Meaning of REENFORCE in Urdu

Use in sentences of کمک

Meaning of REENFORCE in English

• To strengthen with new force, assistance, material, or support; as, to reenforce an argument; to reenforce a garment; especially, to strengthen with additional troops, as an army or a fort, or with additional ships, as a fleet.
• Something which reenforces or strengthens.
• That part of a cannon near the breech which is thicker than the rest of the piece, so as better to resist the force of the exploding powder. See Illust. of Cannon.Reenforce (v.) (b) Reenforce (v.) An additional thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc. Reenforcement (n.) The act of reenforcing, or the state of being reenforced. Reenforcement (n.) That which reenforces; additional force; especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet. Reengage (v. t. & i.) To engage a second time or again. Reengagement (n.) A renewed or repeated engagement. Reengrave (v. t.) To engrave anew. Reenjoy (v. i.) To enjoy anew. Reenjoyment (n.) Renewed enjoyment. Reenkindle (v. t.) To enkindle again. Reenlist (v. t. & i.) To enlist again. Reenlistment (n.) A renewed enlistment. Reenslave (v. t.) To enslave again. Reenter (v. t.) To enter again. Reenter (v. t.) To cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing. Reenter (v. i.) To enter anew or again. Reentering (n.) The process of applying additional colors, by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly colored. Reenthrone (v. t.) To enthrone again; to replace on a throne. Reenthronement (n.) A second enthroning. Reentrance (n.) The act entereing again; re/ntry. Reentrant (a.) Reentering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, a re/ntrant angle. Reentry (n.) A second or new entry; as, a reentry into public life. Reentry (n.) A resuming or retaking possession of what one has lately foregone; -- applied especially to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the lease. Reerect (v. t.) To erect again. Reermouse (n.) See Rearmouse. Reestablish (v. t.) To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; as, to reestablish a covenant; to reestablish health. Reestablisher (n.) One who establishes again. Reestablishment (n.) The act reestablishing; the state of being reestablished. Reestate (v. t.) To reestablish. Reeve (n.) The female of the ruff. Rove (imp. & p. p.) of Reeve Reeving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reeve Reeve (v. t.) To pass, as the end of a pope, through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the like. Reeve (n.) an officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in compounds; as, shirereeve, now written sheriff; portreeve, etc. Reexaminable (a.) Admitting of being reexamined or reconsidered. Reexamination (n.) A repeated examination. See under Examination. Reexamine (v. t.) To examine anew. Reexchange (v. t.) To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange). Reexchange (n.) A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange. Reexchange (n.) The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country in which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up. Reexhibit (v. t.) To exhibit again. Reexpel (v. t.) To expel again. Reexperience (n.) A renewed or repeated experience. Reexport (v. t.) To export again, as what has been imported. Reexport (n.) Any commodity reexported; -- chiefly in the plural. Reexportation (n.) The act of reexporting, or of exporting an import. Reexpulsion (n.) Renewed or repeated expulsion. Reezed (a.) Grown rank; rancid; rusty. Refaction (n.) Recompense; atonement; retribution. Refar (v. t.) To go over again; to repeat. Refashion (v. t.) To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second time. Refashionment (n.) The act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned. Refasten (v. t.) To fasten again. Refect (v. t.) To restore after hunger or fatigue; to refresh. Refection (n.) Refreshment after hunger or fatigue; a repast; a lunch. Refective (a.) Refreshing; restoring. Refective (n.) That which refreshes. Refectories (pl. ) of Refectory Refectory (n.) A room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or convents. Refel (v. t.) To refute; to disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a sophister. Referred (imp. & p. p.) of Refer Referring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refer Refer (v. t.) To carry or send back. Refer (v. t.) Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, information, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a question of law to a superior tribunal. Refer (v. t.) To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation; as, he referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances. Refer (v. i.) To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as, to refer to a dictionary. Refer (v. i.) To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as, the figure refers to a footnote. Refer (v. i.) To carry the mind or thought; to direct attention; as, the preacher referred to the late election. Refer (v. i.) To direct inquiry for information or a guarantee of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the like; as, I referred to his employer for the truth of his story. Referable (a.) Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to something else; assignable; ascribable. Referee (n.) One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it. Reference (n.) The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance. Reference (n.) That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book. Reference (n.) Relation; regard; respect. Reference (n.) One who, or that which, is referred to. Reference (n.) One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another. Reference (n.) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred. Reference (n.) The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision. Reference (n.) The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court. Reference (n.) Appeal. Referendary (n.) One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee. Referendary (n.) An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions. Referendary (n.) Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees. Referendum (n.) A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his government concerning a particular matter or point. Referendum (n.) The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed upon by a legislature. Referential (a.) Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself; as, notes for referential use. Referment (n.) The act of referring; reference. Re-ferment (v. t. & i.) To ferment, or cause to ferment, again. Referrer (n.) One who refers. Referrible (a.) Referable. Refigure (v. t.) To figure again. Refill (v. t. & i.) To fill, or become full, again. Refind (v. t.) To find again; to get or experience again. Refined (imp. & p. p.) of Refine Refining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refine Refine (v. t.) To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar. Refine (v. t.) To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; as, to refine the manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings. Refine (v. i.) To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter. Refine (v. i.) To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence. Refine (v. i.) To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language. Refined (a.) Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined sentiments. Refinement (n.) The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas. Refinement (n.) That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic. Refiner (n.) One who, or that which, refines. Refineries (pl. ) of Refinery Refinery (n.) The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar. Refinery (n.) A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast on the molten metal. Refit (v. t.) To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to refit ships of war. Refit (v. t.) To fit out or supply a second time. Refit (v. i.) To obtain repairs or supplies; as, the fleet returned to refit. Refitment (n.) The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted. Refix (v. t.) To fix again or anew; to establish anew. Reflame (v. i.) To kindle again into flame. Reflected (imp. & p. p.) of Reflect Reflecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reflect Reflect (v.) To bend back; to give a backwa/d turn to; to throw back; especially, to cause to return after striking upon any surface; as, a mirror reflects rays of light; polished metals reflect heat. Reflect (v.) To give back an image or likeness of; to mirror. Reflect (v. i.) To throw back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams. Reflect (v. i.) To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert; to return. Reflect (v. i.) To throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or rules. Reflect (v. i.) To cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor. Reflected (a.) Thrown back after striking a surface; as, reflected light, heat, sound, etc. Reflected (a.) Hence: Not one's own; received from another; as, his glory was reflected glory. Reflected (a.) Bent backward or outward; reflexed. Reflectent (a.) Bending or flying back; reflected. Reflectent (a.) Reflecting; as, a reflectent body. Reflectible (a.) Capable of being reflected, or thrown back; reflexible. Reflecting (a.) Throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface. Reflecting (a.) Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective; contemplative; as, a reflecting mind. Reflectingly (adv.) With reflection; also, with censure; reproachfully. Reflection (n.) The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected. Reflection (n.) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. See Angle of reflection, below. Reflection (n.) The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or standard. Reflection (n.) Shining; brightness, as of the sun. Reflection (n.) That which is produced by reflection. Reflection (n.) An image given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart. Reflection (n.) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the reflection of a membrane. Reflection (n.) Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by truth. Reflection (n.) Censure; reproach cast. Reflection (n.) The transference of an excitement from one nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve cells, as in reflex action. See Reflex action, under Reflex. Reflective (a.) Throwing back images; as, a reflective mirror. Reflective (a.) Capable of exercising thought or judgment; as, reflective reason. Reflective (a.) Addicted to introspective or meditative habits; as, a reflective person. Reflective (a.) Reflexive; reciprocal. Reflector (n.) One who, or that which, reflects. Reflector (n.) Something having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat, as a mirror, a speculum, etc. Reflector (n.) A reflecting telescope. Reflector (n.) A device for reflecting sound. Reflex (a.) Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive; introspective. Reflex (a.) Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return. Reflex (a.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary intervention of consciousness. Reflex (n.) Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface to one in shade. Reflex (n.) An involuntary movement produced by reflex action. Reflex (v. t.) To reflect. Reflex (v. t.) To bend back; to turn back. Reflexed (a.) Bent backward or outward. Reflexibility (n.) The quality or capability of being reflexible; as, the reflexibility of the rays of light. Reflexible (a.) Capable of being reflected, or thrown back. Reflexion (n.) See Reflection. Reflexity (n.) The state or condition of being reflected. Reflexive (a.) Bending or turned backward; reflective; having respect to something past. Reflexive (a.) Implying censure. Reflexive (a.) Having for its direct object a pronoun which refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent; -- said of certain verbs; as, the witness perjured himself; I bethought myself. Applied also to pronouns of this class; reciprocal; reflective. Reflexly (adv.) In a reflex manner; reflectively. Refloat (n.) Reflux; ebb. Reflorescence (n.) A blossoming anew of a plant after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season. Reflourish (v. t. & i.) To flourish again. Reflow (v. i.) To flow back; to ebb. Reflower (v. i. & t.) To flower, or cause to flower, again. Refluctuation (n.) A flowing back; refluence. Refluence (n.) Alt. of Refluency Refluency (n.) The quality of being refluent; a flowing back. Refluent (a.) Flowing back; returning; ebbing. Reflueus (a.) Refluent. Reflux (a.) Returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux action. Reflux (n.) A flowing back, as the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as, the flux and reflux of the tides. Refocillate (v. t.) To refresh; to revive. Refocillation (n.) Restoration of strength by refreshment. Refold (v. t.) To fold again. Refoment (v. t.) To foment anew. Reforestization (n.) The act or process of reforestizing. Reforestize (v. t.) To convert again into a forest; to plant again with trees. Reforge (v. t.) To forge again or anew; hence, to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over. Reforger (n.) One who reforges. Reform (v. t.) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; as, to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals. Reform (v. i.) To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; as, a man of settled habits of vice will seldom reform. Reform (n.) Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; as, reform of elections; reform of government. Re-formed (imp. & p. p.) of Re-form Re-forming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Re-form Re-form (v. t. & i.) To give a new form to; to form anew; to take form again, or to take a new form; as, to re-form the line after a charge. Reformable (a.) Capable of being reformed. Reformade (n.) A reformado. Reformado (v. t.) A monk of a reformed order. Reformado (v. t.) An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his command, but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay. Reformalize (v. i.) To affect reformation; to pretend to correctness. Reformation (n.) The act of reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything vicious or corrupt; as, the reformation of manners; reformation of the age; reformation of abuses. Reformation (n.) Specifically (Eccl. Hist.), the important religious movement commenced by Luther early in the sixteenth century, which resulted in the formation of the various Protestant churches. Re-formation (n.) The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; as, the reformation of a column of troops into a hollow square. Reformative (a.) Forming again; having the quality of renewing form; reformatory. Reformatory (a.) Tending to produce reformation; reformative. -ries (pl. ) of Reformatory Reformatory (n.) An institution for promoting the reformation of offenders. Reformed (a.) Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point. The Protestant churches founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of Germany, were called the Reformed churches. Reformed (a.) Amended in character and life; as, a reformed gambler or drunkard. Reformed (a.) Retained in service on half or full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; -- said of an officer. Reformer (n.) One who effects a reformation or amendment; one who labors for, or urges, reform; as, a reformer of manners, or of abuses. Reformer (n.) One of those who commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century, as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin. Reformist (n.) A reformer. Reformly (adv.) In the manner of a reform; for the purpose of reform. Refortification (n.) A fortifying anew, or a second time. Refortify (v. t.) To fortify anew. Refossion (n.) The act of digging up again. Refound (v. t.) To found or cast anew. Refound (v. t.) To found or establish again; to re/stablish. Refound () imp. & p. p. of Refind, v. t. Refounder (n.) One who refounds. Refracted (imp. & p. p.) of Refract Refracting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refract Refract (n.) To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off. Refract (n.) To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from reflection; as, a dense medium refrcts the rays of light as they pass into it from a rare medium. Refractable (a.) Capable of being refracted. Refracted (a.) Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken; as, a refracted stem or leaf. Refracted (a.) Turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted rays of light. Refracting (a.) Serving or tending to refract; as, a refracting medium. Refraction (n.) The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted. Refraction (n.) The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved. Refraction (n.) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction. Refraction (n.) The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude. Refractive (a.) Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive powers. Refractiveness (n.) The quality or condition of being refractive. Refractometer (n.) A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light. Refractor (n.) Anything that refracts Refractor (n.) A refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens. Refractorily (adv.) In a refractory manner; perversely; obstinately. Refractoriness (n.) The quality or condition of being refractory. Refractory (a.) Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast. Refractory (a.) Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore. Refractory (n.) A refractory person. Refractory (n.) Refractoriness. Refractory (n.) OPottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles. Refracture (n.) A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon. Refracture (v. t.) To break again, as a bone. Refragable (a.) Capable of being refuted; refutable. Refragate (v. i.) To oppose. Refrained (imp. & p. p.) of Refrain Refraining (p. pr. & vb/ n.) of Refrain Refrain (v. t.) To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern. Refrain (v. t.) To abstain from Refrain (v. i.) To keep one's self from action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to abstain. Refrain (v.) The burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition. Refrainer (n.) One who refrains. Refrainment (n.) Act of refraining. Reframe (v. t.) To frame again or anew. Refrangibility (n.) The quality of being refrangible. Refrangible (a.) Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light. Refrenation (v. t.) The act of refraining. Refreshed (imp. & p. p.) of Refresh Refreshing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refresh Refresh (a.) To make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the mind. Refresh (a.) To make as if new; to repair; to restore. Refresh (n.) The act of refreshing. Refresher (n.) One who, or that which, refreshes. Refresher (n.) An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted. Refreshful (a.) Full of power to refresh; refreshing. Refreshing (a.) Reviving; reanimating. Refreshment (n.) The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering; new life or animation after depression. Refreshment (n.) That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink. Refret (n.) Refrain. Refreyd (v. t.) To chill; to cool. Refrication (n.) A rubbing up afresh; a brightening. Refrigerant (a.) Cooling; allaying heat or fever. Refrigerant (n.) That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also figuratively. Refrigerated (imp. & p. p.) of Refrigerate Refrigerating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refrigerate Refrigerate (v. t.) To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool. Refrigeration (n.) The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled. Refrigerative (a.) Cooling; allaying heat. Refrigerative (n.) A refrigerant. Refrigerator (n.) That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool. Refrigerator (n.) A box or room for keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of ice. Refrigerator (n.) An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors, connected with a still, etc. Refrigeratory (a.) Mitigating heat; cooling. -ries (pl. ) of Refrigeratory Refrigeratory (n.) That which refrigerates or cools. Refrigeratory (n.) In distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed. Refrigeratory (n.) The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice machine. Refrigerium (n.) Cooling refreshment; refrigeration. Refringency (n.) The power possessed by a substance to refract a ray; as, different substances have different refringencies. Refringent (a.) Pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive; refracting; as, a refringent prism of spar. Reft (imp. & p. p.) Bereft. Reft (n.) A chink; a rift. See Rift. Refuge (n.) Shelter or protection from danger or distress. Refuge (n.) That which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an enemy. Refuge (n.) An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or contrivance. Refuge (v. t.) To shelter; to protect. Refugee (n.) One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety. Refugee (n.) Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; as, the French refugees who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes. Refulgence (n.) Alt. of Refulgency Refulgency (n.) The quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender; radiance. Refulgent (a.) Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams. Refund (v. t.) To fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; as, to refund a railroad loan. Refund (v. t.) To pour back. Refund (v. t.) To give back; to repay; to restore. Refund (v. t.) To supply again with funds; to reimburse. Refunder (n.) One who refunds. Refundment (n.) The act of refunding; also, that which is refunded. Refurbish (v. t.) To furbish anew. Refurnish (v. t.) To furnish again. Refurnishment (n.) The act of refurnishing, or state of being refurnished. Refusable (a.) Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal. Refusal (n.) The act of refusing; denial of anything demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance. Refusal (n.) The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; as, to give one the refusal of a farm; to have the refusal of an employment. Refused (imp. & p. p.) of Refuse Refusing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refuse Refuse (v. t.) To deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant. Refuse (v. t.) To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular aligment when troops ar/ about to engage the enemy; as, to refuse the right wing while the left wing attacks. Refuse (v. t.) To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or petition of; as, to refuse a suitor. Refuse (v. t.) To disown. Refuse (v. i.) To deny compliance; not to comply. Refuse (n.) Refusal. Refuse (n.) That which is refused or rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter. Refuse (a.) Refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless. Refuser (n.) One who refuses or rejects. Refusion (n.) New or repeated melting, as of metals. Refusion (n.) Restoration. Refut (n.) Refuge. Refutability (n.) The quality of being refutable. Refutable (a.) Admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or erroneous. Refutal (n.) Act of refuting; refutation. Refutation (n.) The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing proof. Refutatory (a.) Tending tu refute; refuting. Refuted (imp. & p. p.) of Refute Refuting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refute Refute (v. t.) To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to refute opinions or theories; to refute a disputant. Refuter (n.) One who, or that which, refutes. Regain (v. t.) To gain anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again. Regal (a.) Of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as, regal authority, pomp, or sway. Regal (n.) A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows being worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Regale (n.) A prerogative of royalty. Regaled (imp. & p. p.) of Regale Regaling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regale Regale (v. t.) To enerta/n in a regal or sumptuous manner; to enrtertain with something that delights; to gratify; to refresh; as, to regale the taste, the eye, or the ear. Regale (v. i.) To feast; t/ fare sumtuously. Regale (v. t.) A sumptuous repast; a banquet. Regalement (n.) The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment; entertainment. Regaler (n.) One who regales. Regalia (n. pl.) That which belongs to royalty. Specifically: (a) The rights and prerogatives of a king. (b) Royal estates and revenues. (c) Ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty. Regalia (n. pl.) Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or order, as of Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc. Regalia (n. pl.) Sumptuous food; delicacies. Regalia (n.) A kind of cigar of large size and superior quality; also, the size in which such cigars are classed. Regalian (a.) Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or prerogatives. Regalism (n.) The doctrine of royal prerogative or supremacy. Regality (n.) Royalty; sovereignty; sovereign jurisdiction. Regality (n.) An ensign or badge of royalty. Regally (adv.) In a regal or royal manner. Regarded (imp. & p. p.) of Regard Regarding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regard Regard (v. t.) To keep in view; to behold; to look at; to view; to gaze upon. Regard (v. t.) Hence, to look or front toward; to face. Regard (v. t.) To look closely at; to observe attentively; to pay attention to; to notice or remark particularly. Regard (v. t.) To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold as an popinion; to consider; as, to regard abstinence from wine as a duty; to regard another as a friend or enemy. Regard (v. t.) To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling toward; as, to regard one with favor or dislike. Regard (v. t.) To pay respect to; to treat as something of peculiar value, sanctity, or the like; to care for; to esteem. Regard (v. t.) To take into consideration; to take account of, as a fact or condition. Regard (v. t.) To have relation to, as bearing upon; to respect; to relate to; to touch; as, an argument does not regard the question; -- often used impersonally; as, I agree with you as regards this or that. Regard (v. i.) To look attentively; to consider; to notice. Regard (v. t.) A look; aspect directed to another; view; gaze. Regard (v. t.) Attention of the mind with a feeling of interest; observation; heed; notice. Regard (v. t.) That view of the mind which springs from perception of value, estimable qualities, or anything that excites admiration; respect; esteem; reverence; affection; as, to have a high regard for a person; -- often in the plural. Regard (v. t.) State of being regarded, whether favorably or otherwise; estimation; repute; note; account. Regard (v. t.) Consideration; thought; reflection; heed. Regard (v. t.) Matter for consideration; account; condition. Regard (v. t.) Respect; relation; reference. Regard (v. t.) Object of sight; scene; view; aspect. Regard (v. t.) Supervision; inspection. Regardable (a.) Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded; observable. Regardant (v. t.) Looking behind; looking backward watchfully. Regardant (v. t.) Looking behind or backward; as, a lion regardant. Regardant (v. t.) Annexed to the land or manor; as, a villain regardant. Regarder (n.) One who regards. Regarder (n.) An officer appointed to supervise the forest. Regardful (a.) Heedful; attentive; observant. Regarding (prep.) Concerning; respecting. Regardless (a.) Having no regard; heedless; careless; as, regardless of life, consequences, dignity. Regardless (a.) Not regarded; slighted. Regather (v. t.) To gather again. Regattas (pl. ) of Regatta Regatta (n.) Originally, a gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or sailing race, or a series of such races. Regel (n.) See Rigel. Regelate (v. i.) To freeze together again; to undergo regelation, as ice. Regelation (n.) The act or process of freezing anew, or together,as two pieces of ice. Regence (n.) Rule. Regencies (pl. ) of Regency Regency (a.) The office of ruler; rule; authority; government. Regency (a.) Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or dominion of a regent or vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents; deputed or vicarious government. Regency (a.) A body of men intrusted with vicarious government; as, a regency constituted during a king's minority, absence from the kingdom, or other disability. Regeneracy (n.) The state of being regenerated. Regenerate (a.) Reproduced. Regenerate (a.) Born anew; become Christian; renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual state. Regenerate (v. t.) To generate or produce anew; to reproduce; to give new life, strength, or vigor to. Regenerate (v. t.) To cause to be spiritually born anew; to cause to become a Christian; to convert from sin to holiness; to implant holy affections in the heart of. Regenerate (v. t.) Hence, to make a radical change for the better in the character or condition of; as, to regenerate society. Regenerateness (n.) The quality or state of being rgenerate. Regeneration (n.) The act of regenerating, or the state of being regenerated. Regeneration (n.) The entering into a new spiritual life; the act of becoming, or of being made, Christian; that change by which holy affectations and purposes are substituted for the opposite motives in the heart. Regeneration (n.) The reproduction of a part which has been removed or destroyed; re-formation; -- a process especially characteristic of a many of the lower animals; as, the regeneration of lost feelers, limbs, and claws by spiders and crabs. Regeneration (n.) The reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc., which have been used up and destroyed by the ordinary processes of life; as, the continual regeneration of the epithelial cells of the body, or the regeneration of the contractile substance of muscle. Regeneration (n.) The union of parts which have been severed, so that they become anatomically perfect; as, the regeneration of a nerve. Regenerative (a.) Of or pertaining to regeneration; tending to regenerate; as, regenerative influences. Regeneratively (adv.) So as to regenerate. Regenerator (n.) One who, or that which, regenerates. Regenerator (n.) A device used in connection with hot-air engines, gas-burning furnaces, etc., in which the incoming air or gas is heated by being brought into contact with masses of iron, brick, etc., which have been previously heated by the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas. Regeneratory (a.) Having power to renew; tending to reproduce; regenerating. Regenesis (n.) New birth; renewal. Regent (a.) Ruling; governing; regnant. Regent (a.) Exercising vicarious authority. Regent (a.) One who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler. Regent (a.) Especially, one invested with vicarious authority; one who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign. Regent (a.) One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer; a superintendent; a curator; as, the regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Regent (a.) A resident master of arts of less than five years' standing, or a doctor of less than twwo. They were formerly privileged to lecture in the schools. Regentess (n.) A female regent. Regentship (n.) The office of a regent; regency. Regerminate (v. i.) To germinate again. Regermination (n.) A germinating again or anew. Regest (n.) A register. Reget (v. t.) To get again. Regian (n.) An upholder of kingly authority; a royalist. Regible (a.) Governable; tractable. Regicidal (a.) Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing it; having the nature of, or resembling, regicide. Regicide (n.) One who kills or who murders a king; specifically (Eng.Hist.), one of the judges who condemned Charles I. to death. Regicide (n.) The killing or the murder of a king. Regild (v. t.) To gild anew. Regime (n.) Mode or system of rule or management; character of government, or of the prevailing social system. Regime (n.) The condition of a river with respect to the rate of its flow, as measured by the volume of water passing different cross sections in a given time, uniform regime being the condition when the flow is equal and uniform at all the cross sections. Regimen (n.) Orderly government; system of order; adminisration. Regimen (n.) Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation Regimen (n.) a systematic course of diet, etc., pursed with a view to improving or preserving the health, or for the purpose of attaining some particular effect, as a reduction of flesh; -- sometimes used synonymously with hygiene. Regimen (n.) A syntactical relation between words, as when one depends on another and is regulated by it in respect to case or mood; government. Regimen (n.) The word or words governed. Regiment (n.) Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority; regimen. Regiment (n.) A region or district governed. Regiment (n.) A body of men, either horse, foot, or artillery, commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a number of companies, usually ten. Regimented (imp. & p. p.) of Regiment Regimenting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regiment Regiment (v. t.) To form into a regiment or into regiments. Regimental (a.) Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment; as, regimental officers, clothing. Regimentally (adv.) In or by a regiment or regiments; as, troops classified regimentally. Regimentals (n. pl.) The uniform worn by the officers and soldiers of a regiment; military dress; -- formerly used in the singular in the same sense. Regiminal (a.) Of or relating to regimen; as, regiminal rules. Region (n.) One of the grand districts or quarters into which any space or surface, as of the earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided; hence, in general, a portion of space or territory of indefinite extent; country; province; district; tract. Region (n.) Tract, part, or space, lying about and including anything; neighborhood; vicinity; sphere. Region (n.) The upper air; the sky; the heavens. Region (n.) The inhabitants of a district. Region (n.) Place; rank; station. Regional (a.) Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional. Regious (a.) Regal; royal. Register (n.) A written account or entry; an official or formal enumeration, description, or record; a memorial record; a list or roll; a schedule. Register (n.) A record containing a list and description of the merchant vessels belonging to a port or customs district. Register (n.) A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel, to be used as an evidence of nationality or as a muniment of title. Register (n.) One who registers or records; a registrar; a recorder; especially, a public officer charged with the duty of recording certain transactions or events; as, a register of deeds. Register (n.) That which registers or records. Register (n.) A contrivance for automatically noting the performance of a machine or the rapidity of a process. Register (n.) The part of a telegraphic apparatus which records automatically the message received. Register (n.) A machine for registering automatically the number of persons passing through a gateway, fares taken, etc.; a telltale. Register (n.) A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace, stove, etc., for regulating the admission of air to the fuel; also, an arrangement containing dampers or shutters, as in the floor or wall of a room or passage, or in a chimney, for admitting or excluding heated air, or for regulating ventilation. Register (n.) The inner part of the mold in which types are cast. Register (n.) The correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the opposite or reverse sides of the sheet. Register (n.) The correspondence or adjustment of the several impressions in a design which is printed in parts, as in chromolithographic printing, or in the manufacture of paper hangings. See Register, v. i. 2. Register (v. i.) The compass of a voice or instrument; a specified portion of the compass of a voice, or a series of vocal tones of a given compass; as, the upper, middle, or lower register; the soprano register; the tenor register. Register (v. i.) A stop or set of pipes in an organ. Registered (imp. & p. p.) of Register Registering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Register Register (n.) To enter in a register; to record formally and distinctly, as for future use or service. Register (n.) To enroll; to enter in a list. Register (v. i.) To enroll one's name in a register. Register (v. i.) To correspond in relative position; as, two pages, columns, etc. , register when the corresponding parts fall in the same line, or when line falls exactly upon line in reverse pages, or (as in chromatic printing) where the various colors of the design are printed consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is necessary. Registering (a.) Recording; -- applied to instruments; having an apparatus which registers; as, a registering thermometer. See Recording. Registership (n.) The office of a register. Registrant (n.) One who registers; esp., one who , by virtue of securing an official registration, obtains a certain right or title of possession, as to a trade-mark. Registrar (n.) One who registers; a recorder; a keeper of records; as, a registrar of births, deaths, and marriages. See Register, n., 3. Registrarship (n.) The office of a registrar. Registrary (n.) A registrar. Registrate (v. t.) To register. Registration (v.) The act of registering; registry; enrollment. Registration (v.) The art of selecting and combining the stops or registers of an organ. Registry (n.) The act of recording or writing in a register; enrollment; registration. Registry (n.) The place where a register is kept. Registry (n.) A record; an account; a register. Regius (a.) Of or pertaining to a king; royal. Regive (v. t.) To give again; to give back. Regle (v. t.) To rule; to govern. Reglement (n.) Regulation. Reglementary (a.) Regulative. Reglet (n.) A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to separate the parts or members of compartments or panels from one another, or doubled, turned, and interlaced so as to form knots, frets, or other ornaments. See Illust. (12) of Column. Reglet (n.) A strip of wood or metal of the height of a quadrat, used for regulating the space between pages in a chase, and also for spacing out title-pages and other open matter. It is graded to different sizes, and designated by the name of the type that it matches; as, nonpareil reglet, pica reglet, and the like. Regma (n.) A kind of dry fruit, consisting of three or more cells, each which at length breaks open at the inner angle. Regmacarp (n.) Any dry dehiscent fruit. Regnal (a.) Of or pertaining to the reign of a monarch; as, regnal years. Regnancy (n.) The condition or quality of being regnant; sovereignty; rule. Regnant (a.) Exercising regal authority; reigning; as, a queen regnant. Regnant (a.) Having the chief power; ruling; predominant; prevalent. Regnative (a.) Ruling; governing. Regne (n. & v.) See Reign. Regorge (v. t.) To vomit up; to eject from the stomach; to throw back. Regorge (v. t.) To swallow again; to swallow back. Regrade (v. i.) To retire; to go back. Regraft (v. t.) To graft again. Regrant (v. t.) To grant back; to grant again or anew. Regrant (n.) The act of granting back to a former proprietor. Regrant (n.) A renewed of a grant; as, the regrant of a monopoly. Regrated (imp. & p. p.) of Regrate Regrating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regrate Regrate (v. t.) To remove the outer surface of, as of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh appearance. Regrate (v. t.) To offend; to shock. Regrate (v. t.) To buy in large quantities, as corn, provisions, etc., at a market or fair, with the intention of selling the same again, in or near the same place, at a higher price, -- a practice which was formerly treated as a public offense. Regrater (n.) One who regrates. Regratery (n.) The act or practice of regrating. Regratiatory (n.) A returning or giving of thanks. Regrator (n.) One guilty of regrating. Regrede (v. i.) To go back; to retrograde, as the apsis of a planet's orbit. Regredience (n.) A going back; a retrogression; a return. Regreet (v. t.) To greet again; to resalute; to return a salutation to; to greet. Regreet (n.) A return or exchange of salutation. Regress (n.) The act of passing back; passage back; return; retrogression. "The progress or regress of man". Regress (n.) The power or liberty of passing back. Regressed (imp. & p. p.) of Regress Regressing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regress Regress (v. i.) To go back; to return to a former place or state. Regression (n.) The act of passing back or returning; retrogression; retrogradation. Regressive (a.) Passing back; returning. Regressive (a.) Characterized by retrogression; retrogressive. Regressively (adv.) In a regressive manner. Regret (v.) Pain of mind on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing; grief; sorrow; especially, a mourning on account of the loss of some joy, advantage, or satisfaction. Regret (v.) Dislike; aversion. Regretted (imp. & p. p.) of Regret Regretting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regret Regret (v. t.) To experience regret on account of; to lose or miss with a sense of regret; to feel sorrow or dissatisfaction on account of (the happening or the loss of something); as, to regret an error; to regret lost opportunities or friends. Regretful (a.) Full of regret; indulging in regrets; repining. Regrow (v. i. & t.) To grow again. Regrowth (n.) The act of regrowing; a second or new growth. Reguardant (a.) Same as Regardant. Reguerdon (v. t.) To reward. Regulable (a.) Capable of being regulated. Regular (a.) Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established rule, law, principle, or type, or to established customary forms; normal; symmetrical; as, a regular verse in poetry; a regular piece of music; a regular verb; regular practice of law or medicine; a regular building. Regular (a.) Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in course, practice, or occurence; not subject to unexplained or irrational variation; returning at stated intervals; steadily pursued; orderlly; methodical; as, the regular succession of day and night; regular habits. Regular (a.) Constituted, selected, or conducted in conformity with established usages, rules, or discipline; duly authorized; permanently organized; as, a regular meeting; a regular physican; a regular nomination; regular troops. Regular (a.) Belonging to a monastic order or community; as, regular clergy, in distinction dfrom the secular clergy. Regular (a.) Thorough; complete; unmitigated; as, a regular humbug. Regular (a.) Having all the parts of the same kind alike in size and shape; as, a regular flower; a regular sea urchin. Regular (a.) Same as Isometric. Regular (a.) A member of any religious order or community who has taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and who has been solemnly recognized by the church. Regular (a.) A soldier belonging to a permanent or standing army; -- chiefly used in the plural. Regularia (n. pl.) A division of Echini which includes the circular, or regular, sea urchins. Regularity (n.) The condition or quality of being regular; as, regularity of outline; the regularity of motion. Regularize (v. t.) To cause to become regular; to regulate. Regularly (adv.) In a regular manner; in uniform order; methodically; in due order or time. Regularness (n.) Regularity. Regulated (imp. & p. p.) of Regulate Regulating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regulate Regulate (v. t.) To adjust by rule, method, or established mode; to direct by rule or restriction; to subject to governing principles or laws. Regulate (v. t.) To put in good order; as, to regulate the disordered state of a nation or its finances. Regulate (v. t.) To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a desired rate, degree, or condition; as, to regulate the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a machine, etc. Regulation (n.) The act of regulating, or the state of being regulated. Regulation (n.) A rule or order prescribed for management or government; prescription; a regulating principle; a governing direction; precept; law; as, the regulations of a society or a school. Regulative (a.) Tending to regulate; regulating. Regulative (a.) Necessarily assumed by the mind as fundamental to all other knowledge; furnishing fundamental principles; as, the regulative principles, or principles a priori; the regulative faculty. Regulator (n.) One who, or that which, regulates. Regulator (n.) A contrivance for regulating and controlling motion, as: (a) The lever or index in a watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. (b) The governor of a steam engine. (c) A valve for controlling the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive. Regulator (n.) A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct time. See Astronomical clock (a), under Clock. Regulator (n.) A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the comission of violent crimes. Reguline (a.) Of or pertaining to regulus. Regulize (v. t.) To reduce to regulus; to separate, as a metal from extraneous matter; as, to regulize antimony. Reguluses (pl. ) of Regulus Reguli (pl. ) of Regulus Regulus (n.) A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence. Regulus (n.) The button, globule, or mass of metal, in a more or less impure state, which forms in the bottom of the crucible in smelting and reduction of ores. Regulus (n.) A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Leo; -- called also the Lion's Heart. Regurgitate (v. t.) To throw or pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great quantity. Regurgitate (v. i.) To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back. Regurgitation (n.) The act of flowing or pouring back by the orifice of entrance Regurgitation (n.) the reversal of the natural direction in which the current or contents flow through a tube or cavity of the body. Regurgitation (n.) The act of swallowing again; reabsorption. Rehabilitated (imp. & p. p.) of Rehabilitate Rehabilitating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rehabilitate Rehabilitate (v. t.) To invest or clothe again with some right, authority, or dignity; to restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent, to a former right, rank, or privilege lost or forfeited; -- a term of civil and canon law. Rehabilitation (n.) The act of rehabilitating, or the state of being rehabilitated. Rehash (v. t.) To hash over again; to prepare or use again; as, to rehash old arguments. Rehash (n.) Something hashed over, or made up from old materials. Rehear (v. t.) To hear again; to try a second time; as, to rehear a cause in Chancery. Rehearsal (n.) The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; repetition; specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of practice, in preparation for a public exhibition or exercise. Rehearsed (imp. & p. p.) of Rehearse Rehearsing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rehearse Rehearse (v. t.) To repeat, as what has been already said; to tell over again; to recite. Rehearse (v. t.) To narrate; to relate; to tell. Rehearse (v. t.) To recite or repeat in private for experiment and improvement, before a public representation; as, to rehearse a tragedy. Rehearse (v. t.) To cause to rehearse; to instruct by rehearsal. Rehearse (v. i.) To recite or repeat something for practice. Rehearser (n.) One who rehearses. Reheat (v. t.) To heat again. Reheat (v. t.) To revive; to cheer; to cherish. Rehibition (n.) The returning of a thing purchased to the seller, on the ground of defect or frand. Rehibitory (a.) Of or relating to rehibition; as, a rehibitory action. Rehire (v. t.) To hire again. Rehypothecate (v. t.) To hypothecate again. Reis (pl. ) of Rei Rei (n.) A portuguese money of account, in value about one tenth of a cent. Reichsrath (n.) The parliament of Austria (exclusive of Hungary, which has its own diet, or parliament). It consists of an Upper and a Lower House, or a House of Lords and a House of Representatives. Reichsstand (n.) A free city of the former German empire. Reichstag (n.) The Diet, or House of Representatives, of the German empire, which is composed of members elected for a term of three years by the direct vote of the people. See Bundesrath. Reif (n.) Robbery; spoil. Reigle (n.) A hollow cut or channel for quiding anything; as, the reigle of a side post for a flood gate. Reigle (v. t.) To regulate; to govern. Reiglement (n.) Rule; regulation. Reign (n.) Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty; rule; dominion. Reign (n.) The territory or sphere which is reigned over; kingdom; empire; realm; dominion. Reign (n.) The time during which a king, queen, or emperor possesses the supreme authority; as, it happened in the reign of Elizabeth. Reigned (imp. & p. p.) of Reign Reigning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reign Reign (n.) To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise government, as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule. Reign (n.) Hence, to be predominant; to prevail. Reign (n.) To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to rule. Reigner (n.) One who reigns. Reillume (v. t.) To light again; to cause to shine anew; to relume; to reillumine. Reilluminate (v. t.) To enlighten again; to reillumine. Reillumination (n.) The act or process of enlightening again. Reillumine (v. t.) To illumine again or anew; to reillume. Reim (n.) A strip of oxhide, deprived of hair, and rendered pliable, -- used for twisting into ropes, etc. Reimbark (v. t. & i.) See Reembark. Reimbody (v. t. & i.) To imbody again. Reimbursable (a.) Capable of being repaid; repayable. Reimbursed (imp. & p. p.) of Reimburse Reimbursing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reimburse Reimburse (v. t.) To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to restore; as, to reimburse the expenses of a war. Reimburse (v. t.) To make restoration or payment of an equivalent to (a person); to pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive; as, to reimburse one's self by successful speculation. Reimbursement (n.) The act reimbursing. Reimburser (n.) One who reimburses. Reimplant (v. t.) To implant again. Reimport (v. t.) To import again; to import what has been exported; to bring back. Reimportation (n.) The act of reimporting; also, that which is reimported. Reimportune (v. t.) To importune again. Reimpose (v. t.) To impose anew. Reimpregnate (v. t.) To impregnate again or anew. Reimpress (v. t.) To impress anew. Reimpression (n.) A second or repeated impression; a reprint. Reimprint (v. t.) To imprint again. Reimprison (v. t.) To imprison again. Reimprisonment (n.) The act of reimprisoning, or the state of being reimprisoned. Rein (n.) The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by which the rider or driver governs the horse. Rein (n.) Hence, an instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing; government; restraint. Reined (imp. & p. p.) of Rein Reining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rein Rein (v. t.) To govern or direct with the reins; as, to rein a horse one way or another. Rein (v. t.) To restrain; to control; to check. Rein (v. i.) To be guided by reins. Reinaugurate (v. t.) To inaugurate anew. Reincit (v. t.) To incite again. Reincorporate (v. t.) To incorporate again. Reincrease (v. t.) To increase again. Reincur (v. t.) To incur again. Reindeer (n.) Any ruminant of the genus Rangifer, of the Deer family, found in the colder parts of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and having long irregularly branched antlers, with the brow tines palmate. Reinduce (v. t.) To induce again. Reinette (n.) A name given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of French origin. Reinfect (v. t.) To infect again. Reinfectious (a.) Capable of reinfecting. Reinforce (v. t.) See Reenforce, v. t. Reinforce (n.) See Reenforce, n. Reinforcement (n.) See Reenforcement. Reinfund (v. i.) To flow in anew. Reingratiate (v. t.) To ingratiate again or anew. Reinhabit (v. t.) To inhabit again. Reinless (a.) Not having, or not governed by, reins; hence, not checked or restrained. Reins (n. pl.) The kidneys; also, the region of the kidneys; the loins. Reins (n. pl.) The inward impulses; the affections and passions; -- so called because formerly supposed to have their seat in the part of the body where the kidneys are. Reinsert (v. t.) To insert again. Reinsertion (n.) The act of reinserting. Reinspect (v. t.) To inspect again. Reinspection (n.) The act of reinspecting. Reinspire (v. t.) To inspire anew. Reinspirit (v. t.) To give fresh spirit to. Reinstall (v. t.) To install again. Reinstallment (n.) A renewed installment. Reinstate (v. t.) To place again in possession, or in a former state; to restore to a state from which one had been removed; to instate again; as, to reinstate a king in the possession of the kingdom. Reinstatement (n.) The act of reinstating; the state of being reinstated; re/stablishment. Reinstation (n.) Reinstatement. Reinstruct (v. t.) To instruct anew. Reinsurance (n.) Insurance a second time or again; renewed insurance. Reinsurance (n.) A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly or in part against the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody else. See Reassurance. Reinsure (v. t.) To insure again after a former insuranse has ceased; to renew insurance on. Reinsure (v. t.) To insure, as life or property, in favor of one who has taken an insurance risk upon it. Reinsurer (n.) One who gives reinsurance. Reintegrate (v. t.) To renew with regard to any state or quality; to restore; to bring again together into a whole, as the parts off anything; to reestablish; as, to reintegrate a nation. Reintegration (n.) A renewing, or making whole again. See Redintegration. Reinter (v. t.) To inter again. Reinterrogate (v. t.) To interrogate again; to question repeatedly. Reinthrone (v. t.) See Reenthrone. Reinthronize (v. t.) To enthrone again. Reintroduce (v. t.) To introduce again. Reinvest (v. t.) To invest again or anew. Reinvestigate (v. t.) To investigate again. Reinvestment (n.) The act of investing anew; a second or repeated investment. Reinvigorate (v. t.) To invigorate anew. Reinvolve (v. t.) To involve anew. Reis (n.) The word is used as a Portuguese designation of money of account, one hundred reis being about equal in value to eleven cents. Reis (n.) A common title in the East for a person in authority, especially the captain of a ship. Reis Effendi () A title formerly given to one of the chief Turkish officers of state. He was chancellor of the empire, etc. Reissner's membrane () The thin membrane which separates the canal of the cochlea from the vestibular scala in the internal ear. Reissuable (a.) Capable of being reissued. Reissue (v. t. & i.) To issue a second time. Reissue (n.) A second or repeated issue. Reit (n.) Sedge; seaweed. Reiter (n.) A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Reiterant (a.) Reiterating. Reiterated (imp. & p. p.) of Reiterate Reiterating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reiterate Reiterate (v. t.) To repeat again and again; to say or do repeatedly; sometimes, to repeat. Reiterate (a.) Reiterated; repeated. Reiteratedly (adv.) Repeatedly. Reiteration (n.) The act of reiterating; that which is reiterated. Reiterative (n.) A word expressing repeated or reiterated action. Reiterative (n.) A word formed from another, or used to form another, by repetition; as, dillydally. Reiver (n.) See Reaver. Rejected (imp. & p. p.) of Reject Rejecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reject Reject (v. t.) To cast from one; to throw away; to discard. Reject (v. t.) To refuse to receive or to acknowledge; to decline haughtily or harshly; to repudiate. Reject (v. t.) To refuse to grant; as, to reject a prayer or request. Rejectable (a.) Capable of being, or that ought to be, rejected. Rejectamenta (n. pl.) Things thrown out or away; especially, things excreted by a living organism. Rejectaneous (a.) Not chosen or received; rejected. Rejecter (n.) One who rejects. Rejection (n.) Act of rejecting, or state of being rejected. Rejectitious (a.) Implying or requiring rejection; rejectable. Rejective (a.) Rejecting, or tending to reject. Rejectment (n.) Act of rejecting; matter rejected, or thrown away. Rejoiced (imp. & p. p.) of Rejoice Rejoicing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rejoice Rejoice (v. i.) To feel joy; to experience gladness in a high degree; to have pleasurable satisfaction; to be delighted. Rejoice (v. t.) To enjoy. Rejoice (v. t.) To give joy to; to make joyful; to gladden. Rejoice (n.) The act of rejoicing. Rejoicement (n.) Rejoicing. Rejoicer (n.) One who rejoices. Rejoicing (n.) Joy; gladness; delight. Rejoicing (n.) The expression of joy or gladness. Rejoicing (n.) That which causes to rejoice; occasion of joy. Rejoicingly (adv.) With joi or exultation. Rejoined (imp. & p. p.) of Rejoin Rejoining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rejoin Rejoin (v. t.) To join again; to unite after separation. Rejoin (v. t.) To come, or go, again into the presence of; to join the company of again. Rejoin (v. t.) To state in reply; -- followed by an object clause. Rejoin (v. i.) To answer to a reply. Rejoin (v. i.) To answer, as the defendant to the plaintiff's replication. Rejoinder (n.) An answer to a reply; or, in general, an answer or reply. Rejoinder (n.) The defendant's answer to the plaintiff's replication. Rejoinder (v. i.) To make a rejoinder. Rejoindure (n.) Act of joining again. Rejoint (v. t.) To reunite the joints of; to joint anew. Rejoint (v. t.) Specifically (Arch.), to fill up the joints of, as stones in buildings when the mortar has been dislodged by age and the action of the weather. Rejolt (n.) A reacting jolt or shock; a rebound or recoil. Rejolt (v. t.) To jolt or shake again. Rejourn (v. t.) To adjourn; to put off. Rejournment (n.) Adjournment. Rejudge (v. t.) To judge again; to reexamine; to review; to call to a new trial and decision. Rejuvenate (v. t.) To render young again. Rejuvenation (n.) Rejuvenescence. Rejuvenescence (n.) A renewing of youth; the state of being or growing young again. Rejuvenescence (n.) A method of cell formation in which the entire protoplasm of an old cell escapes by rupture of the cell wall, and then develops a new cell wall. It is seen sometimes in the formation of zoospores, etc. Rejuvenescency (n.) Rejuvenescence. Rejuvenescent (a.) Becoming, or causing to become, rejuvenated; rejuvenating. Rejuvenize (v. t.) To rejuvenate. Rekindle (v. t. & i.) To kindle again. Rekne (v. t.) To reckon. Relade (v. t.) To lade or load again. Relaid () imp. & p. p. of Relay. Relais (n.) A narrow space between the foot of the rampart and the scarp of the ditch, serving to receive the earth that may crumble off or be washed down, and prevent its falling into the ditch. Reland (v. t.) To land again; to put on land, as that which had been shipped or embarked. Reland (v. i.) To go on shore after having embarked; to land again. Relapsed (imp. & p. p.) of Relapse Relapsing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relapse Relapse (v. i.) To slip or slide back, in a literal sense; to turn back. Relapse (v. i.) To slide or turn back into a former state or practice; to fall back from some condition attained; -- generally in a bad sense, as from a state of convalescence or amended condition; as, to relapse into a stupor, into vice, or into barbarism; -- sometimes in a good sense; as, to relapse into slumber after being disturbed. Relapse (v. i.) To fall from Christian faith into paganism, heresy, or unbelief; to backslide. Relapse (v.) A sliding or falling back, especially into a former bad state, either of body or morals; backsliding; the state of having fallen back. Relapse (v.) One who has relapsed, or fallen back, into error; a backslider; specifically, one who, after recanting error, returns to it again. Relapser (n.) One who relapses. Relapsing (a.) Marked by a relapse; falling back; tending to return to a former worse state. Related (imp. & p. p.) of Relate Relating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relate Relate (v. t.) To bring back; to restore. Relate (v. t.) To refer; to ascribe, as to a source. Relate (v. t.) To recount; to narrate; to tell over. Relate (v. t.) To ally by connection or kindred. Relate (v. i.) To stand in some relation; to have bearing or concern; to pertain; to refer; -- with to. Relate (v. i.) To make reference; to take account. Related (p. p. & a.) Allied by kindred; connected by blood or alliance, particularly by consanguinity; as, persons related in the first or second degree. Related (p. p. & a.) Standing in relation or connection; as, the electric and magnetic forcec are closely related. Related (p. p. & a.) Narrated; told. Related (p. p. & a.) Same as Relative, 4. Relatedness (n.) The state or condition of being related; relationship; affinity. Relater (n.) One who relates or narrates. Relation (n.) The act of relating or telling; also, that which is related; recital; account; narration; narrative; as, the relation of historical events. Relation (n.) The state of being related or of referring; what is apprehended as appertaining to a being or quality, by considering it in its bearing upon something else; relative quality or condition; the being such and such with regard or respect to some other thing; connection; as, the relation of experience to knowledge; the relation of master to servant. Relation (n.) Reference; respect; regard. Relation (n.) Connection by consanguinity or affinity; kinship; relationship; as, the relation of parents and children. Relation (n.) A person connected by cosanguinity or affinity; a relative; a kinsman or kinswoman. Relation (n.) The carrying back, and giving effect or operation to, an act or proceeding frrom some previous date or time, by a sort of fiction, as if it had happened or begun at that time. In such case the act is said to take effect by relation. Relation (n.) The act of a relator at whose instance a suit is begun. Relational (a.) Having relation or kindred; related. Relational (a.) Indicating or specifying some relation. Relationist (n.) A relative; a relation. Relationship (n.) The state of being related by kindred, affinity, or other alliance. Relative (a.) Having relation or reference; referring; respecting; standing in connection; pertaining; as, arguments not relative to the subject. Relative (a.) Arising from relation; resulting from connection with, or reference to, something else; not absolute. Relative (a.) Indicating or expressing relation; refering to an antecedent; as, a relative pronoun. Relative (a.) Characterizing or pertaining to chords and keys, which, by reason of the identify of some of their tones, admit of a natural transition from one to the other. Relative (n.) One who, or that which, relates to, or is considered in its relation to, something else; a relative object or term; one of two object or term; one of two objects directly connected by any relation. Relative (n.) A person connected by blood or affinity; strictly, one allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or kinswoman. Relative (n.) A relative pronoun; a word which relates to, or represents, another word or phrase, called its antecedent; as, the relatives "who", "which", "that". Relatively (adv.) In a relative manner; in relation or respect to something else; not absolutely. Relativeness (n.) The state of being relative, or having relation; relativity. Relativity (n.) The state of being relative; as, the relativity of a subject. Relator (n.) One who relates; a relater. Relator (n.) A private person at whose relation, or in whose behalf, the attorney-general allows an information in the nature of a quo warranto to be filed. Relatrix (n.) A female relator. Relaxed (imp. & p. p.) of Relax Relaxing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relax Relax (n.) To make lax or loose; to make less close, firm, rigid, tense, or the like; to slacken; to loosen; to open; as, to relax a rope or cord; to relax the muscles or sinews. Relax (n.) To make less severe or rigorous; to abate the stringency of; to remit in respect to strenuousness, earnestness, or effort; as, to relax discipline; to relax one's attention or endeavors. Relax (n.) Hence, to relieve from attention or effort; to ease; to recreate; to divert; as, amusement relaxes the mind. Relax (n.) To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to open; as, an aperient relaxes the bowels. Relax (v. i.) To become lax, weak, or loose; as, to let one's grasp relax. Relax (v. i.) To abate in severity; to become less rigorous. Relax (v. i.) To remit attention or effort; to become less diligent; to unbend; as, to relax in study. Relax (n.) Relaxation. Relax (a.) Relaxed; lax; hence, remiss; careless. Relaxable (a.) Capable of being relaxed. Relaxant (n.) A medicine that relaxes; a laxative. Relaxation (n.) The act or process of relaxing, or the state of being relaxed; as, relaxation of the muscles; relaxation of a law. Relaxation (n.) Remission from attention and effort; indulgence in recreation, diversion, or amusement. Relaxative (a.) Having the quality of relaxing; laxative. Relaxative (n.) A relaxant. Relaid (imp. & p. p.) of Relay Relaying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relay Relay (v. t.) To lay again; to lay a second time; as, to relay a pavement. Relay (n.) A supply of anything arranged beforehand for affording relief from time to time, or at successive stages; provision for successive relief. Relay (n.) A supply of horses placced at stations to be in readiness to relieve others, so that a trveler may proceed without delay. Relay (n.) A supply of hunting dogs or horses kept in readiness at certain places to relive the tired dogs or horses, and to continue the pursuit of the game if it comes that way. Relay (n.) A number of men who relieve others in carrying on some work. Relay (n.) In various forms of telegraphic apparatus, a magnet which receives the circuit current, and is caused by it to bring into into action the power of a local battery for performing the work of making the record; also, a similar device by which the current in one circuit is made to open or close another circuit in which a current is passing. Relbun (n.) The roots of the Chilian plant Calceolaria arachnoidea, -- used for dyeing crimson. Releasable (a.) That may be released. Release (v. t.) To lease again; to grant a new lease of; to let back. Released (imp. & p. p.) of Release Releasing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Release Release (n.) To let loose again; to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude; to give liberty to, or to set at liberty; to let go. Release (n.) To relieve from something that confines, burdens, or oppresses, as from pain, trouble, obligation, penalty. Release (n.) To let go, as a legal claim; to discharge or relinquish a right to, as lands or tenements, by conveying to another who has some right or estate in possession, as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant in possession; to quit. Release (n.) To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation of; as, to release an ordinance. Release (n.) The act of letting loose or freeing, or the state of being let loose or freed; liberation or discharge from restraint of any kind, as from confinement or bondage. Release (n.) Relief from care, pain, or any burden. Release (n.) Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as from debt, penalty, or claim of any kind; acquittance. Release (n.) A giving up or relinquishment of some right or claim; a conveyance of a man's right in lands or tenements to another who has some estate in possession; a quitclaim. Release (n.) The act of opening the exhaust port to allow the steam to escape. Releasee (n.) One to whom a release is given. Releasement (n.) The act of releasing, as from confinement or obligation. Releaser (n.) One who releases, or sets free. Releasor (n.) One by whom a release is given. Relegated (imp. & p. p.) of Relegate Relegating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relegate Relegate (v. t.) To remove, usually to an inferior position; to consign; to transfer; specifically, to send into exile; to banish. Relegation (n.) The act of relegating, or the state of being relegated; removal; banishment; exile. Relented (imp. & p. p.) of Relent Relenting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relent Relent (v. i.) To become less rigid or hard; to yield; to dissolve; to melt; to deliquesce. Relent (v. i.) To become less severe or intense; to become less hard, harsh, cruel, or the like; to soften in temper; to become more mild and tender; to feel compassion. Relent (v. t.) To slacken; to abate. Relent (v. t.) To soften; to dissolve. Relent (v. t.) To mollify ; to cause to be less harsh or severe. Relent (n.) Stay; stop; delay. Relentless (a.) Unmoved by appeals for sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness; unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying; as, a prey to relentless despotism. Relentment (n.) The act or process of relenting; the state of having relented. Relesse (v. t.) To release. Relessee (n.) See Releasee. Relessor (n.) See Releasor. Re-let (v. t.) To let anew, as a house. Relevance (n.) Alt. of Relevancy Relevancy (n.) The quality or state of being relevant; pertinency; applicability. Relevancy (n.) Sufficiency to infer the conclusion. Relevant (a.) Relieving; lending aid or support. Relevant (a.) Bearing upon, or properly applying to, the case in hand; pertinent; applicable. Relevant (a.) Sufficient to support the cause. Relevantly (adv.) In a relevant manner. Relevation (n.) A raising or lifting up. Reliability (n.) The state or quality of being reliable; reliableness. Reliable (a.) Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependance or reliance; trustworthy. Reliance (n.) The act of relying, or the condition or quality of being reliant; dependence; confidence; trust; repose of mind upon what is deemed sufficient support or authority. Reliance (n.) Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of trust; as, the boat was a poor reliance. Reliant (a.) Having, or characterized by, reliance; confident; trusting. Relic (n.) That which remains; that which is left after loss or decay; a remaining portion; a remnant. Relic (n.) The body from which the soul has departed; a corpse; especially, the body, or some part of the body, of a deceased saint or martyr; -- usually in the plural when referring to the whole body. Relic (n.) Hence, a memorial; anything preserved in remembrance; as, relics of youthful days or friendships. Relicly (adv.) In the manner of relics. Relict (n.) A woman whose husband is dead; a widow. Relicted (a.) Left uncovered, as land by recession of water. Reliction (n.) A leaving dry; a recession of the sea or other water, leaving dry land; land left uncovered by such recession. Relief (n.) The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; the removal, or partial removal, of any evil, or of anything oppressive or burdensome, by which some ease is obtained; succor; alleviation; comfort; ease; redress. Relief (n.) Release from a post, or from the performance of duty, by the intervention of others, by discharge, or by relay; as, a relief of a sentry. Relief (n.) That which removes or lessens evil, pain, discomfort, uneasiness, etc.; that which gives succor, aid, or comfort; also, the person who relieves from performance of duty by taking the place of another; a relay. Relief (n.) A fine or composition which the heir of a deceased tenant paid to the lord for the privilege of taking up the estate, which, on strict feudal principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the tenant. Relief (n.) The projection of a figure above the ground or plane on which it is formed. Relief (n.) The appearance of projection given by shading, shadow, etc., to any figure. Relief (n.) The height to which works are raised above the bottom of the ditch. Relief (n.) The elevations and surface undulations of a country. Reliefful (a.) Giving relief. Reliefless (a.) Destitute of relief; also, remediless. Relier (n.) One who relies. Relievable (a.) Capable of being relieved; fitted to recieve relief. Relieved (imp. & p. p.) of Relieve Relieving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relieve Relieve (v. t.) To lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to cause to rise. Relieve (v. t.) To cause to seem to rise; to put in relief; to give prominence or conspicuousness to; to set off by contrast. Relieve (v. t.) To raise up something in; to introduce a contrast or variety into; to remove the monotony or sameness of. Relieve (v. t.) To raise or remove, as anything which depresses, weighs down, or crushes; to render less burdensome or afflicting; to alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; to lessen; as, to relieve pain; to relieve the wants of the poor. Relieve (v. t.) To free, wholly or partly, from any burden, trial, evil, distress, or the like; to give ease, comfort, or consolation to; to give aid, help, or succor to; to support, strengthen, or deliver; as, to relieve a besieged town. Relieve (v. t.) To release from a post, station, or duty; to put another in place of, or to take the place of, in the bearing of any burden, or discharge of any duty. Relieve (v. t.) To ease of any imposition, burden, wrong, or oppression, by judicial or legislative interposition, as by the removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses, or the like; to right. Relievement (n.) The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; relief; release. Reliever (n.) One who, or that which, relieves. Relieving (a.) Serving or tending to relieve. Relievo (n.) See Relief, n., 5. Relight (v. t.) To light or kindle anew. Religieuse (n. m.) Alt. of Religieux Religieux (n. m.) A person bound by monastic vows; a nun; a monk. Religion (n.) The outward act or form by which men indicate their recognition of the existence of a god or of gods having power over their destiny, to whom obedience, service, and honor are due; the feeling or expression of human love, fear, or awe of some superhuman and overruling power, whether by profession of belief, by observance of rites and ceremonies, or by the conduct of life; a system of faith and worship; a manifestation of piety; as, ethical religions; monotheistic religions; natural religion; revealed religion; the religion of the Jews; the religion of idol worshipers. Religion (n.) Specifically, conformity in faith and life to the precepts inculcated in the Bible, respecting the conduct of life and duty toward God and man; the Christian faith and practice. Religion (n.) A monastic or religious order subject to a regulated mode of life; the religious state; as, to enter religion. Religion (n.) Strictness of fidelity in conforming to any practice, as if it were an enjoined rule of conduct. Religionary (a.) Relating to religion; pious; as, religionary professions. Religionary (n.) Alt. of Religioner Religioner (n.) A religionist. Religionism (n.) The practice of, or devotion to, religion. Religionism (n.) Affectation or pretense of religion. Religionist (n.) One earnestly devoted or attached to a religion; a religious zealot. Religionize (v. t.) To bring under the influence of religion. Religionless (a.) Destitute of religion. Religiosity (n.) The quality of being religious; religious feeling or sentiment; religiousness. Religious (a.) Of or pertaining to religion; concerned with religion; teaching, or setting forth, religion; set apart to religion; as, a religious society; a religious sect; a religious place; religious subjects, books, teachers, houses, wars. Religious (a.) Possessing, or conforming to, religion; pious; godly; as, a religious man, life, behavior, etc. Religious (a.) Scrupulously faithful or exact; strict. Religious (a.) Belonging to a religious order; bound by vows. Religious (n.) A person bound by monastic vows, or sequestered from secular concern, and devoted to a life of piety and religion; a monk or friar; a nun. Religiously (adv.) In a religious manner. Religiousness (n.) The quality of being religious. Relik (n.) Relic. Relinquent (a.) Relinquishing. Relinquent (n.) One who relinquishes. Relinquished (imp. & p. p.) of Relinquish Relinquishing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relinquish Relinquish (v. t.) To withdraw from; to leave behind; to desist from; to abandon; to quit; as, to relinquish a pursuit. Relinquish (v. t.) To give up; to renounce a claim to; resign; as, to relinquish a debt. Relinquisher (n.) One who relinquishes. Relinquishment (n.) The act of relinquishing. -ries (pl. ) of Reliquary Reliquary (n.) A depositary, often a small box or casket, in which relics are kept. Relique (n.) See Relic. Reliquiae (n. pl.) Remains of the dead; organic remains; relics. Reliquiae (n. pl.) Same as Induviae. Reliquian (a.) Of or pertaining to a relic or relics; of the nature of a relic. Reliquidate (v. t.) To liquidate anew; to adjust a second time. Reliquidation (n.) A second or renewed liquidation; a renewed adjustment. Relished (imp. & p. p.) of Relish Relishing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relish Relish (v. t.) To taste or eat with pleasure; to like the flavor of; to partake of with gratification; hence, to enjoy; to be pleased with or gratified by; to experience pleasure from; as, to relish food. Relish (v. t.) To give a relish to; to cause to taste agreeably. Relish (v. i.) To have a pleasing or appetizing taste; to give gratification; to have a flavor. Relish (n.) A pleasing taste; flavor that gratifies the palate; hence, enjoyable quality; power of pleasing. Relish (n.) Savor; quality; characteristic tinge. Relish (n.) A taste for; liking; appetite; fondness. Relish (n.) That which is used to impart a flavor; specifically, something taken with food to render it more palatable or to stimulate the appetite; a condiment. Relish (n.) The projection or shoulder at the side of, or around, a tenon, on a tenoned piece. Relishable (a.) Capable of being relished; agreeable to the taste; gratifying. Relive (v. i.) To live again; to revive. Relive (v. t.) To recall to life; to revive. Reload (v. t.) To load again, as a gun. Reloan (n.) A second lending of the same thing; a renewal of a loan. Relocate (v. t.) To locate again. Relocation (n.) A second location. Relocation (n.) Renewal of a lease. Relodge (v. t.) To lodge again. Relove (v. t.) To love in return. Relucent (a.) Reflecting light; shining; glittering; glistening; bright; luminous; splendid. Reluct (v. i.) To strive or struggle against anything; to make resistance; to draw back; to feel or show repugnance or reluctance. Reluctance (n.) Alt. of Reluctancy Reluctancy (n.) The state or quality of being reluctant; repugnance; aversion of mind; unwillingness; -- often followed by an infinitive, or by to and a noun, formerly sometimes by against. Reluctant (a.) Striving against; opposed in desire; unwilling; disinclined; loth. Reluctant (a.) Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with reluctance; as, reluctant obedience. Reluctantly (adv.) In a reluctant manner. Reluctate (v. i.) To struggle against anything; to resist; to oppose. Reluctation (n.) Repugnance; resistance; reluctance. Relumed (imp. & p. p.) of Relume Reluming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relume Relume (v. t.) To rekindle; to light again. Relumined (imp. & p. p.) of Relumine Relumining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relumine Relumine (v. t.) To light anew; to rekindle. Relumine (v. t.) To illuminate again. Relied (imp. & p. p.) of Rely Relying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rely Rely (v. i.) To rest with confidence, as when fully satisfied of the veracity, integrity, or ability of persons, or of the certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence; to trust; to depend; -- with on, formerly also with in. Remade () imp. & p. p. of Remake. Remained (imp. & p. p.) of Remain Remaining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remain Remain (v. i.) To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left after others have been removed or destroyed; to be left after a number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as not included or comprised. Remain (v. i.) To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last. Remain (v. t.) To await; to be left to. Remain (n.) State of remaining; stay. Remain (n.) That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly in the plural. Remain (n.) That which is left of a human being after the life is gone; relics; a dead body. Remain (n.) The posthumous works or productions, esp. literary works, of one who is dead; as, Cecil's Remainder (n.) Anything that remains, or is left, after the separation and removal of a part; residue; remnant. Remainder (n.) The quantity or sum that is left after subtraction, or after any deduction. Remainder (n.) An estate in expectancy, generally in land, which becomes an estate in possession upon the determination of a particular prior estate, created at the same time, and by the same instrument; for example, if land be conveyed to A for life, and on his death to B, A's life interest is a particuar estate, and B's interest is a remainder, or estate in remainder. Remainder (a.) Remaining; left; left over; refuse. Remainder-men (pl. ) of Remainder-man Remainder-man (n.) One who has an estate after a particular estate is determined. See Remainder, n., 3. Remake (v. t.) To make anew. Remanded (imp. & p. p.) of Remand Remanding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remand Remand (v. t.) To recommit; to send back. Remand (n.) The act of remanding; the order for recommitment. Remandment (n.) A remand. Remanence (a.) Alt. of Remanency Remanency (a.) The state of being remanent; continuance; permanence. Remanent (a.) That which remains; a remnant; a residue. Remanent (a.) Remaining; residual. Remanet (n.) A case for trial which can not be tried during the term; a postponed case. Re-mark (v. t.) To mark again, or a second time; to mark anew. Remarked (imp. & p. p.) of Remark Remarking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remark Remark (n.) To mark in a notable manner; to distinquish clearly; to make noticeable or conspicuous; to piont out. Remark (n.) To take notice of, or to observe, mentally; as, to remark the manner of a speaker. Remark (n.) To express in words or writing, as observed or noticed; to state; to say; -- often with a substantive clause; as, he remarked that it was time to go. Remark (v. i.) To make a remark or remarks; to comment. Remark (n.) Act of remarking or attentively noticing; notice or observation. Remark (n.) The expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed; the mention of that which is worthy of attention or notice; hence, also, a casual observation, comment, or statement; as, a pertinent remark. Remarkable (a.) Worthy of being remarked or noticed; noticeable; conspicuous; hence, uncommon; extraordinary. Remarker (n.) One who remarks. Remarriage (n.) A second or repeated marriage. Remarry (v. t. & i.) To marry again. Remast (v. t.) To furnish with a new mast or set of masts. Remasticate (v. t.) To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over, as the cud. Remastication (n.) The act of masticating or chewing again or repeatedly. Remberge (n.) See Ramberge. Remblai (n.) Earth or materials made into a bank after having been excavated. Remble (v. t.) To remove. Reme (n.) Realm. Remean (v. t.) To give meaning to; to explain the meaning of; to interpret. Remeant (a.) Coming back; returning. Remeasure (v. t.) To measure again; to retrace. Remede (n.) Remedy. Remediable (a.) Capable of being remedied or cured. Remedial (a.) Affording a remedy; intended for a remedy, or for the removal or abatement of an evil; as, remedial treatment. Remedially (adv.) In a remedial manner. Remediate (a.) Remedial. Remediless (a.) Not admitting of a remedy; incapable of being restored or corrected; incurable; irreparable; as, a remediless mistake or loss. Remediless (a.) Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual. Remedies (pl. ) of Remedy Remedy (n.) That which relieves or cures a disease; any medicine or application which puts an end to disease and restores health; -- with for; as, a remedy for the gout. Remedy (n.) That which corrects or counteracts an evil of any kind; a corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; -- followed by for or against, formerly by to. Remedy (n.) The legal means to recover a right, or to obtain redress for a wrong. Remedied (imp. & p. p.) of Remedy Remedying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remedy Remedy (n.) To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to repair; to redress; to correct; to counteract. Remelt (v. t.) To melt again. Remembered (imp. & p. p.) of Remember Remembering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remember Remember (v. t.) To have ( a notion or idea) come into the mind again, as previously perceived, known, or felt; to have a renewed apprehension of; to bring to mind again; to think of again; to recollect; as, I remember the fact; he remembers the events of his childhood; I cannot remember dates. Remember (v. t.) To be capable of recalling when required; to keep in mind; to be continually aware or thoughtful of; to preserve fresh in the memory; to attend to; to think of with gratitude, affection, respect, or any other emotion. Remember (v. t.) To put in mind; to remind; -- also used reflexively and impersonally. Remember (v. t.) To mention. Remember (v. t.) To recall to the mind of another, as in the friendly messages, remember me to him, he wishes to be remembered to you, etc. Remember (v. i.) To execise or have the power of memory; as, some remember better than others. Rememberable (a.) Capable or worthy of being remembered. Rememberer (n.) One who remembers. Remembrance (n.) The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or bringing to mind; recollection. Remembrance (n.) The state of being remembered, or held in mind; memory; recollection. Remembrance (n.) Something remembered; a person or thing kept in memory. Remembrance (n.) That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a memorial; a token; a memento; a souvenir; a memorandum or note of something to be remembered. Remembrance (n.) Something to be remembered; counsel; admoni//on; instruction. Remembrance (n.) Power of remembering; reach of personal knowledge; period over which one's memory extends. Remembrancer (n.) One who, or that which, serves to bring to, or keep in, mind; a memento; a memorial; a reminder. Remembrancer (n.) A term applied in England to several officers, having various functions, their duty originally being to bring certain matters to the attention of the proper persons at the proper time. Rememorate (v. i.) To recall something by means of memory; to remember. Rememoration (n.) A recalling by the faculty of memory; remembrance. Rememorative (a.) Tending or serving to remind. Remenant (n.) A remnant. Remercie (v. t.) Alt. of Remercy Remercy (v. t.) To thank. Remerge (v. i.) To merge again. Remeve (v. t. & i.) Alt. of Remewe Remewe (v. t. & i.) To remove. Remiform (a.) Shaped like an oar. Remiges (n. pl.) The quill feathers of the wings of a bird. Remigrate (v. i.) To migrate again; to go back; to return. Remigration (n.) Migration back to the place from which one came. Remind (v. t.) To put (one) in mind of something; to bring to the remembrance of; to bring to the notice or consideration of (a person). Reminder (n.) One who, or that which, reminds; that which serves to awaken remembrance. Remindful (a.) Tending or adapted to remind; careful to remind. Reminiscence (n.) The act or power of recalling past experience; the state of being reminiscent; remembrance; memory. Reminiscence (n.) That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a statement or narration of remembered experience; a recollection; as, pleasing or painful reminiscences. Reminiscency (n.) Reminiscence. Reminiscent (a.) Recalling to mind, or capable of recalling to mind; having remembrance; reminding one of something. Reminiscent (n.) One who is addicted to indulging, narrating, or recording reminiscences. Reminiscential (a.) Of or pertaining to reminiscence, or remembrance. Remiped (a.) Having feet or legs that are used as oars; -- said of certain crustaceans and insects. Remiped (n.) An animal having limbs like oars, especially one of certain crustaceans. Remiped (n.) One of a group of aquatic beetles having tarsi adapted for swimming. See Water beetle. Remised (imp. & p. p.) of Remise Remising (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remise Remise (v. t.) To send, give, or grant back; to release a claim to; to resign or surrender by deed; to return. Remise (n.) A giving or granting back; surrender; return; release, as of a claim. Remiss (a.) Not energetic or exact in duty or business; not careful or prompt in fulfilling engagements; negligent; careless; tardy; behindhand; lagging; slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity; languid; slow. Remiss (n.) The act of being remiss; inefficiency; failure. Remissful (a.) Inclined to remit punishment; lenient; clement. Remissibility (n.) The state or quality of being remissible. Remissible (a.) Capable of being remitted or forgiven. Remission (n.) The act of remitting, surrendering, resigning, or giving up. Remission (n.) Discharge from that which is due; relinquishment of a claim, right, or obligation; pardon of transgression; release from forfeiture, penalty, debt, etc. Remission (n.) Diminution of intensity; abatement; relaxation. Remission (n.) A temporary and incomplete subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain, as destinguished from intermission, in which the disease completely leaves the patient for a time; abatement. Remission (n.) The act of sending back. Remission (n.) Act of sending in payment, as money; remittance. Remissive (a.) Remitting; forgiving; abating. Remissly (adv.) In a remiss or negligent manner; carelessly. Remissness (n.) Quality or state of being remiss. Remissory (a.) Serving or tending to remit, or to secure remission; remissive. Remitted (imp. & p. p.) of Remit Remitting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remit Remit (v. t.) To send back; to give up; to surrender; to resign. Remit (v. t.) To restore. Remit (v. t.) To transmit or send, esp. to a distance, as money in payment of a demand, account, draft, etc.; as, he remitted the amount by mail. Remit (v. t.) To send off or away; hence: (a) To refer or direct (one) for information, guidance, help, etc. "Remitting them . . . to the works of Galen." Sir T. Elyot. (b) To submit, refer, or leave (something) for judgment or decision. Remit (v. t.) To relax in intensity; to make less violent; to abate. Remit (v. t.) To forgive; to pardon; to remove. Remit (v. t.) To refrain from exacting or enforcing; as, to remit the performance of an obligation. Remit (v. i.) To abate in force or in violence; to grow less intense; to become moderated; to abate; to relax; as, a fever remits; the severity of the weather remits. Remit (v. i.) To send money, as in payment. Remitment (n.) The act of remitting, or the state of being remitted; remission. Remittal (n.) A remitting; a giving up; surrender; as, the remittal of the first fruits. Remittance (n.) The act of transmitting money, bills, or the like, esp. to a distant place, as in satisfaction of a demand, or in discharge of an obligation. Remittance (n.) The sum or thing remitted. Remittee (n.) One to whom a remittance is sent. Remittent (a.) Remitting; characterized by remission; having remissions. Remitter (n.) One who remits. Remitter (n.) One who pardons. Remitter (n.) One who makes remittance. Remitter (n.) The sending or placing back of a person to a title or right he had before; the restitution of one who obtains possession of property under a defective title, to his rights under some valid title by virtue of which he might legally have entered into possession only by suit. Remittitur (n.) A remission or surrender, -- remittitur damnut being a remission of excess of damages. Remittitur (n.) A sending back, as when a record is remitted by a superior to an inferior court. Remittor (n.) One who makes a remittance; a remitter. Remix (v. t.) To mix again or repeatedly. Remnant (a.) Remaining; yet left. Remnant (a.) That which remains after a part is removed, destroyed, used up, performed, etc.; residue. Remnant (a.) A small portion; a slight trace; a fragment; a little bit; a scrap. Remnant (a.) An unsold end of piece goods, as cloth, ribbons, carpets, etc. Remodel (v. t.) To model or fashion anew; to change the form of. Remodification (n.) The act of remodifying; the state of being remodified. Remodify (v. t.) To modify again or anew; to reshape. Remolade (n.) Alt. of Remoulad Remoulad (n.) A kind of piquant sauce or salad dressing resembling mayonnaise. Remold (v. t.) Alt. of Remould Remould (v. t.) To mold or shape anew or again; to reshape. Remollient (a.) Mollifying; softening. Remonetization (n.) The act of remonetizing. Remonetize (v. t.) To restore to use as money; as, to remonetize silver. Remonstrance (n.) The act of remonstrating Remonstrance (n.) A pointing out; manifestation; proof; demonstration. Remonstrance (n.) Earnest presentation of reason in opposition to something; protest; expostulation. Remonstrance (n.) Same as Monstrance. Remonstrant (a.) Inclined or tending to remonstrate; expostulatory; urging reasons in opposition to something. Remonstrant (n.) One who remonstrates Remonstrant (n.) one of the Arminians who remonstrated against the attacks of the Calvinists in 1610, but were subsequently condemned by the decisions of the Synod of Dort in 1618. See Arminian. Remonstrantly (adv.) In a remonstrant manner. Remonstrated (imp. & p. p.) of Remonstrate Remonstrating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remonstrate Remonstrate (v. t.) To point out; to show clearly; to make plain or manifest; hence, to prove; to demonstrate. Remonstrate (v. i.) To present and urge reasons in opposition to an act, measure, or any course of proceedings; to expostulate; as, to remonstrate with a person regarding his habits; to remonstrate against proposed taxation. Remonstration (n.) The act of remonstrating; remonstrance. Remonstrative (a.) Having the character of a remonstrance; expressing remonstrance. Remonstrator (n.) One who remonstrates; a remonsrant. Remontant (a.) Rising again; -- applied to a class of roses which bloom more than once in a season; the hybrid perpetual roses, of which the Jacqueminot is a well-known example. Remontoir (n.) See under Escapement. Remora (n.) Delay; obstacle; hindrance. Remora (n.) Any one of several species of fishes belonging to Echeneis, Remora, and allied genera. Called also sucking fish. Remora (n.) An instrument formerly in use, intended to retain parts in their places. Remorate (v. t.) To hinder; to delay. Remord (v. t.) To excite to remorse; to rebuke. Remord (v. i.) To feel remorse. Remordency (n.) Remorse; compunction; compassion. Remorse (n.) The anguish, like gnawing pain, excited by a sense of guilt; compunction of conscience for a crime committed, or for the sins of one's past life. Remorse (n.) Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion. Remorsed (a.) Feeling remorse. Remorseful (a.) Full of remorse. Remorseful (a.) Compassionate; feeling tenderly. Remorseful (a.) Exciting pity; pitiable. Remorseless (a.) Being without remorse; having no pity; hence, destitute of sensibility; cruel; insensible to distress; merciless. Remote (superl.) Removed to a distance; not near; far away; distant; -- said in respect to time or to place; as, remote ages; remote lands. Remote (superl.) Hence, removed; not agreeing, according, or being related; -- in various figurative uses. Remote (superl.) Not agreeing; alien; foreign. Remote (superl.) Not nearly related; not close; as, a remote connection or consanguinity. Remote (superl.) Separate; abstracted. Remote (superl.) Not proximate or acting directly; primary; distant. Remote (superl.) Not obvious or sriking; as, a remote resemblance. Remote (superl.) Separated by intervals greater than usual. Remotion (n.) The act of removing; removal. Remotion (n.) The state of being remote; remoteness. Remould (v. t.) See Remold. Remount (v. t. & i.) To mount again. Remount (n.) The opportunity of, or things necessary for, remounting; specifically, a fresh horse, with his equipments; as, to give one a remount. Removable (a.) Admitting of being removed. Removal (n.) The act of removing, or the state of being removed. Removed (imp. & p. p.) of Remove Removing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remove Remove (v. t.) To move away from the position occupied; to cause to change place; to displace; as, to remove a building. Remove (v. t.) To cause to leave a person or thing; to cause to cease to be; to take away; hence, to banish; to destroy; to put an end to; to kill; as, to remove a disease. Remove (v. t.) To dismiss or discharge from office; as, the President removed many postmasters. Remove (v. i.) To change place in any manner, or to make a change in place; to move or go from one residence, position, or place to another. Remove (n.) The act of removing; a removal. Remove (n.) The transfer of one's business, or of one's domestic belongings, from one location or dwelling house to another; -- in the United States usually called a move. Remove (n.) The state of being removed. Remove (n.) That which is removed, as a dish removed from table to make room for something else. Remove (n.) The distance or space through which anything is removed; interval; distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in any scale of gradation; specifically, a division in an English public school; as, the boy went up two removes last year. Remove (n.) The act of resetting a horse's shoe. Removed (a.) Changed in place. Removed (a.) Dismissed from office. Removed (a.) Distant in location; remote. Removed (a.) Distant by degrees in relationship; as, a cousin once removed. Remover (n.) One who removes; as, a remover of landmarks. Remuable (a.) That may be removed; removable. Remue (v. t.) To remove. Remugient (a.) Rebellowing. Remunerable (a.) Admitting, or worthy, of remuneration. Remunerated (imp. & p. p.) of Remunerate Remunerating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remunerate Remunerate (v. t.) To pay an equivalent to for any service, loss, expense, or other sacrifice; to recompense; to requite; as, to remunerate men for labor. Remuneration (n.) The act of remunerating. Remuneration (n.) That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent given, as for services, loss, or sufferings. Remunerative (a.) Affording remuneration; as, a remunerative payment for services; a remunerative business. Remuneratory (a.) Remunerative. Remurmur (v. t. & i.) To murmur again; to utter back, or reply, in murmurs. Ren (v. t. & i.) See Renne. Ren (n.) A run. Renable (a.) Reasonable; also, loquacious. Renaissance (n.) A new birth, or revival. Renaissance (n.) The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival following in other countries. Renaissance (n.) The style of art which prevailed at this epoch. Renaissant (a.) Of or pertaining to the Renaissance. Renal (a.) Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the region of the kidneys. Renal-portal (a.) Both renal and portal. See Portal. Rename (v. t.) To give a new name to. Renard (n.) A fox; -- so called in fables or familiar tales, and in poetry. Renardine (a.) Of or pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales in which Renard is mentioned. Renascence (n.) The state of being renascent. Renascence (n.) Same as Renaissance. Renascency (n.) State of being renascent. Renascent (a.) Springing or rising again into being; being born again, or reproduced. Renascent (a.) See Renaissant. Renascible (a.) Capable of being reproduced; ablle to spring again into being. Renate (a.) Born again; regenerate; renewed. Renavigate (v. t.) To navigate again. Renay (v. t.) To deny; to disown. Rencontre (n.) Same as Rencounter, n. Rencountered (imp. & p. p.) of Rencounter Rencountering (p. pr. & vb/ n.) of Rencounter Rencounter (v. t.) To meet unexpectedly; to encounter. Rencounter (v. t.) To attack hand to hand. Rencounter (v. i.) To meet unexpectedly; to encounter in a hostile manner; to come in collision; to skirmish. Rencounter (n.) A meeting of two persons or bodies; a collision; especially, a meeting in opposition or contest; a combat, action, or engagement. Rencounter (n.) A causal combat or action; a sudden contest or fight without premeditation, as between individuals or small parties. Rent (imp. & p. p.) of Rend Rending (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rend Rend (v. t.) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; to burst; as, powder rends a rock in blasting; lightning rends an oak. Rend (v. t.) To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force. Rend (v. i.) To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split. Render (n.) One who rends. Rendered (imp. & p. p.) of Render Rendering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Render Render (v. t.) To return; to pay back; to restore. Render (v. t.) To inflict, as a retribution; to requite. Render (v. t.) To give up; to yield; to surrender. Render (v. t.) Hence, to furnish; to contribute. Render (v. t.) To furnish; to state; to deliver; as, to render an account; to render judgment. Render (v. t.) To cause to be, or to become; as, to render a person more safe or more unsafe; to render a fortress secure. Render (v. t.) To translate from one language into another; as, to render Latin into English. Render (v. t.) To interpret; to set forth, represent, or exhibit; as, an actor renders his part poorly; a singer renders a passage of music with great effect; a painter renders a scene in a felicitous manner. Render (v. t.) To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.) from fatty animal substances; as, to render tallow. Render (v. t.) To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the use of lath. Render (v. i.) To give an account; to make explanation or confession. Render (v. i.) To pass; to run; -- said of the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.; as, a rope renders well, that is, passes freely; also, to yield or give way. Render (n.) A surrender. Render (n.) A return; a payment of rent. Render (n.) An account given; a statement. Renderable (a.) Capable of being rendered. Renderer (n.) One who renders. Renderer (n.) A vessel in which lard or tallow, etc., is rendered. Rendering (n.) The act of one who renders, or that which is rendered. Rendering (n.) A version; translation; as, the rendering of the Hebrew text. Rendering (n.) In art, the presentation, expression, or interpretation of an idea, theme, or part. Rendering (n.) The act of laying the first coat of plaster on brickwork or stonework. Rendering (n.) The coat of plaster thus laid on. Rendering (n.) The process of trying out or extracting lard, tallow, etc., from animal fat. Rendezvouses (pl. ) of Rendezvous Rendezvous (n.) A place appointed for a meeting, or at which persons customarily meet. Rendezvous (n.) Especially, the appointed place for troops, or for the ships of a fleet, to assemble; also, a place for enlistment. Rendezvous (n.) A meeting by appointment. Rendezvous (n.) Retreat; refuge. Rendezvoused (imp. &. p. p.) of Rendezvous Rendezvousing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rendezvous Rendezvous (v. i.) To assemble or meet at a particular place. Rendezvous (v. t.) To bring together at a certain place; to cause to be assembled. Rendible (a.) Capable of being rent or torn. Rendible (a.) Capable, or admitting, of being rendered. Rendition (n.) The act of rendering; especially, the act of surrender, as of fugitives from justice, at the claim of a foreign government; also, surrender in war. Rendition (n.) Translation; rendering; version. Rendrock (n.) A kind of dynamite used in blasting. Renegade (n.) One faithless to principle or party. Renegade (n.) An apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious faith. Renegade (n.) One who deserts from a military or naval post; a deserter. Renegade (n.) A common vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow. Renegado (n.) See Renegade. Renegat (n.) A renegade. Renegation (n.) A denial. Renege (v. t.) To deny; to disown. Renege (v. i.) To deny. Renege (v. i.) To revoke. Renerve (v. t.) To nerve again; to give new vigor to; to reinvigorate. Reneved (imp. & p. p.) of Renew Renewing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Renew Renew (v. t.) To make new again; to restore to freshness, perfection, or vigor; to give new life to; to rejuvenate; to re/stablish; to recreate; to rebuild. Renew (v. t.) Specifically, to substitute for (an old obligation or right) a new one of the same nature; to continue in force; to make again; as, to renew a lease, note, or patent. Renew (v. t.) To begin again; to recommence. Renew (v. t.) To repeat; to go over again. Renew (v. t.) To make new spiritually; to regenerate. Renew (v. i.) To become new, or as new; to grow or begin again. Renewability (n.) The quality or state of being renewable. Renewable (a.) Capable of being renewed; as, a lease renewable at pleasure. Renewal (n.) The act of renewing, or the state of being renewed; as, the renewal of a treaty. Renewedly (adv.) Again; once more. Renewedness (n.) The state of being renewed. Renewer (n.) One who, or that which, renews. Reneye (v. t.) To deny; to reject; to renounce. Reng (n.) A rank; a row. Reng (n.) A rung or round of a ladder. Renidification (n.) The act of rebuilding a nest. Reniform (a.) Having the form or shape of a kidney; as, a reniform mineral; a reniform leaf. Renitence (n.) Alt. of Renitency Renitency (n.) The state or quality of being renitent; resistance; reluctance. Renitent (a.) Resisting pressure or the effect of it; acting against impulse by elastic force. Renitent (a.) Persistently opposed. Renne (v. t.) To plunder; -- only in the phrase "to rape and renne." See under Rap, v. t., to snatch. Renne (v. i.) To run. Renner (n.) A runner. Rennet (n.) A name of many different kinds of apples. Cf. Reinette. Rennet (v.) The inner, or mucous, membrane of the fourth stomach of the calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or preparation of it, used for coagulating milk. Renneted (a.) Provided or treated with rennet. Renneting (n.) Same as 1st Rennet. Rennin (n.) A milk-clotting enzyme obtained from the true stomach (abomasum) of a suckling calf. Mol. wt. about 31,000. Also called chymosin, rennase, and abomasal enzyme. Renning (n.) See 2d Rennet. Renomee (n.) Renown. Renounced (imp. & p. p.) of Renounce Renouncing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Renounce Renounce (v. t.) To declare against; to reject or decline formally; to refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to one; to disclaim; as, to renounce a title to land or to a throne. Renounce (v. t.) To cast off or reject deliberately; to disown; to dismiss; to forswear. Renounce (v. t.) To disclaim having a card of (the suit led) by playing a card of another suit. Renounce (v. i.) To make renunciation. Renounce (v. i.) To decline formally, as an executor or a person entitled to letters of administration, to take out probate or letters. Renounce (n.) Act of renouncing. Renouncement (n.) The act of disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation. Renouncer (n.) One who renounces. Renovate (v. t.) To make over again; to restore to freshness or vigor; to renew. Renovation (n.) The act or process of renovating; the state of being renovated or renewed. Renovator (n.) One who, or that which, renovates. Renovel (v. t.) To renew; to renovate. Renovelance (n.) Renewal. Renowme (n.) Renown. Renowmed (a.) Renowned. Renown (v.) The state of being much known and talked of; exalted reputation derived from the extensive praise of great achievements or accomplishments; fame; celebrity; -- always in a good sense. Renown (v.) Report of nobleness or exploits; praise. Renown (v. t.) To make famous; to give renown to. Renowned (a.) Famous; celebrated for great achievements, for distinguished qualities, or for grandeur; eminent; as, a renowned king. Renownedly (adv.) With renown. Renowner (n.) One who gives renown. Renownful (a.) Having great renown; famous. Renownless (a.) Without renown; inglorius. Rensselaerite (n.) A soft, compact variety of talc,, being an altered pyroxene. It is often worked in a lathe into inkstands and other articles. Rent (v. i.) To rant. Rent () imp. & p. p. of Rend. Rent (n.) An opening made by rending; a break or breach made by force; a tear. Rent (n.) Figuratively, a schism; a rupture of harmony; a separation; as, a rent in the church. Rent (v. t.) To tear. See Rend. Rent (n.) Income; revenue. See Catel. Rent (n.) Pay; reward; share; toll. Rent (n.) A certain periodical profit, whether in money, provisions, chattels, or labor, issuing out of lands and tenements in payment for the use; commonly, a certain pecuniary sum agreed upon between a tenant and his landlord, paid at fixed intervals by the lessee to the lessor, for the use of land or its appendages; as, rent for a farm, a house, a park, etc. Rented (imp. & p. p.) of Rent Renting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rent Rent (n.) To grant the possession and enjoyment of, for a rent; to lease; as, the owwner of an estate or house rents it. Rent (n.) To take and hold under an agreement to pay rent; as, the tennant rents an estate of the owner. Rent (v. i.) To be leased, or let for rent; as, an estate rents for five hundred dollars a year. Rentable (a.) Capable of being rented, or suitable for renting. Rentage (n.) Rent. Rental (n.) A schedule, account, or list of rents, with the names of the tenants, etc.; a rent roll. Rental (n.) A sum total of rents; as, an estate that yields a rental of ten thousand dollars a year. Rente (n.) In France, interest payable by government on indebtedness; the bonds, shares, stocks, etc., which represent government indebtedness. Renter (n.) One who rents or leases an estate; -- usually said of a lessee or tenant. Rentered (imp. & p. p.) of Renter Rentering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Renter Renter (v. t.) To sew together so that the seam is scarcely visible; to sew up with skill and nicety; to finedraw. Renter (v. t.) To restore the original design of, by working in new warp; -- said with reference to tapestry. Renterer (n.) One who renters. Rentier (n.) One who has a fixed income, as from lands, stocks, or the like. Renumerate (v. t.) To recount. Renunciation (n.) The act of renouncing. Renunciation (n.) Formal declination to take out letters of administration, or to assume an office, privilege, or right. Renunciatory (a.) Pertaining to renunciation; containing or declaring a renunciation; as, renunciatory vows. Renverse (v. t.) To reverse. Renverse (a.) Alt. of Renverse Renverse (a.) Reversed; set with the head downward; turned contrary to the natural position. Renversement (n.) A reversing. Renvoy (v. t.) To send back. Renvoy (n.) A sending back. Reobtain (v. t.) To obtain again. Reobtainable (a.) That may be reobtained. Reoccupy (v. t.) To occupy again. Reometer (n.) Same as Rheometer. Reopen (v. t. & i.) To open again. Reoppose (v. t.) To oppose again. Reordain (v. t.) To ordain again, as when the first ordination is considered defective. Reorder (v. t.) To order a second time. Reordination (n.) A second ordination. Reorganization (n.) The act of reorganizing; a reorganized existence; as, reorganization of the troops. Reorganize (v. t. & i.) To organize again or anew; as, to reorganize a society or an army. Reorient (a.) Rising again. Reostat (n.) See Rheostat. Reotrope (n.) See Rheotrope. Rep (n.) A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and having a transversely corded or ribbed surface. Rep (a.) Formed with a surface closely corded, or ribbed transversely; -- applied to textile fabrics of silk or wool; as, rep silk. Repace (v. t.) To pace again; to walk over again in a contrary direction. Repacify (v. t.) To pacify again. Repack (v. t.) To pack a second time or anew; as, to repack beef; to repack a trunk. Repacker (n.) One who repacks. Repaganize (v. t.) To paganize anew; to bring back to paganism. Repaid () imp. & p. p. of Repay. Repaint (v. t.) To paint anew or again; as, to repaint a house; to repaint the ground of a picture. Repair (v. i.) To return. Repair (v. i.) To go; to betake one's self; to resort; ass, to repair to sanctuary for safety. Repair (n.) The act of repairing or resorting to a place. Repair (n.) Place to which one repairs; a haunt; a resort. Repaired (imp. & p. p.) of Repair Repairing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repair Repair (v. t.) To restore to a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation, or partial destruction; to renew; to restore; to mend; as, to repair a house, a road, a shoe, or a ship; to repair a shattered fortune. Repair (v. t.) To make amends for, as for an injury, by an equivalent; to indemnify for; as, to repair a loss or damage. Repair (n.) Restoration to a sound or good state after decay, waste, injury, or partial restruction; supply of loss; reparation; as, materials are collected for the repair of a church or of a city. Repair (n.) Condition with respect to soundness, perfectness, etc.; as, a house in good, or bad, repair; the book is out of repair. Repairable (a.) Reparable. Repairer (n.) One who, or that which, repairs, restores, or makes amends. Repairment (n.) Act of repairing. Repand (a.) Having a slightly undulating margin; -- said of leaves. Reparability (n.) The quality or state of being reparable. Reparable (a.) Capable of being repaired, restored to a sound or good state, or made good; restorable; as, a reparable injury. Reparably (adv.) In a reparable manner. Reparation (n.) The act of renewing, restoring, etc., or the state of being renewed or repaired; as, the reparation of a bridge or of a highway; -- in this sense, repair is oftener used. Reparation (n.) The act of making amends or giving satisfaction or compensation for a wrong, injury, etc.; also, the thing done or given; amends; satisfaction; indemnity. Reparative (a.) Repairing, or tending to repair. Reparative (n.) That which repairs. Reparel (n.) A change of apparel; a second or different suit. Repartee (n.) A smart, ready, and witty reply. Reparteed (imp. & p. p.) of Repartee Reparteeing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repartee Repartee (v. i.) To make smart and witty replies. Repartimiento (n.) A partition or distribution, especially of slaves; also, an assessment of taxes. Repartotion (n.) Another, or an additional, separation into parts. Repass (v. t.) To pass again; to pass or travel over in the opposite direction; to pass a second time; as, to repass a bridge or a river; to repass the sea. Repass (v. i.) To pass or go back; to move back; as, troops passing and repassing before our eyes. Repassage (n.) The act of repassing; passage back. Repassant (a.) Counterpassant. Repast (n.) The act of taking food. Repast (n.) That which is taken as food; a meal; figuratively, any refreshment. Repast (v. t. & i.) To supply food to; to feast; to take food. Repaster (n.) One who takes a repast. Repasture (n.) Food; entertainment. Repatriate (v. t.) To restore to one's own country. Repatriation (n.) Restoration to one's country. Repaid (imp. & p. p.) of Repay Repaying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repay Repay (v. t.) To pay back; to refund; as, to repay money borrowed or advanced. Repay (v. t.) To make return or requital for; to recompense; -- in a good or bad sense; as, to repay kindness; to repay an injury. Repay (v. t.) To pay anew, or a second time, as a debt. Repayable (a.) Capable of being, or proper to be , repaid; due; as, a loan repayable in ten days; services repayable in kind. Repayment (n.) The act of repaying; reimbursement. Repayment (n.) The money or other thing repaid. Repealed (imp. & p. p.) of Repeal Repealing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repeal Repeal (v. t.) To recall; to summon again, as persons. Repeal (v. t.) To recall, as a deed, will, law, or statute; to revoke; to rescind or abrogate by authority, as by act of the legislature; as, to repeal a law. Repeal (v. t.) To suppress; to repel. Repeal (n.) Recall, as from exile. Repeal (n.) Revocation; abrogation; as, the repeal of a statute; the repeal of a law or a usage. Repealability (n.) The quality or state of being repealable. Repealable (a.) Capable of being repealed. Repealer (n.) One who repeals; one who seeks a repeal; specifically, an advocate for the repeal of the Articles of Union between Great Britain and Ireland. Repealment (n.) Recall, as from banishment. Repeated (imp. & p. p.) of Repeat Repeating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repeat Repeat (v. t.) To go over again; to attempt, do, make, or utter again; to iterate; to recite; as, to repeat an effort, an order, or a poem. Repeat (v. t.) To make trial of again; to undergo or encounter again. Repeat (v. t.) To repay or refund (an excess received). Repeat (n.) The act of repeating; repetition. Repeat (n.) That which is repeated; as, the repeat of a pattern; that is, the repetition of the engraved figure on a roller by which an impression is produced (as in calico printing, etc.). Repeat (n.) A mark, or series of dots, placed before and after, or often only at the end of, a passage to be repeated in performance. Repeatedly (adv.) More than once; again and again; indefinitely. Repeater (n.) One who, or that which, repeats. Repeater (n.) A watch with a striking apparatus which, upon pressure of a spring, will indicate the time, usually in hours and quarters. Repeater (n.) A repeating firearm. Repeater (n.) An instrument for resending a telegraphic message automatically at an intermediate point. Repeater (n.) A person who votes more than once at an election. Repeater (n.) See Circulating decimal, under Decimal. Repeater (n.) A pennant used to indicate that a certain flag in a hoist of signal is duplicated. Repeating (a.) Doing the same thing over again; accomplishing a given result many times in succession; as, a repeating firearm; a repeating watch. Repedation (n.) A stepping or going back. Repelled (imp. & p. p.) of Repel Repelling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repel Repel (v. t.) To drive back; to force to return; to check the advance of; to repulse as, to repel an enemy or an assailant. Repel (v. t.) To resist or oppose effectually; as, to repel an assault, an encroachment, or an argument. Repel (v. i.) To act with force in opposition to force impressed; to exercise repulsion. Repellence (n.) Alt. of Repellency Repellency (n.) The principle of repulsion; the quality or capacity of repelling; repulsion. Repellent (a.) Driving back; able or tending to repel. Repellent (n.) That which repels. Repellent (n.) A remedy to repel from a tumefied part the fluids which render it tumid. Repellent (n.) A kind of waterproof cloth. Repeller (n.) One who, or that which, repels. Repent (a.) Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems. Repent (a.) Same as Reptant. Repented (imp. & p. p.) of Repent Repenting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repent Repent (v. i.) To feel pain, sorrow, or regret, for what one has done or omitted to do. Repent (v. i.) To change the mind, or the course of conduct, on account of regret or dissatisfaction. Repent (v. i.) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to love and practice sin. Repent (v. t.) To feel pain on account of; to remember with sorrow. Repent (v. t.) To feel regret or sorrow; -- used reflexively. Repent (v. t.) To cause to have sorrow or regret; -- used impersonally. Repentance (n.) The act of repenting, or the state of being penitent; sorrow for what one has done or omitted to do; especially, contrition for sin. Repentant (a.) Penitent; sorry for sin. Repentant (a.) Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; as, repentant tears; repentant ashes. Repentant (n.) One who repents, especially one who repents of sin; a penitent. Repentantly (adv.) In a repentant manner. Repenter (n.) One who repents. Repentingly (adv.) With repentance; penitently. Repentless (a.) Unrepentant. Repeople (v. t.) To people anew. Reperception (n.) The act of perceiving again; a repeated perception of the same object. Repercussed (imp. & p. p.) of Repercuss Repercussing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repercuss Repercuss (v. t.) To drive or beat back; hence, to reflect; to reverberate. Repercussion (n.) The act of driving back, or the state of being driven back; reflection; reverberation; as, the repercussion of sound. Repercussion (n.) Rapid reiteration of the same sound. Repercussion (n.) The subsidence of a tumor or eruption by the action of a repellent. Repercussion (n.) In a vaginal examination, the act of imparting through the uterine wall with the finger a shock to the fetus, so that it bounds upward, and falls back again against the examining finger. Repercussive (a.) Tending or able to repercuss; having the power of sending back; causing to reverberate. Repercussive (a.) Repellent. Repercussive (a.) Driven back; rebounding; reverberated. Repercussive (n.) A repellent. Repertitious (a.) Found; gained by finding. Repertoire (n.) A list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform. Repertory (n.) A place in which things are disposed in an orderly manner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of a book, a commonplace book, or the like. Repertory (n.) A treasury; a magazine; a storehouse. Repertory (n.) Same as Repertoire. Reperusal (n.) A second or repeated perusal. Reperuse (v. t.) To peruse again. Repetend (n.) That part of a circulating decimal which recurs continually, ad infinitum: -- sometimes indicated by a dot over the first and last figures; thus, in the circulating decimal .728328328 + (otherwise .7/8/), the repetend is 283. Repetition (n.) The act of repeating; a doing or saying again; iteration. Repetition (n.) Recital from memory; rehearsal. Repetition (n.) The act of repeating, singing, or playing, the same piece or part a second time; reiteration of a note. Repetition (n.) Reiteration, or repeating the same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience. Repetition (n.) The measurement of an angle by successive observations with a repeating instrument. Repetitional (a.) Alt. of Repetitionary Repetitionary (a.) Of the nature of, or containing, repetition. Repetitioner (n.) One who repeats. Repetitious (a.) Repeating; containing repetition. Repetitive (a.) Containing repetition; repeating. Repetitor (n.) A private instructor. Repine (v. i.) To fail; to wane. Repine (v. i.) To continue pining; to feel inward discontent which preys on the spirits; to indulge in envy or complaint; to murmur. Repine (n.) Vexation; mortification. Repiner (n.) One who repines. Repiningly (adv.) With repening or murmuring. Repkie (n.) Any edible sea urchin. Replace (v. t.) To place again; to restore to a former place, position, condition, or the like. Replace (v. t.) To refund; to repay; to restore; as, to replace a sum of money borrowed. Replace (v. t.) To supply or substitute an equivalent for; as, to replace a lost document. Replace (v. t.) To take the place of; to supply the want of; to fulfull the end or office of. Replace (v. t.) To put in a new or different place. Replaceability (n.) The quality, state, or degree of being replaceable. Replaceable (a.) Capable or admitting of being put back into a place. Replaceable (a.) Admitting of having its place supplied by a like thing or an equivalent; as, the lost book is replaceable. Replaceable (a.) Capable of being replaced (by), or of being exchanged (for); as, the hydrogen of acids is replaceable by metals or by basic radicals. Replacement (n.) The act of replacing. Replacement (n.) The removal of an edge or an angle by one or more planes. Replait (v. t.) To plait or fold again; to fold, as one part over another, again and again. Replant (v. t.) To plant again. Replantable (a.) That may be planted again. Replantation (n.) The act of planting again; a replanting. Replead (v. t. & i.) To plead again. Repleader (n.) A second pleading, or course of pleadings; also, the right of pleading again. Replenished (imp. & p. p.) of Replenish Replenishing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Replenish Replenish (v. t.) To fill again after having been diminished or emptied; to stock anew; hence, to fill completely; to cause to abound. Replenish (v. t.) To finish; to complete; to perfect. Replenish (v. i.) To recover former fullness. Replenisher (n.) One who replenishes. Replenishment (n.) The act of replenishing, or the state of being replenished. Replenishment (n.) That which replenishes; supply. Replete (a.) Filled again; completely filled; full; charged; abounding. Replete (v. t.) To fill completely, or to satiety. Repleteness (n.) The state of being replete. Repletion (n.) The state of being replete; superabundant fullness. Repletion (n.) Fullness of blood; plethora. Repletive (a.) Tending to make replete; filling. Repletory (a.) Repletive. Repleviable (a.) Capable of being replevied. Replevin (n.) A personal action which lies to recover possession of goods and chattle wrongfully taken or detained. Originally, it was a remedy peculiar to cases for wrongful distress, but it may generally now be brought in all cases of wrongful taking or detention. Replevin (n.) The writ by which goods and chattels are replevied. Replevin (v. t.) To replevy. Replevisable (a.) Repleviable. Replevied (imp. & p. p.) of Replevy Replevying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Replevy Replevy (v. t.) To take or get back, by a writ for that purpose (goods and chattels wrongfully taken or detained), upon giving security to try the right to them in a suit at law, and, if that should be determined against the plaintiff, to return the property replevied. Replevy (v. t.) To bail. Replevy (n.) Replevin. Replica (v. & n.) A copy of a work of art, as of a picture or statue, made by the maker of the original. Replica (v. & n.) Repetition. Replicant (n.) One who replies. Replicate (v. t.) To reply. Replicate (a.) Alt. of Replicated Replicated (a.) Folded over or backward; folded back upon itself; as, a replicate leaf or petal; a replicate margin of a shell. Replication (n.) An answer; a reply. Replication (n.) The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the defendant's plea. Replication (n.) Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo. Replication (n.) A repetition; a copy. Replier (n.) One who replies. Replum (n.) The framework of some pods, as the cress, which remains after the valves drop off. Replied (imp. & p. p.) of Reply Replying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reply Reply (v. i.) To make a return in words or writing; to respond; to answer. Reply (v. i.) To answer a defendant's plea. Reply (v. i.) Figuratively, to do something in return for something done; as, to reply to a signal; to reply to the fire of a battery. Reply (v. t.) To return for an answer. Replies (pl. ) of Reply Reply (v. i.) That which is said, written, or done in answer to what is said, written, or done by another; an answer; a response. Replyer (n.) See Replier. Repolish (v. t.) To polish again. Repone (v. t.) To replace. Repopulation (n.) The act of repeopling; act of furnishing with a population anew. Reported (imp. & p. p.) of Report Report (v. t.) To refer. Report (v. t.) To bring back, as an answer; to announce in return; to relate, as what has been discovered by a person sent to examine, explore, or investigate; as, a messenger reports to his employer what he has seen or ascertained; the committee reported progress. Report (v. t.) To give an account of; to relate; to tell; to circulate publicly, as a story; as, in the common phrase, it is reported. Report (v. t.) To give an official account or statement of; as, a treasurer reports the receipts and expenditures. Report (v. t.) To return or repeat, as sound; to echo. Report (v. t.) To return or present as the result of an examination or consideration of any matter officially referred; as, the committee reported the bill witth amendments, or reported a new bill, or reported the results of an inquiry. Report (v. t.) To make minutes of, as a speech, or the doings of a public body; to write down from the lips of a speaker. Report (v. t.) To write an account of for publication, as in a newspaper; as, to report a public celebration or a horse race. Report (v. t.) To make a statement of the conduct of, especially in an unfavorable sense; as, to report a servant to his employer. Report (v. i.) To make a report, or response, in respect of a matter inquired of, a duty enjoined, or information expected; as, the committee will report at twelve o'clock. Report (v. i.) To furnish in writing an account of a speech, the proceedings at a meeting, the particulars of an occurrence, etc., for publication. Report (v. i.) To present one's self, as to a superior officer, or to one to whom service is due, and to be in readiness for orders or to do service; also, to give information, as of one's address, condition, etc.; as, the officer reported to the general for duty; to report weekly by letter. Report (v. t.) That which is reported. Report (v. t.) An account or statement of the results of examination or inquiry made by request or direction; relation. Report (v. t.) A story or statement circulating by common talk; a rumor; hence, fame; repute; reputation. Report (v. t.) Sound; noise; as, the report of a pistol or cannon. Report (v. t.) An official statement of facts, verbal or written; especially, a statement in writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to his superiors; as, the reports of the heads af departments to Congress, of a master in chancery to the court, of committees to a legislative body, and the like. Report (v. t.) An account or statement of a judicial opinion or decision, or of case argued and determined in a court of law, chancery, etc.; also, in the plural, the volumes containing such reports; as, Coke's Reports. Report (v. t.) A sketch, or a fully written account, of a speech, debate, or the proceedings of a public meeting, legislative body, etc. Report (v. t.) Rapport; relation; connection; reference. Reportable (a.) Capable or admitting of being reported. Reportage (n.) SAme as Report. Reporter (n.) One who reports. Reporter (n.) An officer or person who makes authorized statements of law proceedings and decisions, or of legislative debates. Reporter (n.) One who reports speeches, the proceedings of public meetings, news, etc., for the newspapers. Reportingly (adv.) By report or common fame. Reportorial (a.) Of or pertaining to a reporter or reporters; as, the reportorial staff of a newspaper. Reposal (n.) The act or state of reposing; as, the reposal of a trust. Reposal (n.) That on which one reposes. Reposance (n.) Reliance. Reposed (imp. & p. p.) of Repose Reposing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repose Repose (v.) To cause to stop or to rest after motion; hence, to deposit; to lay down; to lodge; to reposit. Repose (v.) To lay at rest; to cause to be calm or quiet; to compose; to rest, -- often reflexive; as, to repose one's self on a couch. Repose (v.) To place, have, or rest; to set; to intrust. Repose (v. i.) To lie at rest; to rest. Repose (v. i.) Figuratively, to remain or abide restfully without anxiety or alarms. Repose (v. i.) To lie; to be supported; as, trap reposing on sand. Repose (v.) A lying at rest; sleep; rest; quiet. Repose (v.) Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from uneasiness; also, a composed manner or deportment. Repose (v.) A rest; a pause. Repose (v.) That harmony or moderation which affords rest for the eye; -- opposed to the scattering and division of a subject into too many unconnected parts, and also to anything which is overstrained; as, a painting may want repose. Reposed (a.) Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest. Reposeful (a.) Full of repose; quiet. Reposer (n.) One who reposes. Reposited (imp. & p. p.) of Reposit Repositing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reposit Reposit (v. t.) To cause to rest or stay; to lay away; to lodge, as for safety or preservation; to place; to store. Reposition (n.) The act of repositing; a laying up. Repositor (n.) An instrument employed for replacing a displaced organ or part. Repository (n.) A place where things are or may be reposited, or laid up, for safety or preservation; a depository. Repossess (v. t.) To possess again; as, to repossess the land. Repossession (n.) The act or the state of possessing again. Reposure (n.) Rest; quiet. Repour (v. t.) To pour again. Repousse (a.) Formed in relief, as a pattern on metal. Repousse (a.) Ornamented with patterns in relief made by pressing or hammering on the reverse side; -- said of thin metal, or of a vessel made of thin metal. Repousse (n.) Repousse work. Reprefe (n.) Reproof. Reprehended (imp. & p. p.) of Reprehend Reprehending (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprehend Reprehend (v. t.) To reprove or reprimand with a view of restraining, checking, or preventing; to make charge of fault against; to disapprove of; to chide; to blame; to censure. Reprehender (n.) One who reprehends. Reprehensible (a.) Worthy of reprehension; culpable; censurable; blamable. Reprehension (n.) Reproof; censure; blame; disapproval. Reprehensive (a.) Containing reprehension; conveying reproof. Reprehensory (a.) Containing reproof; reprehensive; as, reprehensory complaint. Re-present (v. t.) To present again; as, to re-present the points of an argument. Represent (v. t.) To present again or anew; to present by means of something standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to typify. Represent (v. t.) To portray by pictoral or plastic art; to delineate; as, to represent a landscape in a picture, a horse in bronze, and the like. Represent (v. t.) To portray by mimicry or action of any kind; to act the part or character of; to personate; as, to represent Hamlet. Represent (v. t.) To stand in the place of; to supply the place, perform the duties, exercise the rights, or receive the share, of; to speak and act with authority in behalf of; to act the part of (another); as, an heir represents his ancestor; an attorney represents his client in court; a member of Congress represents his district in Congress. Represent (v. t.) To exhibit to another mind in language; to show; to give one's own impressions and judgement of; to bring before the mind; to set forth; sometimes, to give an account of; to describe. Represent (v. t.) To serve as a sign or symbol of; as, mathematical symbols represent quantities or relations; words represent ideas or things. Represent (v. t.) To bring a sensation of into the mind or sensorium; to cause to be known, felt, or apprehended; to present. Represent (v. t.) To form or image again in consciousness, as an object of cognition or apprehension (something which was originally apprehended by direct presentation). See Presentative, 3. Representable (a.) Capable of being represented. Representance (n.) Representation; likeness. Representant (a.) Appearing or acting for another; representing. Representant (n.) A representative. Representation (n.) The act of representing, in any sense of the verb. Representation (n.) That which represents. Representation (n.) A likeness, a picture, or a model; as, a representation of the human face, or figure, and the like. Representation (n.) A dramatic performance; as, a theatrical representation; a representation of Hamlet. Representation (n.) A description or statement; as, the representation of an historian, of a witness, or an advocate. Representation (n.) The body of those who act as representatives of a community or society; as, the representation of a State in Congress. Representation (n.) Any collateral statement of fact, made orally or in writing, by which an estimate of the risk is affected, or either party is influenced. Representation (n.) The state of being represented. Re-presentation (n.) The act of re-presenting, or the state of being presented again; a new presentation; as, re-presentation of facts previously stated. Representationary (a.) Implying representation; representative. Representative (a.) Fitted to represent; exhibiting a similitude. Representative (a.) Bearing the character or power of another; acting for another or others; as, a council representative of the people. Representative (a.) Conducted by persons chosen to represent, or act as deputies for, the people; as, a representative government. Representative (a.) Serving or fitted to present the full characters of the type of a group; typical; as, a representative genus in a family. Representative (a.) Similar in general appearance, structure, and habits, but living in different regions; -- said of certain species and varieties. Representative (a.) Giving, or existing as, a transcript of what was originally presentative knowledge; as, representative faculties; representative knowledge. See Presentative, 3 and Represent, 8. Representative (n.) One who, or that which, represents (anything); that which exhibits a likeness or similitude. Representative (n.) An agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies the place of another, or others, being invested with his or their authority. Representative (n.) One who represents, or stands in the place of, another. Representative (n.) A member of the lower or popular house in a State legislature, or in the national Congress. Representative (n.) That which presents the full character of the type of a group. Representative (n.) A species or variety which, in any region, takes the place of a similar one in another region. Representatively (adv.) In a representative manner; vicariously. Representativeness (n.) The quality or state of being representative. Representer (n.) One who shows, exhibits, or describes. Representer (n.) A representative. Representment (n.) Representation. Repress (v. t.) To press again. Repress (v. t.) To press back or down effectually; to crush down or out; to quell; to subdue; to supress; as, to repress sedition or rebellion; to repress the first risings of discontent. Repress (v. t.) Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep back. Repress (n.) The act of repressing. Represser (n.) One who, or that which, represses. Repressible (a.) Capable of being repressed. Repression (n.) The act of repressing, or state of being repressed; as, the repression of evil and evil doers. Repression (n.) That which represses; check; restraint. Repressive (a.) Having power, or tending, to repress; as, repressive acts or measures. Reprevable (a.) Reprovable. Repreve (v. t.) To reprove. Repreve (n.) Reproof. Repriefe (n.) Repreve. Reprieval (n.) Reprieve. Reprieved (imp. & p. p.) of Reprieve Reprieving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprieve Reprieve (v. t.) To delay the punishment of; to suspend the execution of sentence on; to give a respite to; to respite; as, to reprieve a criminal for thirty days. Reprieve (v. t.) To relieve for a time, or temporarily. Reprieve (n.) A temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence, especially of a sentence of death. Reprieve (n.) Interval of ease or relief; respite. Reprimand (n.) Severe or formal reproof; reprehension, private or public. Reprimanded (imp. & p. p.) of Reprimand Reprimanding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprimand Reprimand (n.) To reprove severely; to reprehend; to chide for a fault; to consure formally. Reprimand (n.) To reprove publicly and officially, in execution of a sentence; as, the court ordered him to be reprimanded. Reprimander (n.) One who reprimands. Reprimer (n.) A machine or implement for applying fresh primers to spent cartridge shells, so that the shells be used again. Reprint (v. t.) To print again; to print a second or a new edition of. Reprint (v. t.) To renew the impression of. Reprint (n.) A second or a new impression or edition of any printed work; specifically, the publication in one country of a work previously published in another. Reprinter (n.) One who reprints. Reprisal (n.) The act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or indemnity. Reprisal (n.) Anything taken from an enemy in retaliation. Reprisal (n.) The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffering or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation for an act of inhumanity. Reprisal (n.) Any act of retaliation. Reprise (n.) A taking by way of retaliation. Reprise (n.) Deductions and duties paid yearly out of a manor and lands, as rent charge, rent seck, pensions, annuities, and the like. Reprise (n.) A ship recaptured from an enemy or from a pirate. Reprise (v. t.) To take again; to retake. Reprise (v. t.) To recompense; to pay. Repristinate (v. t.) To restore to an original state. Repristination (n.) Restoration to an original state; renewal of purity. Reprive (v. t.) To take back or away. Reprive (v. t.) To reprieve. Reprize (v. t.) See Reprise. Reprizes (n. pl.) See Reprise, n., 2. Reproached (imp. & p. p.) of Reproach Reproaching (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reproach Reproach (v. t.) To come back to, or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring shame or disgrace upon; to disgrace. Reproach (v. t.) To attribute blame to; to allege something disgraceful against; to charge with a fault; to censure severely or contemptuously; to upbraid. Reproach (v.) The act of reproaching; censure mingled with contempt; contumelious or opprobrious language toward any person; abusive reflections; as, severe reproach. Reproach (v.) A cause of blame or censure; shame; disgrace. Reproach (v.) An object of blame, censure, scorn, or derision. Reproachablr (a.) Deserving reproach; censurable. Reproachablr (a.) Opprobrius; scurrilous. Reproacher (n.) One who reproaches. Reproachful (a.) Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding; opprobrious; abusive. Reproachful (a.) Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base; as, a reproachful life. Reproachless (a.) Being without reproach. Reprobacy (n.) Reprobation. Reprobance (n.) Reprobation. Reprobate (a.) Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected. Reprobate (a.) Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally abandoned and lost; given up to vice; depraved. Reprobate (a.) Of or pertaining to one who is given up to wickedness; as, reprobate conduct. Reprobate (n.) One morally abandoned and lost. Reprobated (imp. & p. p.) of Reprobate Reprobating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprobate Reprobate (v. t.) To disapprove with detestation or marks of extreme dislike; to condemn as unworthy; to disallow; to reject. Reprobate (v. t.) To abandon to punishment without hope of pardon. Reprobateness (n.) The state of being reprobate. Reprobater (n.) One who reprobates. Reprobation (n.) The act of reprobating; the state of being reprobated; strong disapproval or censure. Reprobation (n.) The predestination of a certain number of the human race as reprobates, or objects of condemnation and punishment. Reprobationer (n.) One who believes in reprobation. See Reprobation, 2. Reprobative (a.) Of or pertaining to reprobation; expressing reprobation. Reprobatory (a.) Reprobative. Reproduce (v. t.) To produce again. Reproduce (v. t.) To bring forward again; as, to reproduce a witness; to reproduce charges; to reproduce a play. Reproduce (v. t.) To cause to exist again. Reproduce (v. t.) To produce again, by generation or the like; to cause the existence of (something of the same class, kind, or nature as another thing); to generate or beget, as offspring; as, to reproduce a rose; some animals are reproduced by gemmation. Reproduce (v. t.) To make an image or other representation of; to portray; to cause to exist in the memory or imagination; to make a copy of; as, to reproduce a person's features in marble, or on canvas; to reproduce a design. Reproducer (n.) One who, or that which, reproduces. Reproduction (n.) The act or process of reproducing; the state of being reproduced Reproduction (n.) the process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring. Reproduction (n.) That which is reproduced. Reproductive (a.) Tending, or pertaining, to reproduction; employed in reproduction. Reproductory (a.) Reproductive. Reproof (n.) Refutation; confutation; contradiction. Reproof (n.) An expression of blame or censure; especially, blame expressed to the face; censure for a fault; chiding; reproach. Reprovable (a.) Worthy of reproof or censure. Re proval (n.) Reproof. Reproved (imp. & p. p.) of Reprove Reproving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprove Reprove (v. t.) To convince. Reprove (v. t.) To disprove; to refute. Reprove (v. t.) To chide to the face as blameworthy; to accuse as guilty; to censure. Reprove (v. t.) To express disapprobation of; as, to reprove faults. Reprover (n.) One who, or that which, reproves. Reprovingly (adv.) In a reproving manner. Reprune (v. t.) To prune again or anew. Rep-silver (n.) Money anciently paid by servile tenants to their lord, in lieu of the customary service of reaping his corn or grain. Reptant (a.) Same as Repent. Reptant (a.) Creeping; crawling; -- said of reptiles, worms, etc. Reptantia (n. pl.) A division of gastropods; the Pectinibranchiata. Reptation (n.) The act of creeping. Reptatory (a.) Creeping. Reptile (a.) Creeping; moving on the belly, or by means of small and short legs. Reptile (a.) Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; as, a reptile race or crew; reptile vices. Reptile (n.) An animal that crawls, or moves on its belly, as snakes,, or by means of small, short legs, as lizards, and the like. Reptile (n.) One of the Reptilia, or one of the Amphibia. Reptile (n.) A groveling or very mean person. Reptilia (n. pl.) A class of air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually covered with scales or bony plates. The heart generally has two auricles and one ventricle. The development of the young is the same as that of birds. Reptilian (a.) Belonging to the reptiles. Reptilian (n.) One of the Reptilia; a reptile. Republic (a.) Common weal. Republic (a.) A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole body of the people, and is exercised by representatives elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. Democracy, 2. Republican (a.) Of or pertaining to a republic. Republican (a.) Consonant with the principles of a republic; as, republican sentiments or opinions; republican manners. Republican (n.) One who favors or prefers a republican form of government. Republican (n.) A member of the Republican party. Republican (n.) The American cliff swallow. The cliff swallows build their nests side by side, many together. Republican (n.) A South African weaver bird (Philetaerus socius). These weaver birds build many nests together, under a large rooflike shelter, which they make of straw. Republicanism (n.) A republican form or system of government; the principles or theory of republican government. Republicanism (n.) Attachment to, or political sympathy for, a republican form of government. Republicanism (n.) The principles and policy of the Republican party, so called Republicanized (imp. & p. p.) of Republicanize Republicanizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Republicanize Republicanize (v. t.) To change, as a state, into a republic; to republican principles; as, France was republicanized; to republicanize the rising generation. Republicate (v. t.) To make public again; to republish. Republication (n.) A second publication, or a new publication of something before published, as of a former will, of a volume already published, or the like; specifically, the publication in one country of a work first issued in another; a reprint. Republished (imp. & p. p.) of Republish Republishing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Republish Republish (v. t.) To publish anew; specifically, to publish in one country (a work first published in another); also, to revive (a will) by re/xecution or codicil. Republisher (n.) One who republishes. Repudiable (a.) Admitting of repudiation; fit or proper to be put away. Repudiated (imp. & p. p.) of Repudiate Repudiating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repudiate Repudiate (v. t.) To cast off; to disavow; to have nothing to do with; to renounce; to reject. Repudiate (v. t.) To divorce, put away, or discard, as a wife, or a woman one has promised to marry. Repudiate (v. t.) To refuse to acknowledge or to pay; to disclaim; as, the State has repudiated its debts. Repudiation (n.) The act of repudiating, or the state of being repuddiated; as, the repudiation of a doctrine, a wife, a debt, etc. Repudiation (n.) One who favors repudiation, especially of a public debt. Repudiator (n.) One who repudiates. Repugn (v. t.) To fight against; to oppose; to resist. Repugnable (a.) Capable of being repugned or resisted. Repugnance (n.) Alt. of Repugnancy Repugnancy (n.) The state or condition of being repugnant; opposition; contrariety; especially, a strong instinctive antagonism; aversion; reluctance; unwillingness, as of mind, passions, principles, qualities, and the like. Repugnant (a.) Disposed to fight against; hostile; at war with; being at variance; contrary; inconsistent; refractory; disobedient; also, distasteful in a high degree; offensive; -- usually followed by to, rarely and less properly by with; as, all rudeness was repugnant to her nature. Repugnantly (adv.) In a repugnant manner. Repugnate (v. t.) To oppose; to fight against. Repugner (n.) One who repugns. Repullulate (v. i.) To bud again. Repullulation (n.) The act of budding again; the state of having budded again. Repulsed (imp. & p. p.) of Repulse Repulsing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repulse Repulse (v. t.) To repel; to beat or drive back; as, to repulse an assault; to repulse the enemy. Repulse (v. t.) To repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial; to reject; to send away; as, to repulse a suitor or a proffer. Repulse (n.) The act of repelling or driving back; also, the state of being repelled or driven back. Repulse (n.) Figuratively: Refusal; denial; rejection; failure. Repulseless (a.) Not capable of being repulsed. Repulser (n.) One who repulses, or drives back. Repulsion (n.) The act of repulsing or repelling, or the state of being repulsed or repelled. Repulsion (n.) A feeling of violent offence or disgust; repugnance. Repulsion (n.) The power, either inherent or due to some physical action, by which bodies, or the particles of bodies, are made to recede from each other, or to resist each other's nearer approach; as, molecular repulsion; electrical repulsion. Repulsive (a.) Serving, or able, to repulse; repellent; as, a repulsive force. Repulsive (a.) Cold; forbidding; offensive; as, repulsive manners. Repulsory (a.) Repulsive; driving back. Repurchase (v. t.) To buy back or again; to regain by purchase. Repurchase (n.) The act of repurchasing. Repurify (v. t.) To purify again. Reputable (a.) Having, or worthy of, good repute; held in esteem; honorable; praiseworthy; as, a reputable man or character; reputable conduct. Reputation (v. t.) The estimation in which one is held; character in public opinion; the character attributed to a person, thing, or action; repute. Reputation (v. t.) The character imputed to a person in the community in which he lives. It is admissible in evidence when he puts his character in issue, or when such reputation is otherwise part of the issue of a case. Reputation (v. t.) Specifically: Good reputation; favorable regard; public esteem; general credit; good name. Reputation (v. t.) Account; value. Reputatively (adv.) By repute. Reputed (imp. & p. p.) of Repute Reputing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repute Repute (v. t.) To hold in thought; to account; to estimate; to hold; to think; to reckon. Repute (n.) Character reputed or attributed; reputation, whether good or bad; established opinion; public estimate. Repute (n.) Specifically: Good character or reputation; credit or honor derived from common or public opinion; -- opposed to disrepute. Reputedly (adv.) In common opinion or estimation; by repute. Reputeless (a.) Not having good repute; disreputable; disgraceful; inglorius. Requere (v. t.) To require. Request (n.) The act of asking for anything desired; expression of desire or demand; solicitation; prayer; petition; entreaty. Request (n.) That which is asked for or requested. Request (n.) A state of being desired or held in such estimation as to be sought after or asked for; demand. Requested (imp. & p. p.) of Request Requesting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Request Request (v. t.) To ask for (something); to express desire ffor; to solicit; as, to request his presence, or a favor. Request (v. t.) To address with a request; to ask. Requester (n.) One who requests; a petitioner. Requicken (v. t.) To quicken anew; to reanimate; to give new life to. Requiem (n.) A mass said or sung for the repose of a departed soul. Requiem (n.) Any grand musical composition, performed in honor of a deceased person. Requiem (n.) Rest; quiet; peace. Requietory (n.) A sepulcher. Requin (n.) The man-eater, or white shark (Carcharodon carcharias); -- so called on account of its causing requiems to be sung. Requirable (a.) Capable of being required; proper to be required. Required (imp. & p. p.) of Require Requiring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Require Require (v. t.) To demand; to insist upon having; to claim as by right and authority; to exact; as, to require the surrender of property. Require (v. t.) To demand or exact as indispensable; to need. Require (v. t.) To ask as a favor; to request. Requirement (n.) The act of requiring; demand; requisition. Requirement (n.) That which is required; an imperative or authoritative command; an essential condition; something needed or necessary; a need. Requirer (n.) One who requires. Requisite (n.) That which is required, or is necessary; something indispensable. Requisite (a.) Required by the nature of things, or by circumstances; so needful that it can not be dispensed with; necessary; indispensable. Requisition (n.) The act of requiring, as of right; a demand or application made as by authority. Requisition (n.) A formal demand made by one state or government upon another for the surrender or extradition of a fugitive from justice. Requisition (n.) A notarial demand of a debt. Requisition (n.) A demand by the invader upon the people of an invaded country for supplies, as of provision, forage, transportation, etc. Requisition (n.) A formal application by one officer to another for things needed in the public service; as, a requisition for clothing, troops, or money. Requisition (n.) That which is required by authority; especially, a quota of supplies or necessaries. Requisition (n.) A written or normal call; an invitation; a summons; as, a reqisition for a public meeting. Requisition (v. t.) To make a reqisition on or for; as, to requisition a district for forage; to requisition troops. Requisition (v. t.) To present a requisition to; to summon request; as, to requisition a person to be a candidate. Requisitionist (n.) One who makes or signs a requisition. Requisitive (a.) Expressing or implying demand. Requisitive (n.) One who, or that which, makes requisition; a requisitionist. Requisitor (n.) One who makes reqisition; esp., one authorized by a requisition to investigate facts. Requisitory (a.) Sought for; demanded. Requitable (a.) That may be requited. Requital (n.) The act of requiting; also, that which requites; return, good or bad, for anything done; in a good sense, compensation; recompense; as, the requital of services; in a bad sense, retaliation, or punishment; as, the requital of evil deeds. Requited (imp. & p. p.) of Requite Requiting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Requite Requite (v. t.) To repay; in a good sense, to recompense; to return (an equivalent) in good; to reward; in a bad sense, to retaliate; to return (evil) for evil; to punish. Requitement (n.) Requital Requiter (n.) One who requites. Rerebrace (n.) Armor for the upper part of the arm. Reredemain (n.) A backward stroke. Reredos (n.) A screen or partition wall behind an altar. Reredos (n.) The back of a fireplace. Reredos (n.) The open hearth, upon which fires were lighted, immediately under the louver, in the center of ancient halls. Rerefief (n.) A fief held of a superior feudatory; a fief held by an under tenant. Rereign (v. i.) To reign again. Re-reiterate (v. t.) To reiterate many times. Reremouse (n.) A rearmouse. Re-resolve (v. t. & i.) To resolve again. Rereward (n.) The rear guard of an army. Res (pl. ) of Res Res (n.) A thing; the particular thing; a matter; a point. Resail (v. t. & i.) To sail again; also, to sail back, as to a former port. Resale (n.) A sale at second hand, or at retail; also, a second sale. Resalgar (n.) Realgar. Resalute (v. t.) To salute again. Resaw (v. t.) To saw again; specifically, to saw a balk, or a timber, which has already been squared, into dimension lumber, as joists, boards, etc. Rescat (v. t.) To ransom; to release; to rescue. Rescat (n.) Ransom; release. Rescinded (imp. & p. p.) of Rescind Rescinding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rescind Rescind (v. t.) To cut off; to abrogate; to annul. Rescind (v. t.) Specifically, to vacate or make void, as an act, by the enacting authority or by superior authority; to repeal; as, to rescind a law, a resolution, or a vote; to rescind a decree or a judgment. Rescindable (a.) Capable of being rescinded. Rescindment (n.) The act of rescinding; rescission. Rescission (n.) The act of rescinding, abrogating, annulling, or vacating; as, the rescission of a law, decree, or judgment. Rescissory (a.) Tending to rescind; rescinding. Rescous (n.) Rescue; deliverance. Rescous (n.) See Rescue, 2. Rescowe (v. t.) To rescue. Rescribe (v. t.) To write back; to write in reply. Rescribe (v. t.) To write over again. Rescript (v. t.) The answer of an emperor when formallyconsulted by particular persons on some difficult question; hence, an edict or decree. Rescript (v. t.) The official written answer of the pope upon a question of canon law, or morals. Rescript (v. t.) A counterpart. Rescription (n.) A writing back; the answering of a letter. Rescriptive (a.) Pertaining to, or answering the purpose of, a rescript; hence, deciding; settling; determining. Rescriptively (adv.) By rescript. Rescuable (a.) That may be rescued. Rescued (imp. & p. p.) of Rescue Rescuing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rescue Rescue (v. t.) To free or deliver from any confinement, violence, danger, or evil; to liberate from actual restraint; to remove or withdraw from a state of exposure to evil; as, to rescue a prisoner from the enemy; to rescue seamen from destruction. Rescue (v.) The act of rescuing; deliverance from restraint, violence, or danger; liberation. Rescue (v.) The forcible retaking, or taking away, against law, of things lawfully distrained. Rescue (v.) The forcible liberation of a person from an arrest or imprisonment. Rescue (v.) The retaking by a party captured of a prize made by the enemy. Rescueless (a.) Without rescue or release. Rescuer (n.) One who rescues. Rescussee (n.) The party in whose favor a rescue is made. Rescussor (n.) One who makes an unlawful rescue; a rescuer. Rese (v. i.) To shake; to quake; to tremble. Re-search (v. t.) To search again; to examine anew. Research (n.) Diligent inquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles; laborious or continued search after truth; as, researches of human wisdom. Research (v. t.) To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently. Researcher (n.) One who researches. Researchful (a.) Making researches; inquisitive. Reseat (v. t.) To seat or set again, as on a chair, throne, etc. Reseat (v. t.) To put a new seat, or new seats, in; as, to reseat a theater; to reseat a chair or trousers. Resected (imp. & p. p.) of Resect Resecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resect Resect (v. t.) To cut or pare off; to remove by cutting. Resection (n.) The act of cutting or paring off. Resection (n.) The removal of the articular extremity of a bone, or of the ends of the bones in a false articulation. Reseda (n.) A genus of plants, the type of which is mignonette. Reseda (n.) A grayish green color, like that of the flowers of mignonette. Reseek (v. t.) To seek again. Reseize (v. t.) To seize again, or a second time. Reseize (v. t.) To put in possession again; to reinstate. Reseize (v. t.) To take possession of, as lands and tenements which have been disseized. Reseizer (n.) One who seizes again. Reseizer (n.) The taking of lands into the hands of the king where a general livery, or oustre le main, was formerly mis-sued, contrary to the form and order of law. Reseizure (n.) A second seizure; the act of seizing again. Resell (v. t.) To sell again; to sell what has been bought or sold; to retail. Resemblable (a.) Admitting of being compared; like. Resemblance (n.) The quality or state of resembling; likeness; similitude; similarity. Resemblance (n.) That which resembles, or is similar; a representation; a likeness. Resemblance (n.) A comparison; a simile. Resemblance (n.) Probability; verisimilitude. Resemblant (a.) Having or exhibiting resemblance; resembling. Resembled (imp. & p. p.) of Resemble Resembling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resemble Resemble (v. t.) To be like or similar to; to bear the similitude of, either in appearance or qualities; as, these brothers resemble each other. Resemble (v. t.) To liken; to compare; to represent as like. Resemble (v. t.) To counterfeit; to imitate. Resemble (v. t.) To cause to imitate or be like. Resembler (n.) One who resembles. Resemblingly (adv.) So as to resemble; with resemblance or likeness. Reseminate (v. t.) To produce again by means of seed. Resend (v. t.) To send again; as, to resend a message. Resend (v. t.) To send back; as, to resend a gift. Resend (v. t.) To send on from an intermediate station by means of a repeater. Resented (imp. & p. p.) of Resent Resenting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resent Resent (v. t.) To be sensible of; to feel Resent (v. t.) In a good sense, to take well; to receive with satisfaction. Resent (v. t.) In a bad sense, to take ill; to consider as an injury or affront; to be indignant at. Resent (v. t.) To express or exhibit displeasure or indignation at, as by words or acts. Resent (v. t.) To recognize; to perceive, especially as if by smelling; -- associated in meaning with sent, the older spelling of scent to smell. See Resent, v. i. Resent (v. i.) To feel resentment. Resent (v. i.) To give forth an odor; to smell; to savor. Resenter (n.) One who resents. Resentful (a.) Inclined to resent; easily provoked to anger; irritable. Resentiment (n.) Resentment. Resentingly (adv.) With deep sense or strong perception. Resentingly (adv.) With a sense of wrong or affront; with resentment. Resentive (a.) Resentful. Resentment (n.) The act of resenting. Resentment (n.) The state of holding something in the mind as a subject of contemplation, or of being inclined to reflect upon something; a state of consciousness; conviction; feeling; impression. Resentment (n.) In a good sense, satisfaction; gratitude. Resentment (n.) In a bad sense, strong displeasure; anger; hostility provoked by a wrong or injury experienced. Reserate (v. t.) To unlock; to open. Reservance (n.) Reservation. Reservation (n.) The act of reserving, or keeping back; concealment, or withholding from disclosure; reserve. Reservation (n.) Something withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given up or brought forward. Reservation (n.) A tract of the public land reserved for some special use, as for schools, for the use of Indians, etc. Reservation (n.) The state of being reserved, or kept in store. Reservation (n.) A clause in an instrument by which some new thing is reserved out of the thing granted, and not in esse before. Reservation (n.) A proviso. Reservation (n.) The portion of the sacramental elements reserved for purposes of devotion and for the communion of the absent and sick. Reservation (n.) A term of canon law, which signifies that the pope reserves to himself appointment to certain benefices. Reservative (a.) Tending to reserve or keep; keeping; reserving. Reservatory (v. t.) A place in which things are reserved or kept. Reserved (imp. & p. p.) of Reserve Reserving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reserve Reserve (v. t.) To keep back; to retain; not to deliver, make over, or disclose. Reserve (v. t.) Hence, to keep in store for future or special use; to withhold from present use for another purpose or time; to keep; to retain. Reserve (v. t.) To make an exception of; to except. Reserve (n.) The act of reserving, or keeping back; reservation. Reserve (n.) That which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use. Reserve (n.) That which is excepted; exception. Reserve (n.) Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior. Reserve (n.) A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose; as, the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio, originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut; the Clergy Reserves in Canada, for the support of the clergy. Reserve (n.) A body of troops in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency. Reserve (n.) Funds kept on hand to meet liabilities. Reserved (a.) Kept for future or special use, or for an exigency; as, reserved troops; a reserved seat in a theater. Reserved (a.) Restrained from freedom in words or actions; backward, or cautious, in communicating one's thoughts and feelings; not free or frank. Reservee (n.) One to, or for, whom anything is reserved; -- contrasted with reservor. Reserver (n.) One who reserves. Reservist (n.) A member of a reserve force of soldiers or militia. Reservoir (n.) A place where anything is kept in store; especially, a place where water is collected and kept for use when wanted, as to supply a fountain, a canal, or a city by means of aqueducts, or to drive a mill wheel, or the like. Reservoir (n.) A small intercellular space, often containing resin, essential oil, or some other secreted matter. Reservor (n.) One who reserves; a reserver. Reset (v. t.) To set again; as, to reset type; to reset copy; to reset a diamond. Reset (n.) The act of resetting. Reset (n.) That which is reset; matter set up again. Reset (n.) The receiving of stolen goods, or harboring an outlaw. Reset (v. t.) To harbor or secrete; to hide, as stolen goods or a criminal. Resetter (n.) One who receives or conceals, as stolen goods or criminal. Resetter (n.) One who resets, or sets again. Resettle (v. t.) To settle again. Resettle (v. i.) To settle again, or a second time. Resettlement (n.) Act of settling again, or state of being settled again; as, the resettlement of lees. Reshape (v. t.) To shape again. Reship (v. t.) To ship again; to put on board of a vessel a second time; to send on a second voyage; as, to reship bonded merchandise. Reship (v. i.) To engage one's self again for service on board of a vessel after having been discharged. Reshipment (n.) The act of reshipping; also, that which is reshippped. Reshipper (n.) One who reships. Resiance (n.) Residence; abode. Resiant (a.) Resident; present in a place. Resiant (n.) A resident. Resided (imp. & p. p.) of Reside Residing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reside Reside (v. i.) To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to abide continuosly; to have one's domicile of home; to remain for a long time. Reside (v. i.) To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to lie or be as in attribute or element. Reside (v. i.) To sink; to settle, as sediment. Residence (n.) The act or fact of residing, abiding, or dwelling in a place for some continuance of time; as, the residence of an American in France or Italy for a year. Residence (n.) The place where one resides; an abode; a dwelling or habitation; esp., a settled or permanent home or domicile. Residence (n.) The residing of an incumbent on his benefice; -- opposed to nonresidence. Residence (n.) The place where anything rests permanently. Residence (n.) Subsidence, as of a sediment. Residence (n.) That which falls to the bottom of liquors; sediment; also, refuse; residuum. Residency (n.) Residence. Residency (n.) A political agency at a native court in British India, held by an officer styled the Resident; also, a Dutch commercial colony or province in the East Indies. Resident (a.) Dwelling, or having an abode, in a place for a continued length of time; residing on one's own estate; -- opposed to nonresident; as, resident in the city or in the country. Resident (a.) Fixed; stable; certain. Resident (n.) One who resides or dwells in a place for some time. Resident (n.) A diplomatic representative who resides at a foreign court; -- a term usualy applied to ministers of a rank inferior to that of ambassadors. See the Note under Minister, 4. Residenter (n.) A resident. Residential (a.) Of or pertaining to a residence or residents; as, residential trade. Residential (a.) Residing; residentiary. Residentiary (a.) Having residence; as, a canon residentary; a residentiary guardian. Residentiary (n.) One who is resident. Residentiary (n.) An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence. Residentiaryship (n.) The office or condition of a residentiary. Residentship (n.) The office or condition of a resident. Resider (n.) One who resides in a place. Residual (a.) Pertaining to a residue; remaining after a part is taken. Residual (n.) The difference of the results obtained by observation, and by computation from a formula. Residual (n.) The difference between the mean of several observations and any one of them. Residuary (a.) Consisting of residue; as, residuary matter; pertaining to the residue, or part remaining; as, the residuary advantage of an estate. Residue (n.) That which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed, or designated; remnant; remainder. Residue (n.) That part of a testeator's estate wwhich is not disposed of in his will by particular and special legacies and devises, and which remains after payment of debts and legacies. Residue (n.) That which remains of a molecule after the removal of a portion of its constituents; hence, an atom or group regarded as a portion of a molecule; -- used as nearly equivalent to radical, but in a more general sense. Residue (n.) Any positive or negative number that differs from a given number by a multiple of a given modulus; thus, if 7 is the modulus, and 9 the given number, the numbers -5, 2, 16, 23, etc., are residues. Residuous (a.) Remaining; residual. Residuum (n.) That which is left after any process of separation or purification; that which remains after certain specified deductions are made; residue. Resiege (v. t.) To seat again; to reinstate. Re-sign (v. t.) To affix one's signature to, a second time; to sign again. Resigned (imp. & p. p.) of Resign Resigning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resign Resign (v. t.) To sign back; to return by a formal act; to yield to another; to surrender; -- said especially of office or emolument. Hence, to give up; to yield; to submit; -- said of the wishes or will, or of something valued; -- also often used reflexively. Resign (v. t.) To relinquish; to abandon. Resign (v. t.) To commit to the care of; to consign. Re sign (n.) Resignation. Resignation (n.) The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim, possession, office, or the like; surrender; as, the resignation of a crown or comission. Resignation (n.) The state of being resigned or submissive; quiet or patient submission; unresisting acquiescence; as, resignation to the will and providence of God. Resigned (a.) Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or murmur. Resignedly (adv.) With submission. Resignee (n.) One to whom anything is resigned, or in whose favor a resignation is made. Resigner (n.) One who resigns. Resignment (n.) The act of resigning. Resiled (imp. & p. p.) of Resile Resiling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resile Resile (v. i.) To start back; to recoil; to recede from a purpose. Resilience (n.) Alt. of Resiliency Resiliency (n.) The act of resiling, springing back, or rebounding; as, the resilience of a ball or of sound. Resiliency (n.) The mechanical work required to strain an elastic body, as a deflected beam, stretched spring, etc., to the elastic limit; also, the work performed by the body in recovering from such strain. Resilient (a.) Leaping back; rebounding; recoiling. Resilition (n.) Resilience. Resin (n.) Any one of a class of yellowish brown solid inflammable substances, of vegetable origin, which are nonconductors of electricity, have a vitreous fracture, and are soluble in ether, alcohol, and essential oils, but not in water; specif., pine resin (see Rosin). Resinaceous (a.) Having the quality of resin; resinous. Resinate (n.) Any one of the salts the resinic acids. Resinic (a.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, resin; as, the resinic acids. Resiniferous (a.) Yielding resin; as, a resiniferous tree or vessel. Resiniform (a.) Having the form of resin. Resino-electric (a.) Containing or exhibiting resinous electricity. Resinoid (a.) Somewhat like resin. Resinous (a.) Of or pertaining to resin; of the nature of resin; resembling or obtained from resin. Resinously (adv.) By means, or in the manner, of resin. Resinousness (n.) The quality of being resinous. Resiny (a.) Like resin; resinous. Resipiscence (n.) Wisdom derived from severe experience; hence, repentance. Resisted (imp. & p. p.) of Resist Resisting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resist Resist (v. t.) To stand against; to withstand; to obstruct. Resist (v. t.) To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat, or frustrate; to act in opposition to; to oppose. Resist (v. t.) To counteract, as a force, by inertia or reaction. Resist (v. t.) To be distasteful to. Resist (v. i.) To make opposition. Resist (n.) A substance used to prevent a color or mordant from fixing on those parts to which it has been applied, either by acting machanically in preventing the color, etc., from reaching the cloth, or chemically in changing the color so as to render it incapable of fixing itself in the fibers.. The pastes prepared for this purpose are called resist pastes. Resistance (n.) The act of resisting; opposition, passive or active. Resistance (n.) The quality of not yielding to force or external pressure; that power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which prevents the effect of another power; as, the resistance of the air to a body passing through it; the resistance of a target to projectiles. Resistance (n.) A means or method of resisting; that which resists. Resistance (n.) A certain hindrance or opposition to the passage of an electrical current or discharge offered by conducting bodies. It bears an inverse relation to the conductivity, -- good conductors having a small resistance, while poor conductors or insulators have a very high resistance. The unit of resistance is the ohm. Resistant (a.) Making resistance; resisting. Resistant (n.) One who, or that which, resists. Resister (n.) One who resists. Resistful (a.) Making much resistance. Resistibility (n..) The quality of being resistible; resistibleness. Resistibility (n..) The quality of being resistant; resitstance. Resistible (a.) Capable of being resisted; as, a resistible force. Resisting (a.) Making resistance; opposing; as, a resisting medium. Resistive (a.) Serving to resist. Resistless (a.) Having no power to resist; making no opposition. Resistless (a.) Incapable of being resisted; irresistible. Resoluble (a.) Admitting of being resolved; resolvable; as, bodies resoluble by fire. Resolute (v. t. & i.) Having a decided purpose; determined; resolved; fixed in a determination; hence, bold; firm; steady. Resolute (v. t. & i.) Convinced; satisfied; sure. Resolute (v. t. & i.) Resolving, or explaining; as, the Resolute Doctor Durand. Resolute (n.) One who is resolute; hence, a desperado. Resolute (n.) Redelivery; repayment. Resolutely (adv.) In a resolute manner; with fixed purpose; boldly; firmly; steadily; with perseverance. Resoluteness (n.) The quality of being resolute. Resolution (n.) The act, operation, or process of resolving. Specifically: (a) The act of separating a compound into its elements or component parts. (b) The act of analyzing a complex notion, or solving a vexed question or difficult problem. Resolution (n.) The state of being relaxed; relaxation. Resolution (n.) The state of being resolved, settled, or determined; firmness; steadiness; constancy; determination. Resolution (n.) That which is resolved or determined; a settled purpose; determination. Specifically: A formal expression of the opinion or will of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote; as, a legislative resolution; the resolutions of a public meeting. Resolution (n.) The state of being resolved or firm in opinion or thought; conviction; assurance. Resolution (n.) The act or process of solving; solution; as, the resolution of an equation or problem. Resolution (n.) A breaking up, disappearance; or termination, as of a fever, a tumor, or the like. Resolution (n.) The passing of a dissonant into a consonant chord by the rising or falling of the note which makes the discord. Resolutioner (n.) One who makes a resolution; one who joins with others in a declaration or resolution; specifically, one of a party in the Scottish Church in the 17th century. Resolutionist (n.) One who makes a resolution. Resolutive (a.) Serving to dissolve or relax. Resolutory (a.) Resolutive. Resolvability (n.) The quality or condition of being resolvable; resolvableness. Resolvable (a.) Admitting of being resolved; admitting separation into constituent parts, or reduction to first principles; admitting solution or explanation; as, resolvable compounds; resolvable ideas or difficulties. Resolvableness (n.) The quality of being resolvable; resolvability. Resolved (imp. & p. p.) of Resolve Resolving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resolve Resolve (v. i.) To separate the component parts of; to reduce to the constituent elements; -- said of compound substances; hence, sometimes, to melt, or dissolve. Resolve (v. i.) To reduce to simple or intelligible notions; -- said of complex ideas or obscure questions; to make clear or certain; to free from doubt; to disentangle; to unravel; to explain; hence, to clear up, or dispel, as doubt; as, to resolve a riddle. Resolve (v. i.) To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain. Resolve (v. i.) To determine or decide in purpose; to make ready in mind; to fix; to settle; as, he was resolved by an unexpected event. Resolve (v. i.) To express, as an opinion or determination, by resolution and vote; to declare or decide by a formal vote; -- followed by a clause; as, the house resolved (or, it was resolved by the house) that no money should be apropriated (or, to appropriate no money). Resolve (v. i.) To change or convert by resolution or formal vote; -- used only reflexively; as, the house resolved itself into a committee of the whole. Resolve (v. i.) To solve, as a problem, by enumerating the several things to be done, in order to obtain what is required; to find the answer to, or the result of. Resolve (v. i.) To dispere or scatter; to discuss, as an inflammation or a tumor. Resolve (v. i.) To let the tones (as of a discord) follow their several tendencies, resulting in a concord. Resolve (v. i.) To relax; to lay at ease. Resolve (v. i.) To be separated into its component parts or distinct principles; to undergo resolution. Resolve (v. i.) To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid. Resolve (v. i.) To be settled in opinion; to be convinced. Resolve (v. i.) To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to determine after reflection; as, to resolve on a better course of life. Resolve (n.) The act of resolving or making clear; resolution; solution. Resolve (n.) That which has been resolved on or determined; decisive conclusion; fixed purpose; determination; also, legal or official determination; a legislative declaration; a resolution. Resolved (p. p. & a.) Having a fixed purpose; determined; resolute; -- usually placed after its noun; as, a man resolved to be rich. Resolvedly (adv.) So as to resolve or clear up difficulties; clearly. Resolvedly (adv.) Resolutely; decidedly; firmly. Resolvedness (n.) Fixedness of purpose; firmness; resolution. Resolvent (a.) Having power to resolve; causing solution; solvent. Resolvent (n.) That which has the power of resolving, or causing solution; a solvent. Resolvent (n.) That which has power to disperse inflammatory or other tumors; a discutient; anything which aids the absorption of effused products. Resolvent (n.) An equation upon whose solution the solution of a given pproblem depends. Resolver (n.) That which decomposes, or dissolves. Resolver (n.) That which clears up and removes difficulties, and makes the mind certain or determined. Resolver (n.) One who resolves, or formal a firm purpose. Resonance (n.) The act of resounding; the quality or state of being resonant. Resonance (n.) A prolongation or increase of any sound, either by reflection, as in a cavern or apartment the walls of which are not distant enough to return a distinct echo, or by the production of vibrations in other bodies, as a sounding-board, or the bodies of musical instruments. Resonancy (n.) Resonance. Resonant (a.) Returning, or capable of returning, sound; fitted to resound; resounding; echoing back. Resonantly (adv.) In a resonant manner. Resonator (n.) Anything which resounds; specifically, a vessel in the form of a cylinder open at one end, or a hollow ball of brass with two apertures, so contrived as to greatly intensify a musical tone by its resonance. It is used for the study and analysis of complex sounds. Resorb (v. t.) To swallow up. Resorbent (a.) Swallowing up. Resorcin (n.) A colorless crystalline substance of the phenol series, obtained by melting certain resins, as galbanum, asafetida, etc., with caustic potash. It is also produced artificially and used in making certain dyestuffs, as phthalein, fluorescein, and eosin. Resorcylic (a.) Of, or pertaining to, or producing, resorcin; as, resorcylic acid. Resorption (n.) The act of resorbing; also, the act of absorbing again; reabsorption. Resort (n.) Active power or movement; spring. Resorted (imp. & p. p.) of Resort Resorting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resort Resort (v. i.) To go; to repair; to betake one's self. Resort (v. i.) To fall back; to revert. Resort (v. i.) To have recourse; to apply; to one's self for help, relief, or advantage. Resort (v.) The act of going to, or making application; a betaking one's self; the act of visiting or seeking; recourse; as, a place of popular resort; -- often figuratively; as, to have resort to force. Resort (v.) A place to which one betakes himself habitually; a place of frequent assembly; a haunt. Resort (v.) That to which one resorts or looks for help; resource; refuge. Resorter (n.) One who resorts; a frequenter. Resoun (n.) Reason. Resoun (v. i. & t.) To resound. Re-sound (v. t. & i.) To sound again or anew. Resounded (imp. & p. p.) of Resound Resounding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resound Resound (v. i.) To sound loudly; as, his voice resounded far. Resound (v. i.) To be filled with sound; to ring; as, the woods resound with song. Resound (v. i.) To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound. Resound (v. i.) To be mentioned much and loudly. Resound (v. i.) To echo or reverberate; to be resonant; as, the earth resounded with his praise. Resound (v. t.) To throw back, or return, the sound of; to echo; to reverberate. Resound (v. t.) To praise or celebrate with the voice, or the sound of instruments; to extol with sounds; to spread the fame of. Resound (n.) Return of sound; echo. Resource (n.) That to which one resorts orr on which one depends for supply or support; means of overcoming a difficulty; resort; expedient. Resource (n.) Pecuniary means; funds; money, or any property that can be converted into supplies; available means or capabilities of any kind. Resourceful (a.) Full of resources. Resourceless (a.) Destitute of resources. Resow (v. t.) To sow again. Resown (v.) To resound. Respeak (v. t.) To speak or utter again. Respeak (v. t.) To answer; to echo. Respected (imp. & p. p.) of Respect Respecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Respect Respect (v. t.) To take notice of; to regard with special attention; to regard as worthy of special consideration; hence, to care for; to heed. Respect (v. t.) To consider worthy of esteem; to regard with honor. Respect (v. t.) To look toward; to front upon or toward. Respect (v. t.) To regard; to consider; to deem. Respect (v. t.) To have regard to; to have reference to; to relate to; as, the treaty particularly respects our commerce. Respect (v.) The act of noticing with attention; the giving particular consideration to; hence, care; caution. Respect (v.) Esteem; regard; consideration; honor. Respect (v.) An expression of respect of deference; regards; as, to send one's respects to another. Respect (v.) Reputation; repute. Respect (v.) Relation; reference; regard. Respect (v.) Particular; point regarded; point of view; as, in this respect; in any respect; in all respects. Respect (v.) Consideration; motive; interest. Respectability (n.) The state or quality of being respectable; the state or quality which deserves or commands respect. Respectable (a.) Worthy of respect; fitted to awaken esteem; deserving regard; hence, of good repute; not mean; as, a respectable citizen. Respectable (a.) Moderate in degree of excellence or in number; as, a respectable performance; a respectable audience. Respectant (a.) Placed so as to face one another; -- said of animals. Respecter (n.) One who respects. Respectful (a.) Marked or characterized by respect; as, respectful deportment. Respecting (prep.) With regard or relation to; regarding; concerning; as, respecting his conduct there is but one opinion. Respection (n.) The act of respecting; respect; regard. Respective (a.) Noticing with attention; hence, careful; wary; considerate. Respective (a.) Looking towardl having reference to; relative, not absolute; as, the respective connections of society. Respective (a.) Relating to particular persons or things, each to each; particular; own; as, they returned to their respective places of abode. Respective (a.) Fitted to awaken respect. Respective (a.) Rendering respect; respectful; regardful. Respectively (adv.) As relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to each; as each refers to each in order; as, let each man respectively perform his duty. Respectively (adv.) Relatively; not absolutely. Respectively (adv.) Partially; with respect to private views. Respectively (adv.) With respect; regardfully. Respectless (a.) Having no respect; without regard; regardless. Respectuous (a.) Respectful; as, a respectuous silence. Respectuous (a.) Respectable. Respell (v. t.) To spell again. Resperse (v. t.) To sprinkle; to scatter. Respersion (n.) The act of sprinkling or scattering. Respirability (n.) The quality or state of being respirable; respirableness. Respirable (a.) Suitable for being breathed; adapted for respiration. Respiration (n.) The act of respiring or breathing again, or catching one's breath. Respiration (n.) Relief from toil or suffering: rest. Respiration (n.) Interval; intermission. Respiration (n.) The act of resping or breathing; the act of taking in and giving out air; the aggregate of those processes bu which oxygen is introduced into the system, and carbon dioxide, or carbonic acid, removed. Respirational (a.) Of or pertaining to respiration; as, respirational difficulties. Respirative (a.) Of or pertaining to respiration; as, respirative organs. Respirator (n.) A divice of gauze or wire, covering the mouth or nose, to prevent the inhalation of noxious substances, as dust or smoke. Being warmed by the breath, it tempers cold air passing through it, and may also be used for the inhalation of medicated vapors. Respiratory (a.) Of or pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration; as, the respiratory organs; respiratory nerves; the respiratory function; respiratory changes. Respired (imp. & p. p.) of Respire Respiring (p. pr. & vvb. n.) of Respire Respire (v. i.) To take breath again; hence, to take rest or refreshment. Respire (v. i.) To breathe; to inhale air into the lungs, and exhale it from them, successively, for the purpose of maintaining the vitality of the blood. Respire (v. t.) To breathe in and out; to inspire and expire,, as air; to breathe. Respire (v. t.) To breathe out; to exhale. Respite (n.) A putting off of that which was appointed; a postponement or delay. Respite (n.) Temporary intermission of labor, or of any process or operation; interval of rest; pause; delay. Respite (n.) Temporary suspension of the execution of a capital offender; reprieve. Respite (n.) The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury beyond the proper term. Respited (imp. & p. p.) of Respite Respiting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Respite Respite (n.) To give or grant a respite to. Respite (n.) To delay or postpone; to put off. Respite (n.) To keep back from execution; to reprieve. Respite (n.) To relieve by a pause or interval of rest. Respiteless (a.) Without respite. Resplendence (n.) Alt. of Resplendency Resplendency (n.) The quality or state of being resplendent; brilliant luster; vivid brightness; splendor. Resplendent (a.) Shining with brilliant luster; very bright. Resplendishant (a.) Resplendent; brilliant. Resplendishing (a.) Resplendent. Resplit (v. t. & i.) To split again. Responded (imp. & p. p.) of Respond Responding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Respond Respond (v. i.) To say somethin in return; to answer; to reply; as, to respond to a question or an argument. Respond (v. i.) To show some effect in return to a force; to act in response; to accord; to correspond; to suit. Respond (v. i.) To render satisfaction; to be answerable; as, the defendant is held to respond in damages. Respond (v. t.) To answer; to reply. Respond (v. t.) To suit or accord with; to correspond to. Respond (n.) An answer; a response. Respond (n.) A short anthem sung at intervals during the reading of a chapter. Respond (n.) A half pier or pillar attached to a wall to support an arch. Respondence (n.) Alt. of Respondency Respondency (n.) The act of responding; the state of being respondent; an answering. Respondent (a.) Disposed or expected to respond; answering; according; corresponding. Respondent (n.) One who responds. It corresponds in general to defendant. Respondent (n.) One who answers in certain suits or proceedings, generally those which are not according to the course of the common law, as in equity and admiralty causes, in petitions for partition, and the like; -- distinquished from appellant. Respondent (n.) One who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province it is to refute objections, or overthrow arguments; -- distinguished from opponent. Respondentia (n.) A loan upon goods laden on board a ship. It differs from bottomry, which is a loan on the ship itself. Responsal (a.) Answerable. Responsal (n.) One who is answerable or responsible. Responsal (n.) Response. Response (n.) The act of responding. Response (n.) An answer or reply. Response (n.) Reply to an objection in formal disputation. Response (n.) The answer of the people or congregation to the priest or clergyman, in the litany and other parts of divine service. Response (n.) A kind of anthem sung after the lessons of matins and some other parts of the office. Response (n.) A repetition of the given subject in a fugue by another part on the fifth above or fourth below. Responseless (a.) Giving no response. -ties (pl. ) of Responsibility Responsibility (n.) The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable, as for a trust, debt, or obligation. Responsibility (n.) That for which anyone is responsible or accountable; as, the resonsibilities of power. Responsibility (n.) Ability to answer in payment; means of paying. Responsible (a.) Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to answer; accountable; answerable; amenable; as, a guardian is responsible to the court for his conduct in the office. Responsible (a.) Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and obligations; trustworthy, financially or otherwise; as, to have a responsible man for surety. Responsible (a.) Involving responsibility; involving a degree of accountability on the part of the person concerned; as, a responsible office. Responsion (n.) The act of answering. Responsion (n.) The first university examination; -- called also little go. See under Little, a. Responsive (a.) That responds; ready or inclined to respond. Responsive (a.) Suited to something else; correspondent. Responsive (a.) Responsible. Responsorial (a.) Responsory; antiphonal. Responsory (a.) Containing or making answer; answering. -ries (pl. ) of Responsory Responsory (n.) The answer of the people to the priest in alternate speaking, in church service. Responsory (n.) A versicle sung in answer to the priest, or as a refrain. Responsory (n.) An antiphonary; a response book. Rest (v. t.) To arrest. Rest (n.) A state of quiet or repose; a cessation from motion or labor; tranquillity; as, rest from mental exertion; rest of body or mind. Rest (n.) Hence, freedom from everything which wearies or disturbs; peace; security. Rest (n.) Sleep; slumber; hence, poetically, death. Rest (n.) That on which anything rests or leans for support; as, a rest in a lathe, for supporting the cutting tool or steadying the work. Rest (n.) A projection from the right side of the cuirass, serving to support the lance. Rest (n.) A place where one may rest, either temporarily, as in an inn, or permanently, as, in an abode. Rest (n.) A short pause in reading verse; a c/sura. Rest (n.) The striking of a balance at regular intervals in a running account. Rest (n.) A set or game at tennis. Rest (n.) Silence in music or in one of its parts; the name of the character that stands for such silence. They are named as notes are, whole, half, quarter,etc. Rested (imp. & p. p.) of Rest Resting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rest Rest (n.) To cease from action or motion, especially from action which has caused weariness; to desist from labor or exertion. Rest (n.) To be free from whanever wearies or disturbs; to be quiet or still. Rest (n.) To lie; to repose; to recline; to lan; as, to rest on a couch. Rest (n.) To stand firm; to be fixed; to be supported; as, a column rests on its pedestal. Rest (n.) To sleep; to slumber; hence, poetically, to be dead. Rest (n.) To lean in confidence; to trust; to rely; to repose without anxiety; as, to rest on a man's promise. Rest (n.) To be satisfied; to acquiesce. Rest (v. t.) To lay or place at rest; to quiet. Rest (v. t.) To place, as on a support; to cause to lean. Rest (n.) That which is left, or which remains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder; residue. Rest (n.) Those not included in a proposition or description; the remainder; others. Rest (n.) A surplus held as a reserved fund by a bank to equalize its dividends, etc.; in the Bank of England, the balance of assets above liabilities. Rest (v. i.) To be left; to remain; to continue to be. Restagnant (a.) Stagnant; motionless. Restagnate (v. i.) To stagnate; to cease to flow. Restagnation (n.) Stagnation. Restant (a.) Persistent. Restate (v. t.) To state anew. Restaurant (n.) An eating house. Restaurate (v. t.) To restore. Restaurateur (n.) The keeper of an eathing house or a restaurant. Restauration (n.) Restoration. Restem (v. t.) To force back against the current; as, to restem their backward course. Restem (v. t.) To stem, or move against; as, to restem a current. Restful (a.) Being at rest; quiet. Restful (a.) Giving rest; freeing from toil, trouble, etc. Rest-harrow (n.) A European leguminous plant (Ononis arvensis) with long, tough roots. Restiff (a.) Restive. Restiff (n.) A restive or stubborn horse. Restiffness (n.) Restiveness. Restiform (a.) Formed like a rope; -- applied especially to several ropelike bundles or masses of fibers on the dorsal side of the medulla oblongata. Restily (adv.) In a resty manner. Restinction (n.) Act of quenching or extingishing. Restiness (n.) The quality or state of being resty; sluggishness. Resting () a. & n. from Rest, v. t. & i. Restinguish (v. t.) To quench or extinguish. Restitute (v. t.) To restore to a former state. Restitute (n.) That which is restored or offered in place of something; a substitute. Restitution (v.) The act of restoring anything to its rightful owner, or of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage, or injury; indemnification. Restitution (v.) That which is offered or given in return for what has been lost, injured, or destroved; compensation. Restitution (v.) The act of returning to, or recovering, a former state; as, the restitution of an elastic body. Restitution (v.) The movement of rotetion which usually occurs in childbirth after the head has been delivered, and which causes the latter to point towards the side to which it was directed at the beginning of labor. Restitutor (n.) One who makes restitution. Restive (a.) Unwilling to go on; obstinate in refusing to move forward; stubborn; drawing back. Restive (a.) Inactive; sluggish. Restive (a.) Impatient under coercion, chastisement, or opposition; refractory. Restive (a.) Uneasy; restless; averse to standing still; fidgeting about; -- applied especially to horses. Restless (a.) Never resting; unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; as, a restless child. Restless (a.) Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse to repose or quiet; eager for change; discontented; as, restless schemers; restless ambition; restless subjects. Restless (a.) Deprived of rest or sleep. Restless (a.) Passed in unquietness; as, the patient has had a restless night. Restless (a.) Not affording rest; as, a restless chair. Restorable (a.) Admitting of being restored; capable of being reclaimed; as, restorable land. Restoral (n.) Restoration. Restoration (n.) The act of restoring or bringing back to a former place, station, or condition; the fact of being restored; renewal; reestablishment; as, the restoration of friendship between enemies; the restoration of peace after war. Restoration (n.) The state of being restored; recovery of health, strength, etc.; as, restoration from sickness. Restoration (n.) That which is restored or renewed. Restorationer (n.) A Restorationist. Restorationism (n.) The belief or doctrines of the Restorationists. Restorationist (n.) One who believes in a temporary future punishment and a final restoration of all to the favor and presence of God; a Universalist. Restorative (a.) Of or pertaining to restoration; having power to restore. Restorative (n.) Something which serves to restore; especially, a restorative medicine. Restoratively (adv.) In a restorative manner. Restorator (n.) A restaurateur. Restoratory (a.) Restorative. Re-store (v. t.) To store again; as, the goods taken out were re-stored. Restored (imp. & p. p.) of Restore Restoring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Restore Restore (v. t.) To bring back to its former state; to bring back from a state of ruin, decay, disease, or the like; to repair; to renew; to recover. Restore (v. t.) To give or bring back, as that which has been lost., or taken away; to bring back to the owner; to replace. Restore (v. t.) To renew; to reestablish; as, to restore harmony among those who are variance. Restore (v. t.) To give in place of, or as satisfaction for. Restore (v. t.) To make good; to make amends for. Restore (v. t.) To bring back from a state of injury or decay, or from a changed condition; as, to restore a painting, statue, etc. Restore (v. t.) To form a picture or model of, as of something lost or mutilated; as, to restore a ruined building, city, or the like. Restore (n.) Restoration. Restorement (n.) Restoration. Restorer (n.) One who, or that which, restores. Restrained (imp. & p. p.) of Restrain Restraining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Restrain Restrain (v. t.) To draw back again; to hold back from acting, proceeding, or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by any interposing obstacle; to repress or suppress; to keep down; to curb. Restrain (v. t.) To draw back toghtly, as a rein. Restrain (v. t.) To hinder from unlimited enjoiment; to abridge. Restrain (v. t.) To limit; to confine; to restrict. Restrain (v. t.) To withhold; to forbear. Restrainable (a.) Capable of being restrained; controllable. Restrainedly (adv.) With restraint. Restrainer (n.) One who, or that which, restrains. Restrainment (n.) The act of restraining. Restraint (n.) The act or process of restraining, or of holding back or hindering from motion or action, in any manner; hindrance of the will, or of any action, physical or mental. Restraint (n.) The state of being restrained. Restraint (n.) That which restrains, as a law, a prohibition, or the like; limitation; restriction. Restrengthen (v. t.) To strengthen again; to fortify anew. Restrict (a.) Restricted. Restricted (imp. & p. p.) of Restrict Restricting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Restrict Restrict (v. t.) To restrain within bounds; to limit; to confine; as, to restrict worlds to a particular meaning; to restrict a patient to a certain diet. Restriction (n.) The act of restricting, or state of being restricted; confinement within limits or bounds. Restriction (n.) That which restricts; limitation; restraint; as, restrictions on trade. Restrictionary (a.) Restrictive. Restrictive (a.) Serving or tending to restrict; limiting; as, a restrictive particle; restrictive laws of trade. Restrictive (a.) Astringent or styptic in effect. Restringed (imp. & p. p.) of Restringe Restringing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Restringe Restringe (v. t.) To confine; to contract; to stringe. Restringency (n.) Quality or state of being restringent; astringency. Restringent (a.) Restringing; astringent; styptic. Restringent (n.) A restringent medicine. Restrive (v. i.) To strive anew. Resty (a.) Disposed to rest; indisposed toexercton; sluggish; also, restive. Resubjection (n.) A second subjection. Resublime (v. t.) To sublime again. Resudation (n.) Act of sweating again. Resulted (imp. & p. p.) of Result Resulting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Result Result (v. i.) To leap back; to rebound. Result (v. i.) To come out, or have an issue; to terminate; to have consequences; -- followed by in; as, this measure will result in good or in evil. Result (v. i.) To proceed, spring, or rise, as a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, combination of circumstances, consultation, thought, or endeavor. Result (n.) A flying back; resilience. Result (n.) That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect; as, the result of a course of action; the result of a mathematical operation. Result (n.) The decision or determination of a council or deliberative assembly; a resolve; a decree. Resultance (n.) The act of resulting; that which results; a result. Resultant (a.) Resulting or issuing from a combination; existing or following as a result or consequence. Resultant (n.) That which results. Resultant (n.) A reultant force or motion. Resultant (n.) An eliminant. Resultate (n.) A result. Resultful (a.) HAving results or effects. Resultive (a.) Resultant. Resultless (a.) Being without result; as, resultless investigations. Resumable (a.) Capable of, or admitting of, being resumed. Resume (n.) A summing up; a condensed statement; an abridgment or brief recapitulation. Resumed (imp. & p. p.) of Resume Resuming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resume Resume (v. t.) To take back. Resume (v. t.) To enter upon, or take up again. Resume (v. t.) To begin again; to recommence, as something which has been interrupted; as, to resume an argument or discourse. Resummon (v. t.) To summon again. Resummons (n.) A second summons. Resumption (n.) The act of resuming; as, the resumption of a grant, of delegated powers, of an argument, of specie payments, etc. Resumption (n.) The taking again into the king's hands of such lands or tenements as he had granted to any man on false suggestions or other error. Resumptive (a.) Taking back; resuming, or tending toward resumption; as, resumptive measures. Resupinate (a.) Inverted in position; appearing to be upside down or reversed, as the flowers of the orchis and the leaves of some plants. Resupinated (a.) Resupinate. Resupination (n.) The state of luing on the back; the state of being resupinate, or reversed. Resupine (a.) Lying on the back; supine; hence, careless. Resupply (v. t.) To supply again. Resurgence (n.) The act of rising again; resurrection. Resurgent (a.) Rising again, as from the dead. Resurgent (n.) One who rises again, as from the dead. Resurrect (v. t.) To take from the grave; to disinter. Resurrect (v. t.) To reanimate; to restore to life; to bring to view (that which was forgotten or lost). Resurrection (n.) A rising again; the resumption of vigor. Resurrection (n.) Especially, the rising again from the dead; the resumption of life by the dead; as, the resurrection of Jesus Christ; the general resurrection of all the dead at the Day of Judgment. Resurrection (n.) State of being risen from the dead; future state. Resurrection (n.) The cause or exemplar of a rising from the dead. Resurrectionist (n.) One who steals bodies from the grave, as for dissection. Resurrectionize (v. t.) To raise from the dead. Resurvey (v. t.) To survey again or anew; to review. Resurvey (n.) A second or new survey. Resuscitable (a.) Capable of resuscitation; as, resuscitable plants. Resuscitant (n.) One who, or that which resuscitates. Also used adjectively. Resuscitate (a.) Restored to life. Resuscitated (imp. & p. p.) of Resuscitate Resuscitating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resuscitate Resuscitate (v. t.) To revivify; to revive; especially, to recover or restore from apparent death; as, to resuscitate a drowned person; to resuscitate withered plants. Resuscitate (v. i.) To come to life again; to revive. Resuscitation (n.) The act of resuscitating, or state of being resuscitated. Resuscitative (a.) Tending to resuscitate; reviving; revivifying. Resuscitator (n.) One who, or that which, resuscitates. Ret (v. t.) See Aret. Ret (v. t.) To prepare for use, as flax, by separating the fibers from the woody part by process of soaking, macerating, and other treatment. Retable (n.) A shelf behind the altar, for display of lights, vases of wlowers, etc. Retail (v.) The sale of commodities in small quantities or parcels; -- opposed to wholesale; sometimes, the sale of commodities at second hand. Retail (a.) Done at retail; engaged in retailing commodities; as a retail trade; a retail grocer. Retailed (imp. & p. p.) of Retail Retailing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retail Retail (n.) To sell in small quantities, as by the single yard, pound, gallon, etc.; to sell directly to the consumer; as, to retail cloth or groceries. Retail (n.) To sell at second hand. Retail (n.) To distribute in small portions or at second hand; to tell again or to many (what has been told or done); to report; as, to retail slander. Retailer (n.) One who retails anything; as, a retailer of merchandise; a retailer of gossip. Retailment (n.) The act of retailing. Retained (imp. & p. p.) of Retain Retaining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retain Retain (v. t.) To continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose, part with, or dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape, or the like. Retain (v. t.) To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee paid; to hire; to engage; as, to retain a counselor. Retain (v. t.) To restrain; to prevent. Retain (v. i.) To belong; to pertain. Retain (v. i.) To keep; to continue; to remain. Retainable (a.) Capable of being retained. Retainal (n.) The act of retaining; retention. Retainer (n.) One who, or that which, retains. Retainer (n.) One who is retained or kept in service; an attendant; an adherent; a hanger-on. Retainer (n.) Hence, a servant, not a domestic, but occasionally attending and wearing his master's livery. Retainer (n.) The act of a client by which he engages a lawyer or counselor to manage his cause. Retainer (n.) The act of withholding what one has in his hands by virtue of some right. Retainer (n.) A fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to maintain a cause, or to prevent his being employed by the opposing party in the case; -- called also retaining fee. Retainer (n.) The act of keeping dependents, or the state of being in dependence. Retainment (n.) The act of retaining; retention. Retake (v. t.) To take or receive again. Retake (v. t.) To take from a captor; to recapture; as, to retake a ship or prisoners. Retaker (n.) One who takes again what has been taken; a recaptor. Retaliated (imp. & p. p.) of Retaliate Retaliating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retaliate Retaliate (v. t.) To return the like for; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind; to return evil for (evil). [Now seldom used except in a bad sense.] Retaliate (v. i.) To return like for like; specifically, to return evil for evil; as, to retaliate upon an enemy. Retaliation (n.) The act of retaliating, or of returning like for like; retribution; now, specifically, the return of evil for evil; e.g., an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Retaliative (a.) Same as Retaliatory. Retaliatory (a.) Tending to, or involving, retaliation; retaliative; as retaliatory measures. Retarded (imp. & p. p.) of Retard Retarding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retard Retard (v. t.) To keep delaying; to continue to hinder; to prevent from progress; to render more slow in progress; to impede; to hinder; as, to retard the march of an army; to retard the motion of a ship; -- opposed to accelerate. Retard (v. t.) To put off; to postpone; as, to retard the attacks of old age; to retard a rupture between nations. Retard (v. i.) To stay back. Retard (n.) Retardation; delay. Retardation (n.) The act of retarding; hindrance; the act of delaying; as, the retardation of the motion of a ship; -- opposed to acceleration. Retardation (n.) That which retards; an obstacle; an obstruction. Retardation (n.) The keeping back of an approaching consonant chord by prolonging one or more tones of a previous chord into the intermediate chord which follows; -- differing from suspension by resolving upwards instead of downwards. Retardation (n.) The extent to which anything is retarded; the amount of retarding or delay. Retardative (a.) Tending, or serving, to retard. Retarder (n.) One who, or that which, retards. Retardment (n.) The act of retarding; retardation. Retched (imp. & p. p.) of Retch Retching (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retch Retch (v. i.) To make an effort to vomit; to strain, as in vomiting. Retch (v. t. & i.) To care for; to heed; to reck. Retchless (a.) Careless; reckless. Rete (n.) A net or network; a plexus; particularly, a network of blood vessels or nerves, or a part resembling a network. Retecious (a.) Resembling network; retiform. Retection (n.) Act of disclosing or uncovering something concealed. Retell (v. t.) To tell again. Retene (n.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon, polymeric with benzene. It is extracted from pine tar, and is also found in certain fossil resins. Retent (n.) That which is retained. Retention (n.) The act of retaining, or the state of being ratined. Retention (n.) The power of retaining; retentiveness. Retention (n.) That which contains something, as a tablet; a //// of preserving impressions. Retention (n.) The act of withholding; retraint; reserve. Retention (n.) Place of custody or confinement. Retention (n.) The right of withholding a debt, or of retaining property until a debt due to the person claiming the right be duly paid; a lien. Retentive (a.) Having power to retain; as, a retentive memory. Retentive (n.) That which retains or confines; a restraint. Retentively (adv.) In a retentive manner. Retentiveness (n.) The quality of being retentive. Retentivity (n.) The power of retaining; retentive force; as, the retentivity of a magnet. Retentor (n.) A muscle which serves to retain an organ or part in place, esp. when retracted. See Illust. of Phylactolemata. Retepore (n.) Any one of several species of bryozoans of the genus Retepora. They form delicate calcareous corals, usually composed of thin fenestrated fronds. Retex (v. t.) To annual, as orders. Retexture (n.) The act of weaving or forming again. Rethor (n.) A rhetorician; a careful writer. Rethoryke (n.) Rhetoric. Retiarius (n.) A gladiator armed with a net for entangling his adversary and a trident for despatching him. Retiary (n.) Any spider which spins webs to catch its prey. Retiary (n.) A retiarius. Retiary (a.) Netlike. Retiary (a.) Constructing or using a web, or net, to catch prey; -- said of certain spiders. Retiary (a.) Armed with a net; hence, skillful to entangle. Reticence (n.) The quality or state of being reticent, or keeping silence; the state of holding one's tonque; refraining to speak of that which is suggested; uncommunicativeness. Reticence (n.) A figure by which a person really speaks of a thing while he makes a show as if he would say nothingon the subject. Reticency (n.) Reticence. Reticent (a.) Inclined to keep silent; reserved; uncommunicative. Reticle (n.) A small net. Reticle (n.) A reticule. See Reticule, 2. Reticular (a.) Having the form of a net, or of network; formed with interstices; retiform; as, reticular cartilage; a reticular leaf. Reticular (a.) Of or pertaining to a reticulum. Reticularia (n. pl.) An extensive division of rhizopods in which the pseudopodia are more or less slender and coalesce at certain points, forming irregular meshes. It includes the shelled Foraminifera, together with some groups which lack a true shell. Reticularian (n.) One of the Reticularia. Reticularly (adv.) In a reticular manner. Reticulate (a.) Alt. of Reticulated Reticulated (a.) Resembling network; having the form or appearance of a net; netted; as, a reticulated structure. Reticulated (a.) Having veins, fibers, or lines crossing like the threads or fibers of a network; as, a reticulate leaf; a reticulated surface; a reticulated wing of an insect. Reticulation (n.) The quality or state of being reticulated, or netlike; that which is reticulated; network; an organization resembling a net. Reticule (n..) A little bag, originally of network; a woman's workbag, or a little bag to be carried in the hand. Reticule (n..) A system of wires or lines in the focus of a telescope or other instrument; a reticle. Reticulosa (n. pl.) Same as Reticularia. Reticulose (a.) Forming a network; characterized by a reticulated sructure. Reticula (pl. ) of Reticulum Reticulum (n.) The second stomach of ruminants, in which folds of the mucous membrane form hexagonal cells; -- also called the honeycomb stomach. Reticulum (n.) The neuroglia. Retiform (a.) Composed of crossing lines and interstices; reticular; netlike; as, the retiform coat of the eye. Retina (n.) The delicate membrane by which the back part of the globe of the eye is lined, and in which the fibers of the optic nerve terminate. See Eye. Retinacula (pl. ) of Retinaculum Retinaculum (n.) A connecting band; a fraenum; as, the retinacula of the ileocaecal and ileocolic valves. Retinaculum (n.) One of the annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones at the larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle. Retinaculum (n.) One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of certain worms. Retinaculum (n.) A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; as, the glandular retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants. Retinal (a.) Of or pertaining to the retina. Retinalite (n.) A translucent variety of serpentine, of a honey yellow or greenish yellow color, having a waxy resinlike luster. Retinasphalt (n.) Alt. of Retinasphaltum Retinasphaltum (n.) Retinite. Retinerved (a.) Having reticulated veins. Retinea (pl. ) of Retineum Retineum (n.) That part of the eye of an invertebrate which corresponds in function with the retina of a vertebrate. Retinic (a.) Of or pertaining to resin; derived from resin; specifically, designating an acid found in certain fossil resins and hydrocarbons. Retinite (n.) An inflammable mineral resin, usually of a yellowish brown color, found in roundish masses, sometimes with coal. Retinitis (n.) Inflammation of the retina. Retinoid (a.) Resinlike, or resinform; resembling a resin without being such. Retinol (n.) A hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, -- used in printer's ink. Retiniphorae (pl. ) of Retinophora Retinophora (n.) One of group of two to four united cells which occupy the axial part of the ocelli, or ommatidia, of the eyes of invertebrates, and contain the terminal nerve fibrillae. See Illust. under Ommatidium. Retinophoral (a.) Of or pertaining to retinophorae. Retinoscopy (n.) The study of the retina of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscope. Retinue (n.) The body of retainers who follow a prince or other distinguished person; a train of attendants; a suite. Retinulae (pl. ) of Retinula Retinula (n.) One of the group of pigmented cells which surround the retinophorae of invertebrates. See Illust. under Ommatidium. Retinulate (a.) Having, or characterized by, retinul/. Retiped (n.) A bird having small polygonal scales covering the tarsi. Retiracy (n.) Retirement; -- mostly used in a jocose or burlesque way. Retirade (n.) A kind of retrenchment, as in the body of a bastion, which may be disputed inch by inch after the defenses are dismantled. It usually consists of two faces which make a reentering angle. Retired (imp. & p. p.) of Retire Retiring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retire Retire (v. t.) To withdraw; to take away; -- sometimes used reflexively. Retire (v. t.) To withdraw from circulation, or from the market; to take up and pay; as, to retire bonds; to retire a note. Retire (v. t.) To cause to retire; specifically, to designate as no longer qualified for active service; to place on the retired list; as, to retire a military or naval officer. Retire (v. i.) To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof; to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into privacy; as, to retire to his home; to retire from the world, or from notice. Retire (v. i.) To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw for safety or pleasure; as, to retire from battle. Retire (v. i.) To withdraw from a public station, or from business; as, having made a large fortune, he retired. Retire (v. i.) To recede; to fall or bend back; as, the shore of the sea retires in bays and gulfs. Retire (v. i.) To go to bed; as, he usually retires early. Retire (n.) The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; also, a place to which one retires. Retire (n.) A call sounded on a bugle, announcing to skirmishers that they are to retire, or fall back. Retired (a.) Private; secluded; quiet; as, a retired life; a person of retired habits. Retired (a.) Withdrawn from active duty or business; as, a retired officer; a retired physician. Retirement (n.) The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; withdrawal; seclusion; as, the retirement of an officer. Retirement (n.) A place of seclusion or privacy; a place to which one withdraws or retreats; a private abode. Retirer (n.) One who retires. Retiring (a.) Reserved; shy; not forward or obtrusive; as, retiring modesty; retiring manners. Retiring (a.) Of or pertaining to retirement; causing retirement; suited to, or belonging to, retirement. Retistene (n.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon produced indirectly from retene. Retitelae (n. pl.) A group of spiders which spin irregular webs; -- called also Retitelariae. Retold () imp. & p. p. of Retell. Retorsion (n.) Same as Retortion. Retorted (imp. & p. p.) of Retort Retorting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retort Retort (n.) To bend or curve back; as, a retorted line. Retort (n.) To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect. Retort (n.) To return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or incivility; as, to retort the charge of vanity. Retort (v. i.) To return an argument or a charge; to make a severe reply. Retort (v. t.) The return of, or reply to, an argument, charge, censure, incivility, taunt, or witticism; a quick and witty or severe response. Retort (v. t.) A vessel in which substances are subjected to distillation or decomposition by heat. It is made of different forms and materials for different uses, as a bulb of glass with a curved beak to enter a receiver for general chemical operations, or a cylinder or semicylinder of cast iron for the manufacture of gas in gas works. Retorter (n.) One who retorts. Retortion (v. t.) Act of retorting or throwing back; reflection or turning back. Retortion (v. t.) Retaliation. Retortive (a.) Containing retort. Retoss (v. t.) To toss back or again. Retouch (v. t.) To touch again, or rework, in order to improve; to revise; as, to retouch a picture or an essay. Retouch (v. t.) To correct or change, as a negative, by handwork. Retouch (n.) A partial reworking,as of a painting, a sculptor's clay model, or the like. Retoucher (n.) One who retouches. Retrace (v. t.) To trace back, as a line. Retrace (v. t.) To go back, in or over (a previous course); to go over again in a reverse direction; as, to retrace one's steps; to retrace one's proceedings. Retrace (v. t.) To trace over again, or renew the outline of, as a drawing; to draw again. Retracted (imp. & p. p.) of Retract Retracting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retract Retract (v. t.) To draw back; to draw up or shorten; as, the cat can retract its claws; to retract a muscle. Retract (v. t.) To withdraw; to recall; to disavow; to recant; to take back; as, to retract an accusation or an assertion. Retract (v. t.) To take back,, as a grant or favor previously bestowed; to revoke. Retract (v. i.) To draw back; to draw up; as, muscles retract after amputation. Retract (v. i.) To take back what has been said; to withdraw a concession or a declaration. Retract (n.) The pricking of a horse's foot in nailing on a shoe. Retractable (a.) Capable of being retracted; retractile. Retractate (v. t.) To retract; to recant. Retractation (n.) The act of retracting what has been said; recantation. Retractible (a.) Retractable. Retractile (a.) Capable of retraction; capable of being drawn back or up; as, the claws of a cat are retractile. Retraction (n.) The act of retracting, or drawing back; the state of being retracted; as, the retraction of a cat's claws. Retraction (n.) The act of withdrawing something advanced, stated, claimed, or done; declaration of change of opinion; recantation. Retraction (n.) The act of retracting or shortening; as, the retraction of a severed muscle; the retraction of a sinew. Retraction (n.) The state or condition of a part when drawn back, or towards the center of the body. Retractive (a.) Serving to retract; of the nature of a retraction. Retractive (n.) That which retracts, or withdraws. Retractor (n.) One who, or that which, retracts. Retractor (n.) In breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a cartridge shell from the barrel. Retractor (n.) An instrument for holding apart the edges of a wound during amputation. Retractor (n.) A bandage to protect the soft parts from injury by the saw during amputation. Retractor (n.) A muscle serving to draw in any organ or part. See Illust. under Phylactolaemata. Retraict (n.) Retreat. Retrait (n.) A portrait; a likeness. Retransform (v. t.) To transform anew or back. Retranslate (v. t.) To translate anew; especially, to translate back into the original language. Retraxit (n.) The withdrawing, or open renunciation, of a suit in court by the plaintiff, by which he forever lost his right of action. Retread (v. t. & i.) To tread again. Retreat (n.) The act of retiring or withdrawing one's self, especially from what is dangerous or disagreeable. Retreat (n.) The place to which anyone retires; a place or privacy or safety; a refuge; an asylum. Retreat (n.) The retiring of an army or body of men from the face of an enemy, or from any ground occupied to a greater distance from the enemy, or from an advanced position. Retreat (n.) The withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy for the purpose of avoiding an engagement or escaping after defeat. Retreat (n.) A signal given in the army or navy, by the beat of a drum or the sounding of trumpet or bugle, at sunset (when the roll is called), or for retiring from action. Retreat (n.) A special season of solitude and silence to engage in religious exercises. Retreat (n.) A period of several days of withdrawal from society to a religious house for exclusive occupation in the duties of devotion; as, to appoint or observe a retreat. Retreated (imp. & p. p.) of Retreat Retreating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retreat Retreat (v. i.) To make a retreat; to retire from any position or place; to withdraw; as, the defeated army retreated from the field. Retreatful (a.) Furnishing or serving as a retreat. Retreatment (n.) The act of retreating; specifically, the Hegira. Retrenched (imp. & p. p.) of Retrench Retrenching (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrench Retrench (v. t.) To cut off; to pare away. Retrench (v. t.) To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench superfluities or expenses. Retrench (v. t.) To confine; to limit; to restrict. Retrench (v. t.) To furnish with a retrenchment; as, to retrench bastions. Retrench (v. i.) To cause or suffer retrenchment; specifically, to cut down living expenses; as, it is more reputable to retrench than to live embarrassed. Retrenchment (n.) The act or process of retrenching; as, the retrenchment of words in a writing. Retrenchment (n.) A work constructed within another, to prolong the defense of the position when the enemy has gained possession of the outer work; or to protect the defenders till they can retreat or obtain terms for a capitulation. Retrial (n.) A secdond trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial trial, as of an accused person. Retribute (v. t.) To pay back; to give in return, as payment, reward, or punishment; to requite; as, to retribute one for his kindness; to retribute just punishment to a criminal. Retributer (n.) One who makes retribution. Retribution (n.) The act of retributing; repayment. Retribution (n.) That which is given in repayment or compensation; return suitable to the merits or deserts of, as an action; commonly, condign punishment for evil or wrong. Retribution (n.) Specifically, reward and punishment, as distributed at the general judgment. Retributive (a.) Alt. of Retributory Retributory (a.) Of or pertaining to retribution; of the nature of retribution; involving retribution or repayment; as, retributive justice; retributory comforts. Retrievable (a.) That may be retrieved or recovered; admitting of retrieval. Retrieval (n.) The act retrieving. Retrieved (imp. & p. p.) of Retrieve Retrieving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrieve Retrieve (v. t.) To find again; to recover; to regain; to restore from loss or injury; as, to retrieve one's character; to retrieve independence. Retrieve (v. t.) To recall; to bring back. Retrieve (v. t.) To remedy the evil consequence of, to repair, as a loss or damadge. Retrieve (v. i.) To discover and bring in game that has been killed or wounded; as, a dog naturally inclined to retrieve. Retrieve (n.) A seeking again; a discovery. Retrieve (n.) The recovery of game once sprung; -- an old sporting term. Retrievement (n.) Retrieval. Retriever (n.) One who retrieves. Retriever (n.) A dor, or a breed of dogs, chiefly employed to retrieve, or to find and recover game birds that have been killed or wounded. Retrim (v. t.) To trim again. Retriment (n.) Refuse; dregs. Retro- () A prefix or combining form signifying backward, back; as, retroact, to act backward; retrospect, a looking back. Retroact (v. i.) To act backward, or in return; to act in opposition; to be retrospective. Retroaction (n.) Action returned, or action backward. Retroaction (n.) Operation on something past or preceding. Retroactive (a.) Fitted or designed to retroact; operating by returned action; affecting what is past; retrospective. Retroactively (adv.) In a retroactive manner. Retrocede (v. t.) To cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a former proprietor. Retrocede (v. i.) To go back. Retrocedent (a.) Disposed or likely to retrocede; -- said of diseases which go from one part of the body to another, as the gout. Retrocession (n.) The act of retroceding. Retrocession (n.) The state of being retroceded, or granted back. Retrocession (n.) Metastasis of an eruption or a tumor from the surface to the interior of the body. Retrochoir (n.) Any extension of a church behind the high altar, as a chapel; also, in an apsidal church, all the space beyond the line of the back or eastern face of the altar. Retrocopulant (a.) Copulating backward, or from behind. Retrocopulation (n.) Copulation from behind. Retroduction (n.) A leading or bringing back. Retroflex (a.) Alt. of Retroflexed Retroflexed (a.) Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly backward. Retroflexion (n.) The act of reflexing; the state of being retroflexed. Cf. Retroversion. Retrofract (a.) Alt. of Retrofracted Retrofracted (a.) Refracted; as, a retrofract stem. Retrogenerative (a.) Begetting young by retrocopulation. Retrogradation (n.) The act of retrograding, or moving backward. Retrogradation (n.) The state of being retrograde; decline. Retrograde (a.) Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet. Retrograde (a.) Tending or moving backward; having a backward course; contrary; as, a retrograde motion; -- opposed to progressive. Retrograde (a.) Declining from a better to a worse state; as, a retrograde people; retrograde ideas, morals, etc. Retrograded (imp. & p. p.) of Retrograde Retrograding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrograde Retrograde (v. i.) To go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as a planet. Retrograde (v. i.) Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as in morals or intelligence. Retrogradingly (adv.) By retrograding; so as to retrograde. Retrogress (n.) Retrogression. Retrogression (n.) The act of retrograding, or going backward; retrogradation. Retrogression (n.) Backward development; a passing from a higher to a lower state of organization or structure, as when an animal, approaching maturity, becomes less highly organized than would be expected from its earlier stages or known relationship. Called also retrograde development, and regressive metamorphism. Retrogressive (a.) Tending to retrograde; going or moving backward; declining from a better to a worse state. Retrogressive (a.) Passing from a higher to a lower condition; declining from a more perfect state of organization; regressive. Retrogressively (adv.) In a retrogressive manner. Retromingency (n.) The quality or state of being retromingent. Retromingent (a.) Organized so as to discharge the urine backward. Retromingent (n.) An animal that discharges its urine backward. Retropulsive (a.) Driving back; repelling. Retrorse (a.) Bent backward or downward. Retrospect (v. i.) To look backward; hence, to affect or concern what is past. Retrospect (n.) A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of the past. Retrospection (n.) The act, or the faculty, of looking back on things past. Retrospective (a.) Looking backward; contemplating things past; -- opposed to prospective; as, a retrospective view. Retrospective (a.) Having reference to what is past; affecting things past; retroactive; as, a retrospective law. Retrospectively (adv.) By way of retrospect. Retrousse (a.) Turned up; -- said of a pug nose. Retrovaccination (n.) The inoculation of a cow with human vaccine virus. Retroversion (n.) A turning or bending backward; also, the state of being turned or bent backward; displacement backwards; as, retroversion of the uterus. Retroverted (imp. & p. p.) of Retrovert Retroverting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrovert Retrovert (v. t.) To turn back. Retroverted (a.) In a state of retroversion. Retruded (imp. & p. p.) of Retrude Retruding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrude Retrude (v. t.) To thrust back. Retruse (a.) Abstruse. Retrusion (n.) The act of retruding, or the state of being retruded. Retry (v. t.) To try (esp. judicially) a second time; as, to retry a case; to retry an accused person. Rette (v. t.) See Aret. Rettery (n.) A place or establishment where flax is retted. See Ret. Retting (n.) The act or process of preparing flax for use by soaking, maceration, and kindred processes; -- also called rotting. See Ret. Retting (n.) A place where flax is retted; a rettery. Retund (v. t.) To blunt; to turn, as an edge; figuratively, to cause to be obtuse or dull; as, to retund confidence. Re-turn (v. t. & i.) To turn again. Returned (imp. & p. p.) of Return Returning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Return Return (v. i.) To turn back; to go or come again to the same place or condition. Return (v. i.) To come back, or begin again, after an interval, regular or irregular; to appear again. Return (v. i.) To speak in answer; to reply; to respond. Return (v. i.) To revert; to pass back into possession. Return (v. i.) To go back in thought, narration, or argument. Return (v. t.) To bring, carry, send, or turn, back; as, to return a borrowed book, or a hired horse. Return (v. t.) To repay; as, to return borrowed money. Return (v. t.) To give in requital or recompense; to requite. Return (v. t.) To give back in reply; as, to return an answer; to return thanks. Return (v. t.) To retort; to throw back; as, to return the lie. Return (v. t.) To report, or bring back and make known. Return (v. t.) To render, as an account, usually an official account, to a superior; to report officially by a list or statement; as, to return a list of stores, of killed or wounded; to return the result of an election. Return (v. t.) Hence, to elect according to the official report of the election officers. Return (v. t.) To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an office, with a certificate of what has been done; as, to return a writ. Return (v. t.) To convey into official custody, or to a general depository. Return (v. t.) To bat (the ball) back over the net. Return (v. t.) To lead in response to the lead of one's partner; as, to return a trump; to return a diamond for a club. Return (n.) The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the same place or condition; as, the return of one long absent; the return of health; the return of the seasons, or of an anniversary. Return (n.) The act of returning (transitive), or sending back to the same place or condition; restitution; repayment; requital; retribution; as, the return of anything borrowed, as a book or money; a good return in tennis. Return (n.) That which is returned. Return (n.) A payment; a remittance; a requital. Return (n.) An answer; as, a return to one's question. Return (n.) An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, and the like; as, election returns; a return of the amount of goods produced or sold; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information. Return (n.) The profit on, or advantage received from, labor, or an investment, undertaking, adventure, etc. Return (n.) The continuation in a different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, as a molding or mold; -- applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer; thus, a facade of sixty feet east and west has a return of twenty feet north and south. Return (n.) The rendering back or delivery of writ, precept, or execution, to the proper officer or court. Return (n.) The certificate of an officer stating what he has done in execution of a writ, precept, etc., indorsed on the document. Return (n.) The sending back of a commission with the certificate of the commissioners. Return (n.) A day in bank. See Return day, below. Return (n.) An official account, report, or statement, rendered to the commander or other superior officer; as, the return of men fit for duty; the return of the number of the sick; the return of provisions, etc. Return (n.) The turnings and windings of a trench or mine. Returnable (a.) Capable of, or admitting of, being returned. Returnable (a.) Legally required to be returned, delivered, given, or rendered; as, a writ or precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict returnable to the court. Returner (n.) One who returns. Returnless (a.) Admitting no return. Retuse (a.) Having the end rounded and slightly indented; as, a retuse leaf. Reule (n.& v.) Rule. Reume (n.) Realm. Reunion (n.) A second union; union formed anew after separation, secession, or discord; as, a reunion of parts or particles of matter; a reunion of parties or sects. Reunion (n.) An assembling of persons who have been separated, as of a family, or the members of a disbanded regiment; an assembly so composed. Reunite (v. t. & i.) To unite again; to join after separation or variance. Reunitedly (adv.) In a reunited manner. Reunition (n.) A second uniting. Reurge (v. t.) To urge again. Revaccinate (v. t.) To vaccinate a second time or again. Revalescence (n.) The act of growing well; the state of being revalescent. Revalescent (a.) Growing well; recovering strength. Revaluation (n.) A second or new valuation. Revamp (v. t.) To vamp again; hence, to patch up; to reconstruct. Reve (v. t.) To reave. Reve (n.) An officer, steward, or governor. Revealed (imp. & p. p.) of Reveal Revealing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reveal Reveal (v. t.) To make known (that which has been concealed or kept secret); to unveil; to disclose; to show. Reveal (v. t.) Specifically, to communicate (that which could not be known or discovered without divine or supernatural instruction or agency). Reveal (n.) A revealing; a disclosure. Reveal (n.) The side of an opening for a window, doorway, or the like, between the door frame or window frame and the outer surface of the wall; or, where the opening is not filled with a door, etc., the whole thickness of the wall; the jamb. Revealability (n.) The quality or state of being revealable; revealableness. Revealable (a.) Capable of being revealed. Revealer (n.) One who, or that which, reveals. Revealment (n.) Act of revealing. Revegetate (v. i.) To vegetate anew. Reveille (n.) The beat of drum, or bugle blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the soldiers to rise, and for the sentinels to forbear challenging. Revel (n.) See Reveal. Revel (v. i.) A feast with loose and noisy jollity; riotous festivity or merrymaking; a carousal. Reveled (imp. & p. p.) of Revel Revelled () of Revel Reveling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revel Revelling () of Revel Revel (v. i.) To feast in a riotous manner; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian; to make merry. Revel (v. i.) To move playfully; to indulge without restraint. Revel (v. t.) To draw back; to retract. Revelate (v. t.) To reveal. Revelation (n.) The act of revealing, disclosing, or discovering to others what was before unknown to them. Revelation (n.) That which is revealed. Revelation (n.) The act of revealing divine truth. Revelation (n.) That which is revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible. Revelation (n.) Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon, containing the prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse. Revelator (n.) One who makes a revelation; a revealer. Reveler (n.) One who revels. Revellent (v. t.) Causing revulsion; revulsive. Revellent (n.) A revulsive medicine. Revelment (n.) The act of reveling. Revelous (a.) Fond of festivity; given to merrymaking or reveling. Revel-rout (n.) Tumultuous festivity; revelry. Revel-rout (n.) A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob. Revelry (n.) The act of engaging in a revel; noisy festivity; reveling. Revendicated (imp. & p. p.) of Revendicate Revendicating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revendicate Revendicate (v. t.) To reclaim; to demand the restoration of. Revendication (n.) The act of revendicating. Revenged (imp. & p. p.) of Revenge Revenging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revenge Revenge (v. t.) To inflict harm in return for, as an injury, insult, etc.; to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury; to avenge; -- followed either by the wrong received, or by the person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal pronoun as direct object, and a preposition before the wrong done or the wrongdoer. Revenge (v. t.) To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or malignant spirit; to wreak vengeance for maliciously. Revenge (v. i.) To take vengeance; -- with Revenge (n.) The act of revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning of evil for evil. Revenge (n.) The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing of evil to one who has done us an injury. Revengeable (a.) Capable of being revenged; as, revengeable wrong. Revengeance (n.) Vengeance; revenge. Revengeful (a.) Full of, or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious; revenging; wreaking revenge. Revengeless (a.) Unrevenged. Revengement (n.) Revenge. Revenger (n.) One who revenges. Revenging (a.) Executing revenge; revengeful. Revenue (n.) That which returns, or comes back, from an investment; the annual rents, profits, interest, or issues of any species of property, real or personal; income. Revenue (n.) Hence, return; reward; as, a revenue of praise. Revenue (n.) The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, etc., which a nation, state, or municipality collects and receives into the treasury for public use. Reverb (v. t.) To echo. Reverberant (a.) Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating. Reverberate (a.) Reverberant. Reverberate (a.) Driven back, as sound; reflected. Reverberated (imp. & p. p.) of Reverberate Reverberating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reverberate Reverberate (v. t.) To return or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo, as sound; to reflect, as light, as light or heat. Reverberate (v. t.) To send or force back; to repel from side to side; as, flame is reverberated in a furnace. Reverberate (v. t.) Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat. Reverberate (v. i.) To resound; to echo. Reverberate (v. i.) To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled, as rays of light; to be echoed, as sound. Reverberation (n.) The act of reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting light or heat, or reechoing sound; as, the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of voices; the reverberation of heat or flame in a furnace. Reverberative (a.) Of the nature of reverberation; tending to reverberate; reflective. Reverberator (n.) One who, or that which, produces reverberation. Reverberatory (a.) Producing reverberation; acting by reverberation; reverberative. Reverberatory (n.) A reverberatory furnace. Reverdure (v. t.) To cover again with verdure. Revered (imp. & p. p.) of Revere Revering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revere Revere (v. t.) To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation. Reverence (n.) Profound respect and esteem mingled with fear and affection, as for a holy being or place; the disposition to revere; veneration. Reverence (n.) The act of revering; a token of respect or veneration; an obeisance. Reverence (n.) That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state. Reverence (n.) A person entitled to be revered; -- a title applied to priests or other ministers with the pronouns his or your; sometimes poetically to a father. Reverenced (imp. & p. p.) of Reverence Reverencing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reverence Reverence (v. t.) To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate. Reverencer (n.) One who regards with reverence. Reverend (a.) Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection; venerable. Reverendly (adv.) Reverently. Reverent (a.) Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive; humble; respectful; as, reverent disciples. Reverent (a.) Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or submission; as, reverent words; reverent behavior. Reverential (a.) Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent quality; reverent; as, reverential fear or awe. Reverentially (adv.) In a reverential manner. Reverently (adv.) In a reverent manner; in respectful regard. Reverer (n.) One who reveres. Reveries (pl. ) of Revery Reverie (n.) Alt. of Revery Revery (n.) A loose or irregular train of thought occurring in musing or mediation; deep musing; daydream. Revery (n.) An extravagant conceit of the fancy; a vision. Reversal (a.) Intended to reverse; implying reversal. Reversal (n.) The act of reversing; the causing to move or face in an opposite direction, or to stand or lie in an inverted position; as, the reversal of a rotating wheel; the reversal of objects by a convex lens. Reversal (n.) A change or overthrowing; as, the reversal of a judgment, which amounts to an official declaration that it is false; the reversal of an attainder, or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void. Reverse (a.) Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite direction; hence; opposite or contrary in kind; as, the reverse order or method. Reverse (a.) Turned upside down; greatly disturbed. Reverse (a.) Reversed; as, a reverse shell. Reverse (a.) That which appears or is presented when anything, as a lance, a line, a course of conduct, etc., is reverted or turned contrary to its natural direction. Reverse (a.) That which is directly opposite or contrary to something else; a contrary; an opposite. Reverse (a.) The act of reversing; complete change; reversal; hence, total change in circumstances or character; especially, a change from better to worse; misfortune; a check or defeat; as, the enemy met with a reverse. Reverse (a.) The back side; as, the reverse of a drum or trench; the reverse of a medal or coin, that is, the side opposite to the obverse. See Obverse. Reverse (a.) A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of the hand; a backhanded stroke. Reverse (a.) A turn or fold made in bandaging, by which the direction of the bandage is changed. Reversed (imp. & p. p.) of Reverse Reversing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reverse Reverse (a.) To turn back; to cause to face in a contrary direction; to cause to depart. Reverse (a.) To cause to return; to recall. Reverse (a.) To change totally; to alter to the opposite. Reverse (a.) To turn upside down; to invert. Reverse (a.) Hence, to overthrow; to subvert. Reverse (a.) To overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to under or annual for error; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence, or decree. Reverse (v. i.) To return; to revert. Reverse (v. i.) To become or be reversed. Reversed (a.) Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to the contrary; specifically (Bot. & Zool.), sinistrorse or sinistral; as, a reversed, or sinistral, spiral or shell. Reversed (a.) Annulled and the contrary substituted; as, a reversed judgment or decree. Reversedly (adv.) In a reversed way. Reverseless (a.) Irreversible. Reversely (adv.) In a reverse manner; on the other hand; on the opposite. Reverser (n.) One who reverses. Reversibility (n.) The quality of being reversible. Reversible (a.) Capable of being reversed; as, a chair or seat having a reversible back; a reversible judgment or sentence. Reversible (a.) Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on both sides, so that either may be used; -- said of fabrics. Reversibly (adv.) In a reversible manner. Reversing (a.) Serving to effect reversal, as of motion; capable of being reversed. Reversion (n.) The act of returning, or coming back; return. Reversion (n.) That which reverts or returns; residue. Reversion (n.) The returning of an esttate to the grantor or his heirs, by operation of law, after the grant has terminated; hence, the residue of an estate left in the proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect in possession, by operation of law, after the termination of a limited or less estate carved out of it and conveyed by him. Reversion (n.) Hence, a right to future possession or enjoiment; succession. Reversion (n.) A payment which is not to be received, or a benefit which does not begin, until the happening of some event, as the death of a living person. Reversion (n.) A return towards some ancestral type or character; atavism. Reversionary (a.) Of or pertaining to a reversion; involving a reversion; to be enjoyed in succession, or after the termination of a particular estate; as, a reversionary interest or right. Reversionary (n.) That which is to be received in reversion. Reversioner (n.) One who has a reversion, or who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is terminated. Reversis (n.) A certain game at cards. Reverted (imp. & p. p.) of Revert Reverting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revert Revert (v. t.) To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse. Revert (v. t.) To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate. Revert (v. t.) To change back. See Revert, v. i. Revert (v. i.) To return; to come back. Revert (v. i.) To return to the proprietor after the termination of a particular estate granted by him. Revert (v. i.) To return, wholly or in part, towards some preexistent form; to take on the traits or characters of an ancestral type. Revert (v. i.) To change back, as from a soluble to an insoluble state or the reverse; thus, phosphoric acid in certain fertilizers reverts. Revert (n.) One who, or that which, reverts. Reverted (a.) Turned back; reversed. Specifically: (Her.) Bent or curved twice, in opposite directions, or in the form of an S. Revertent (n.) A remedy which restores the natural order of the inverted irritative motions in the animal system. Reverter (n.) One who, or that which, reverts. Reverter (n.) Reversion. Revertible (a.) Capable of, or admitting of, reverting or being reverted; as, a revertible estate. Revertive (a.) Reverting, or tending to revert; returning. Revery (n.) Same as Reverie. Revest (v. t.) To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe. Revest (v. t.) To vest again with possession or office; as, to revest a magistrate with authority. Revest (v. i.) To take effect or vest again, as a title; to revert to former owner; as, the title or right revests in A after alienation. Revestiary (n.) The apartment, in a church or temple, where the vestments, etc., are kept; -- now contracted into vestry. Revestry (n.) Same as Revestiary. Revestture (n.) Vesture. Revetted (imp. & p. p.) of Revet Revetting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revet Revet (v. t.) To face, as an embankment, with masonry, wood, or other material. Revetment (v. t.) A facing of wood, stone, or any other material, to sustain an embankment when it receives a slope steeper than the natural slope; also, a retaining wall. Revibrate (v. i.) To vibrate back or in return. Revict (v. t.) To reconquer. Reviction (n.) Return to life. Revictual (v. t.) To victual again. Revie (v. t.) To vie with, or rival, in return. Revie (v. t.) To meet a wager on, as on the taking of a trick, with a higher wager. Revie (v. i.) To exceed an adversary's wager in card playing. Revie (v. i.) To make a retort; to bandy words. Review/d (imp. & p. p.) of Review Reveiwing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Review Review (n.) To view or see again; to look back on. Review (n.) To go over and examine critically or deliberately. Review (n.) To reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before printing it, or a book for a new edition. Review (n.) To go over with critical examination, in order to discover exellences or defects; hence, to write a critical notice of; as, to review a new novel. Review (n.) To make a formal or official examination of the state of, as troops, and the like; as, to review a regiment. Review (n.) To reexamine judically; as, a higher court may review the proceedings and judgments of a lower one. Review (n.) To retrace; to go over again. Review (v. i.) To look back; to make a review. Review (n.) A second or repeated view; a reexamination; a retrospective survey; a looking over again; as, a review of one's studies; a review of life. Review (n.) An examination with a view to amendment or improvement; revision; as, an author's review of his works. Review (n.) A critical examination of a publication, with remarks; a criticism; a critique. Review (n.) A periodical containing critical essays upon matters of interest, as new productions in literature, art, etc. Review (n.) An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a naval force, by a high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of discipline, equipments, etc. Review (n.) The judicial examination of the proceedings of a lower court by a higher. Review (n.) A lesson studied or recited for a second time. Reviewable (a.) Capable of being reviewed. Reviewal (n.) A review. Reviewer (n.) One who reviews or reexamines; an inspector; one who examines publications critically, and publishes his opinion upon their merits; a professional critic of books. Revigorate (a.) Having new vigor or strength; invigorated anew. Revigorate (v. t.) To give new vigor to. Reviled (imp. & p. p.) of Revile Reviling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revile Revile (v. t. & i.) To address or abuse with opprobrious and contemptuous language; to reproach. Revile (n.) Reproach; reviling. Revilement (n.) The act of reviling; also, contemptuous language; reproach; abuse. Reviler (n.) One who reviles. Reviling (n.) Reproach; abuse; vilification. Reviling (a.) Uttering reproaches; containing reproaches. Revince (v. t.) To overcome; to refute, as error. Revindicate (v. t.) To vindicate again; to reclaim; to demand and take back. Revirescence (n.) A growing green or fresh again; renewal of youth or vigor. Revisable (a.) That may be revised. Revisal (n.) The act of revising, or reviewing and reexamining for correction and improvement; revision; as, the revisal of a manuscript; the revisal of a proof sheet; the revisal of a treaty. Revised (imp. & p. p.) of Revise Revising (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revise Revise (v. t.) To look at again for the detection of errors; to reexamine; to review; to look over with care for correction; as, to revise a writing; to revise a translation. Revise (v. t.) To compare (a proof) with a previous proof of the same matter, and mark again such errors as have not been corrected in the type. Revise (v. t.) To review, alter, and amend; as, to revise statutes; to revise an agreement; to revise a dictionary. Revise (n.) A review; a revision. Revise (n.) A second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after the first or a subsequent correction. Reviser (n.) One who revises. Revision (n.) The act of revising; reexamination for correction; review; as, the revision of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes. Revision (n.) That which is made by revising. Revisional (a.) Alt. of Revisionary Revisionary (a.) Of or pertaining to revision; revisory. Revisit (v. t.) To visit again. Revisit (v. t.) To revise. Revisitation (n.) The act of revisiting. Revisory (a.) Having the power or purpose to revise; revising. Revitalize (v. t.) To restore vitality to; to bring back to life. Revivable (a.) That may be revived. Revival (n.) The act of reviving, or the state of being revived. Revival (n.) Renewed attention to something, as to letters or literature. Revival (n.) Renewed performance of, or interest in, something, as the drama and literature. Revival (n.) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious interest. Revival (n.) Reanimation from a state of langour or depression; -- applied to the health, spirits, and the like. Revival (n.) Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or flourishing state of something, as of commerce, arts, agriculture. Revival (n.) Renewed prevalence of something, as a practice or a fashion. Revival (n.) Restoration of force, validity, or effect; renewal; as, the revival of a debt barred by limitation; the revival of a revoked will, etc. Revival (n.) Revivification, as of a metal. See Revivification, 2. Revivalism (n.) The spirit of religious revivals; the methods of revivalists. Revivalist (n.) A clergyman or layman who promotes revivals of religion; an advocate for religious revivals; sometimes, specifically, a clergyman, without a particular charge, who goes about to promote revivals. Also used adjectively. Revivalistic (a.) Pertaining to revivals. Revived (imp. & p. p.) of Revive Reviving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revive Revive (v. i.) To return to life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to become reanimated or reinvigorated. Revive (v. i.) Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion, obscurity, neglect, or depression; as, classical learning revived in the fifteenth century. Revive (v. i.) To recover its natural or metallic state, as a metal. Revive (v. i.) To restore, or bring again to life; to reanimate. Revive (v. i.) To raise from coma, languor, depression, or discouragement; to bring into action after a suspension. Revive (v. i.) Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or disuse; as, to revive letters or learning. Revive (v. i.) To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to recollection; to recall attention to; to reawaken. Revive (v. i.) To restore or reduce to its natural or metallic state; as, to revive a metal after calcination. Revivement (n.) Revival. Reviver (n.) One who, or that which, revives. Revivificate (v. t.) To revive; to recall or restore to life. Revivification (n.) Renewal of life; restoration of life; the act of recalling, or the state of being recalled, to life. Revivification (n.) The reduction of a metal from a state of combination to its metallic state. Revivify (v. t.) To cause to revive. Reviving (a. & n.) Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating. Reviviscence (n.) Alt. of Reviviscency Reviviscency (n.) The act of reviving, or the state of being revived; renewal of life. Reviviscent (a.) Able or disposed to revive; reviving. Revivor (n.) Revival of a suit which is abated by the death or marriage of any of the parties, -- done by a bill of revivor. Revocability (n.) The quality of being revocable; as, the revocability of a law. Revocable (a.) Capable of being revoked; as, a revocable edict or grant; a revocable covenant. Revocate (v. t.) To recall; to call back. Revocation (n.) The act of calling back, or the state of being recalled; recall. Revocation (n.) The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; as, the revocation of an edict, a power, a will, or a license. Revocatory (a.) Of or pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a revocation; revoking; recalling. Revoice (v. t.) To refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ pipe, so as to restore its tone. Revoked (imp. & p. p.) of Revoke Revoking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revoke Revoke (v. t.) To call or bring back; to recall. Revoke (v. t.) Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to repeal; to rescind; to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by a special act; as, , to revoke a will, a license, a grant, a permission, a law, or the like. Revoke (v. t.) To hold back; to repress; to restrain. Revoke (v. t.) To draw back; to withdraw. Revoke (v. t.) To call back to mind; to recollect. Revoke (v. i.) To fail to follow suit when holding a card of the suit led, in violation of the rule of the game; to renege. Revoke (n.) The act of revoking. Revokement (n.) Revocation. Revoker (n.) One who revokes. Revokingly (adv.) By way of revocation. Revolted (imp. & p. p.) of Revolt Revolting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revolt Revolt (n.) To turn away; to abandon or reject something; specifically, to turn away, or shrink, with abhorrence. Revolt (n.) Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or leader for another; especially, to renounce allegiance or subjection; to rise against a government; to rebel. Revolt (n.) To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended; hence, to feel nausea; -- with at; as, the stomach revolts at such food; his nature revolts at cruelty. Revolt (v. t.) To cause to turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to flight. Revolt (v. t.) To do violence to; to cause to turn away or shrink with abhorrence; to shock; as, to revolt the feelings. Revolt (n.) The act of revolting; an uprising against legitimate authority; especially, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to a government; rebellion; as, the revolt of a province of the Roman empire. Revolt (n.) A revolter. Revolter (n.) One who revolts. Revolting (a.) Causing abhorrence mixed with disgust; exciting extreme repugnance; loathsome; as, revolting cruelty. Revoluble (a.) Capable of revolving; rotatory; revolving. Revolute (a.) Rolled backward or downward. Revolution (n.) The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a center; the motion of a body round a fixed point or line; rotation; as, the revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its axis, etc. Revolution (n.) Return to a point before occupied, or to a point relatively the same; a rolling back; return; as, revolution in an ellipse or spiral. Revolution (n.) The space measured by the regular return of a revolving body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a measure of time, or by a succession of similar events. Revolution (n.) The motion of any body, as a planet or satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it returns to the same point again, or to a point relatively the same; -- designated as the annual, anomalistic, nodical, sidereal, or tropical revolution, according as the point of return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the revolution of the earth about the sun; the revolution of the moon about the earth. Revolution (n.) The motion of a point, line, or surface about a point or line as its center or axis, in such a manner that a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a surface (called a surface of revolution), and a moving surface a solid (called a solid of revolution); as, the revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of its sides generates a cone; the revolution of a semicircle about the diameter generates a sphere. Revolution (n.) A total or radical change; as, a revolution in one's circumstances or way of living. Revolution (n.) A fundamental change in political organization, or in a government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution of another, by the governed. Revolutionary (a.) Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution; as, revolutionary war; revolutionary measures; revolutionary agitators. Revolutionary (n.) A revolutionist. Revolutioner (n.) One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist. Revolutionism (n.) The state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or principles. Revolutionist (n.) One engaged in effecting a change of government; a favorer of revolution. Revolutioniezed (imp. & p. p.) of Revolutionize Revolutionizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revolutionize Revolutionize (v. t.) To change completely, as by a revolution; as, to revolutionize a government. Revolutive (a.) Inclined to revolve things in the mind; meditative. Revolvable (a.) That may be revolved. Revolved (imp. & p. p.) of Revolve Revolving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revolve Revolve (v. i.) To turn or roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel; to rotate, -- which is the more specific word in this sense. Revolve (v. i.) To move in a curved path round a center; as, the planets revolve round the sun. Revolve (v. i.) To pass in cycles; as, the centuries revolve. Revolve (v. i.) To return; to pass. Revolve (v. t.) To cause to turn, as on an axis. Revolve (v. t.) Hence, to turn over and over in the mind; to reflect repeatedly upon; to consider all aspects of. Revolvement (n.) Act of revolving. Revolvency (n.) The act or state of revolving; revolution. Revolver (n.) One who, or that which, revolves; specifically, a firearm ( commonly a pistol) with several chambers or barrels so arranged as to revolve on an axis, and be discharged in succession by the same lock; a repeater. Revolving (a.) Making a revolution or revolutions; rotating; -- used also figuratively of time, seasons, etc., depending on the revolution of the earth. Revulse (v. t.) To pull back with force. Revulsion (n.) A strong pulling or drawing back; withdrawal. Revulsion (n.) A sudden reaction; a sudden and complete change; -- applied to the feelings. Revulsion (n.) The act of turning or diverting any disease from one part of the body to another. It resembles derivation, but is usually applied to a more active form of counter irritation. Revulsive (a.) Causing, or tending to, revulsion. Revulsive (n.) That which causes revulsion; specifically (Med.), a revulsive remedy or agent. Rew (n.) A row. Rewake (v. t. & i.) To wake again. Rewarded (imp. & p. p.) of Reward Rewarding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reward Reward (v. t.) To give in return, whether good or evil; -- commonly in a good sense; to requite; to recompense; to repay; to compensate. Reward (n.) Regard; respect; consideration. Reward (n.) That which is given in return for good or evil done or received; esp., that which is offered or given in return for some service or attainment, as for excellence in studies, for the return of something lost, etc.; recompense; requital. Reward (n.) Hence, the fruit of one's labor or works. Reward (n.) Compensation or remuneration for services; a sum of money paid or taken for doing, or forbearing to do, some act. Rewardable (a.) Worthy of reward. Rewarder (n.) One who rewards. Rewardful (a.) Yielding reward. Rewardless (a.) Having, or affording, no reward. Rewe (v. t. & i.) To rue. Rewel bone () An obsolete phrase of disputed meaning, -- perhaps, smooth or polished bone. Rewet (n.) A gunlock. Rewful (a.) Rueful. Rewin (v. t.) To win again, or win back. Rewle (n. & v.) Rule. Rewme (n.) Realm. Reword (v. t.) To repeat in the same words; to reecho. Reword (v. t.) To alter the wording of; to restate in other words; as, to reword an idea or a passage. Rewrite (v. t.) To write again. Rewth (n.) Ruth. Reges (pl. ) of Rex Rex (n.) A king. Reyn (n.) Rain or rein. Reynard (n.) An appelation applied after the manner of a proper name to the fox. Same as Renard. Reyse (v. t.) To raise. Reyse (v. i.) To go on a military expedition. Rhabarbarate (a.) Impregnated or tinctured with rhubarb. Rhabarbarin (n.) Alt. of Rhabarbarine Rhabarbarine (n.) Chrysophanic acid. Rhabdite (n.) A minute smooth rodlike or fusiform structure found in the tissues of many Turbellaria. Rhabdite (n.) One of the hard parts forming the ovipositor of insects. Rhabdocoela (n. pl.) A suborder of Turbellaria including those that have a simple cylindrical, or saclike, stomach, without an intestine. Rhabdocoelous (a.) Of or pertaining to the Rhabdocoela. Rhabdoidal (a.) See Sagittal. Rhabdolith (n.) A minute calcareous rodlike structure found both at the surface and the bottom of the ocean; -- supposed by some to be a calcareous alga. Rhabdology (n.) Same as Rabdology. Rhabdom (n.) One of numerous minute rodlike structures formed of two or more cells situated behind the retinulae in the compound eyes of insects, etc. See Illust. under Ommatidium. Rhabdomancy (n.) Same as Rabdomancy. Rhabdomere (n.) One of the several parts composing a rhabdom. Rhabdophora (n. pl.) An extinct division of Hydrozoa which includes the graptolities. Rhabdopleura (n.) A genus of marine Bryozoa in which the tubular cells have a centralchitinous axis and the tentacles are borne on a bilobed lophophore. It is the type of the order Pterobranchia, or Podostomata Rhabdosphere (n.) A minute sphere composed of rhabdoliths. Rhachialgia (n.) See Rachialgia. Rhachidian (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhachis; as, the rhachidian teeth of a mollusk. Rhachiglossa (n. pl.) A division of marine gastropods having a retractile proboscis and three longitudinal rows of teeth on the radula. It includes many of the large ornamental shells, as the miters, murices, olives, purpuras, volutes, and whelks. See Illust. in Append. Rhachilla (n.) A branch of inflorescence; the zigzag axis on which the florets are arranged in the spikelets of grasses. Rhachiodont (a.) Having gular teeth formed by a peculiar modification of the inferior spines of some of the vertebrae, as certain South African snakes (Dasypeltis) which swallow birds' eggs and use these gular teeth to crush them. Rhachises (pl. ) of Rhachis Rhachides (pl. ) of Rhachis Rhachis (n.) The spine. Rhachis (n.) The continued stem or midrib of a pinnately compound leaf, as in a rose leaf or a fern. Rhachis (n.) The principal axis in a raceme, spike, panicle, or corymb. Rhachis (n.) The shaft of a feather. The rhachis of the after-shaft, or plumule, is called the hyporhachis. Rhachis (n.) The central cord in the stem of a crinoid. Rhachis (n.) The median part of the radula of a mollusk. Rhachis (n.) A central cord of the ovary of nematodes. Rhachitis (n.) See Rachitis. Rhadamanthine (a.) Of or pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously just; as, a Rhadamanthine judgment. Rhadamanthus (n.) One of the three judges of the infernal regions; figuratively, a strictly just judge. Rh/tian (a & n.) Rhetain. Rh/tic (a.) Pertaining to, or of the same horizon as, certain Mesozoic strata of the Rhetian Alps. These strata are regarded as closing the Triassic period. See the Chart of Geology. Rh/tizite (n.) A variety of the mineral cyanite. Rhamadan (n.) See Ramadan. Rhamnaceous (a.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of shrubs and trees (Rhamnaceae, or Rhamneae) of which the buckthorn (Rhamnus) is the type. It includes also the New Jersey tea, the supple-jack, and one of the plants called lotus (Zizyphus). Rhamnus (n.) A genus of shrubs and small trees; buckthorn. The California Rhamnus Purshianus and the European R. catharticus are used in medicine. The latter is used for hedges. Rhamphorhynchus (n.) A genus of pterodactyls in which the elongated tail supported a leathery expansion at the tip. Rhamphothecae (pl. ) of Rhamphotheca Rhamphotheca (n.) The horny covering of the bill of birds. Rhaphe (n.) The continuation of the seed stalk along the side of an anatropous ovule or seed, forming a ridge or seam. Rhaphides (n. pl.) Minute transparent, often needle-shaped, crystals found in the tissues of plants. Rhaponticine (n.) Chrysophanic acid. Rhapsode (n.) A rhapsodist. Rhapsoder (n.) A rhapsodist. Rhapsodic (a.) Alt. of Rhapsodic Rhapsodic (a.) Of or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; hence, confused; unconnected. Rhapsodist (n.) Anciently, one who recited or composed a rhapsody; especially, one whose profession was to recite the verses of Hormer and other epic poets. Rhapsodist (n.) Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a livelihood; one who makes and repeats verses extempore. Rhapsodist (n.) One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with great excitement or affectation of feeling. Rhapsodized (imp. & p. p.) of Rhapsodize Rhapsodizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rhapsodize Rhapsodize (v. t.) To utter as a rhapsody, or in the manner of a rhapsody Rhapsodize (v. i.) To utter rhapsodies. Rhapsodomancy (n.) Divination by means of verses. Rhapsodies (pl. ) of Rhapsody Rhapsody (n.) A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic poem adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one time; hence, a division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; -- called also a book. Rhapsody (n.) A disconnected series of sentences or statements composed under excitement, and without dependence or natural connection; rambling composition. Rhapsody (n.) A composition irregular in form, like an improvisation; as, Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies." Rhatany (n.) Alt. of Rhatanhy Rhatanhy (n.) The powerfully astringent root of a half-shrubby Peruvian plant (Krameria triandra). It is used in medicine and to color port wine. Rhea (n.) The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See Grass-cloth plant, under Grass. Rhea (n.) Any one of three species of large South American ostrichlike birds of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. Called also the American ostrich. Rheae (n. pl.) A suborder of struthious birds including the rheas. Rheeboc (n.) The peele. Rheic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called chrysophanic acid) found in rhubarb (Rheum). Rhein (n.) Chrysophanic acid. Rheinberry (n.) One of the berries or drupes of the European buckthorn; also, the buckthorn itself. Rhematic (a.) Having a verb for its base; derived from a verb; as, rhematic adjectives. Rhematic (n.) The doctrine of propositions or sentences. Rhemish (a.) Of or pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France. Rhenish (a.) Of or pertaining to the river Rhine; as, Rhenish wine. Rhenish (n.) Rhine wine. Rheochord (n.) A metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a circuit, or varying the strength of an electric current, by inserting a greater or less length of it in the circuit. Rheometer (n.) An instrument for measuring currents, especially the force or intensity of electrical currents; a galvanometer. Rheometer (n.) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood current in the arteries. Rheometric (a.) Of or pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry. Rheometry (n.) The measurement of the force or intensity of currents. Rheometry (n.) The calculus; fluxions. Rheomotor (n.) Any apparatus by which an electrical current is originated. Rheophore (n.) A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic apparatus, traversed by a current. Rheophore (n.) One of the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode. Rheoscope (n.) An instrument for detecting the presence or movement of currents, as of electricity. Rheostat (n.) A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of resistance which can be varied at will. Rheotome (n.) An instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an electric current. Rheotrope (n.) An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric current. Rhesus (n.) A monkey; the bhunder. Rhetian (a.) Pertaining to the ancient Rhaeti, or Rhaetians, or to Rhaetia, their country; as, the Rhetian Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the Grisons. Rhetic (a.) Same as Rhaetic. Rhetizite (n.) Same as Rhaetizite. Rhetor (n.) A rhetorician. Rhetoric (n.) The art of composition; especially, elegant composition in prose. Rhetoric (n.) Oratory; the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and force. Rhetoric (n.) Hence, artificial eloquence; fine language or declamation without conviction or earnest feeling. Rhetoric (n.) Fig. : The power of persuasion or attraction; that which allures or charms. Rhetorical (a.) Of or pertaining to rhetoric; according to, or exhibiting, rhetoric; oratorical; as, the rhetorical art; a rhetorical treatise; a rhetorical flourish. Rhetoricate (v. i.) To play the orator. Rhetorication (n.) Rhetorical amplification. Rhetorician (n.) One well versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric. Rhetorician (n.) A teacher of rhetoric. Rhetorician (n.) An orator; specifically, an artificial orator without genuine eloquence; a declaimer. Rhetorician (a.) Suitable to a master of rhetoric. Rhetorized (imp. & p. p.) of Rhetorize Rhetorizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rhetorize Rhetorize (v. i.) To play the orator. Rhetorize (v. t.) To represent by a figure of rhetoric, or by personification. Rheum (n.) A genus of plants. See Rhubarb. Rheum (n.) A serous or mucous discharge, especially one from the eves or nose. Rheumatic (a.) Derived from, or having the character of, rheum; rheumic. Rheumatic (a.) Of or pertaining to rheumatism; as, rheumatic pains or affections; affected with rheumatism; as, a rheumatic old man; causing rheumatism; as, a rheumatic day. Rheumatic (n.) One affected with rheumatism. Rheumatism (n.) A general disease characterized by painful, often multiple, local inflammations, usually affecting the joints and muscles, but also extending sometimes to the deeper organs, as the heart. Rheumatismal (a.) Of or pertaining to rheumatism. Rheumatismoid (a.) Of or resembling rheum or rheumatism. Rheumic (a.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, rheum. Rheumides (n. pl.) The class of skin disease developed by the dartrous diathesis. See under Dartrous. Rheumy (a.) Of or pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, rheum; affected with rheum. Rhigolene (n.) A mixture of volatile hydrocarbons intermediate between gsolene and cymogene. It is obtained in the purification of crude petroleum, and is used as a refregerant. Rhime (n.) See Rhyme. Rhinal (a.) Og or pertaining to the nose or olfactory organs. Rhinaster (n.) The borele. Rhine (n.) A water course; a ditch. Rhinencephalic (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhinencephalon. Rhinencephala (pl. ) of Rhinencephalon Rhinencephalon (n.) The division of the brain in front of the prosencephalon, consisting of the two olfactory lobes from which the olfactory nerves arise. Rhinestone (n.) A colorless stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much used as an inexpensive ornament. Rhinitis (n.) Infllammation of the nose; esp., inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nostrils. Rhino (n.) Gold and silver, or money. Rhino- () A combining form from Greek //, ///, the nose, as in rhinolith, rhinology. Rhinocerial (a.) Alt. of Rhinocerical Rhinocerical (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros; resembling the rhinoceros, or his horn. Rhinoceros (n.) Any pachyderm belonging to the genera Rhinoceros, Atelodus, and several allied genera of the family Rhinocerotidae, of which several living, and many extinct, species are known. They are large and powerful, and usually have either one or two stout conical median horns on the snout. Rhinocerote (n.) A rhinoceros. Rhinocerotic (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros. Rhinolite (n.) Alt. of Rhinolith Rhinolith (n.) A concretion formed within the cavities of the nose. Rhinological (a.) Of or pertaining to rhinology. Rhinologist (n.) One skilled in rhinology. Rhinology (n.) The science which treats of the nose, and its diseases. Rhinolophid (n.) Any species of the genus Rhinilophus, or family Rhinolophidae, having a horseshoe-shaped nasal crest; a horseshoe bat. Rhinolophine (a.) Like or pertaining to the rhinolophids, or horseshoe bats. Rhinophore (n.) One of the two tentacle-like organs on the back of the head or neck of a nudibranch or tectibranch mollusk. They are usually retractile, and often transversely furrowed or plicate, and are regarded as olfactory organs. Called also dorsal tentacles. See Illust. under Pygobranchia, and Opisthobranchia. Rhinoplastic (a.) Of or pertaining to rhinoplasty; as, a rhinoplastic operation. Rhinoplasty (n.) Plastic surgery of the nose to correct deformity or to replace lost tissue. Tissue may be transplanted from the patient's cheek, forehead, arm, etc., or even from another person. Rhinopome (n.) Any old-world bat of the genus Rhinopoma. The rhinopomes have a long tail extending beyond the web, and inhabit caves and tombs. Rhinoscleroma (n.) A rare disease of the skin, characterized by the development of very hard, more or less flattened, prominences, appearing first upon the nose and subsequently upon the neighboring parts, esp. the lips, palate, and throat. Rhinoscope (n.) A small mirror for use in rhinoscopy. Rhinoscopic (a.) Of or pertaining to rhinoscopy. Rhinoscopy (n.) The examination or study of the soft palate, posterior nares, etc., by means of a laryngoscopic mirror introduced into the pharynx. Rhinothecae (pl. ) of Rhinotheca Rhinotheca (n.) The sheath of the upper mandible of a bird. Rhipidoglossa (n. pl.) A division of gastropod mollusks having a large number of long, divergent, hooklike, lingual teeth in each transverse row. It includes the scutibranchs. See Illustration in Appendix. Rhipipter (n.) One of the Rhipiptera, a group of insects having wings which fold like a fan; a strepsipter. Rhipipteran (n.) Same as Rhipipter. Rhizanthous (a.) Producing flowers from a rootstock, or apparently from a root. Rhizine (n.) A rootlike filament or hair growing from the stems of mosses or on lichens; a rhizoid. Rhizocarpous (a.) Having perennial rootstocks or bulbs, but annual flowering stems; -- said of all perennial herbs. Rhizocephala (n. pl.) A division of Pectostraca including saclike parasites of Crustacea. They adhere by rootlike extensions of the head. See Illusration in Appendix. Rhizodont (n.) A reptile whose teeth are rooted in sockets, as the crocodile. Rhizogan (a.) Prodicing roots. Rhizogen (n.) One of a proposed class of flowering plants growning on the roots of other plants and destitute of green foliage. Rhizoid (n.) A rootlike appendage. Rhizomata (pl. ) of Rhizoma Rhizoma (n.) SAme as Rhizome. Rhizomatous (a.) Having the nature or habit of a rhizome or rootstock. Rhizome (n.) A rootstock. See Rootstock. Rhizophaga (n. pl.) A division of marsupials. The wombat is the type. Rhizophagous (a.) Feeding on roots; root-eating. Rhizophora (n.) A genus of trees including the mangrove. See Mangrove. Rhizophorous (a.) Bearing roots. Rhizopod (n.) One of the Rhizopoda. Rhizopoda (n. pl.) An extensive class of Protozoa, including those which have pseudopodia, by means of which they move about and take their food. The principal groups are Lobosa (or Am/bea), Helizoa, Radiolaria, and Foraminifera (or Reticularia). See Protozoa. Rhizopodous (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhizopods. Rhizostomata (n. pl.) A suborder of Medusae which includes very large species without marginal tentacles, but having large mouth lobes closely united at the edges. See Illust. in Appendix. Rhizostome (n.) One of the Rhizostomata. Rhizotaxis (n.) The arrangement of the roots of plants. Rhob (n.) See 1st Rob. Rhodammonium (a.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, rhodium and ammonia; -- said of certain complex compounds. Rhodanate (n.) A salt of rhodanic acid; a sulphocyanate. Rhodanic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called sulphocyanic acid) which frms a red color with ferric salts. Rhodeoretin (n.) Same as Convolvuln. Rhodian (a.) Of or pertaining to Rhodes, an island of the Mediterranean. Rhodian (n.) A native or inhabitant of Rhodes. Rhodic (a.) Of or pertaining to rhodium; containing rhodium. Rhodium (n.) A rare element of the light platinum group. It is found in platinum ores, and obtained free as a white inert metal which it is very difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic weight 104.1. Specific gravity 12. Rhodizonic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline substance (called rhodizonic acid, and carboxylic acid) obtained from potassium carboxide and from certain quinones. It forms brilliant red, yellow, and purple salts. Rhodochrosite (n.) Manganese carbonate, a rose-red mineral sometimes occuring crystallized, but generally massive with rhombohedral cleavage like calcite; -- called also dialogite. Rhodocrinite (n.) A rose encrinite. Rhododendron (n.) A genus of shrubs or small trees, often having handsome evergreen leaves, and remarkable for the beauty of their flowers; rosebay. Rhodomontade (n.) See Rodomontade. Rhodomontader (n.) See Rodomontador. Rhodonite (n.) Manganese spar, or silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring crystallised and in rose-red masses. It is often used as an ornamental stone. Rhodophane (n.) The red pigment contained in the inner segments of the cones of the retina in animals. See Chromophane. Rhodopsin (n.) The visual purple. See under Visual. Rhodosperm (n.) Any seaweed with red spores. Rhomb (n.) An equilateral parallelogram, or quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and the opposite sides parallel. The angles may be unequal, two being obtuse and two acute, as in the cut, or the angles may be equal, in which case it is usually called a square. Rhomb (n.) A rhombohedron. Rhombic (a.) Shaped like a rhomb. Rhombic (a.) Same as Orthorhombic. Rhomboganoid (n.) A ganoid fish having rhombic enameled scales; one of the Rhomboganoidei. Rhomboganoidei (n. pl.) Same as Ginglymodi. Rhombogene (n.) A dicyemid which produces infusorialike embryos; -- opposed to nematogene. See Dicyemata. Rhombohedral (a.) Related to the rhombohedron; presenting the form of a rhombohedron, or a form derivable from a rhombohedron; relating to a system of forms including the rhombohedron and scalenohedron. Rhombohedric (a.) Rhombohedral. Rhombohedron (n.) A solid contained by six rhomboids; a parallelopiped. Rhomboid (n.) An oblique-angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only the opposite sides equal, the length and with being different. Rhomboid (a.) Same as Rhomboidal. Rhomboidal (a.) Having, or approaching, the shape of a rhomboid. Rhomboides (n.) A rhomboid. Rhomboid-ovate (a.) Between rhomboid and ovate, or oval, in shape. Rhomb spar () A variety of dolomite. Rhombus (n.) Same as Rhomb, 1. Rhonchal (a.) Rhonchial. Rhonchial (a.) Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced by rhonchi. Rhonchisonant (a.) Making a snorting noise; snorting. Rhonchi (pl. ) of Rhonchus Rhonchus (n.) An adventitious whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partially obstructed. By some writers the term rhonchus is used as equivalent to rale in its widest sense. See Rale. Rhopalic (a.) Applied to a line or verse in which each successive word has one more syllable than the preceding. Rhopalia (pl. ) of Rhopalium Rhopalium (n.) One of the marginal sensory bodies of medusae belonging to the Discophora. Rhopalocera (n. pl.) A division of Lepidoptera including all the butterflies. They differ from other Lepidoptera in having club-shaped antennae. Rhotacism (n.) An oversounding, or a misuse, of the letter r; specifically (Phylol.), the tendency, exhibited in the Indo-European languages, to change s to r, as wese to were. Rhubarb (n.) The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus Rheum and order Polygonaceae. Rhubarb (n.) The large and fleshy leafstalks of Rheum Rhaponticum and other species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid, and are used in cookery. Called also pieplant. Rhubarb (n.) The root of several species of Rheum, used much as a cathartic medicine. Rhubarby (a.) Like rhubarb. Rhumb (n.) A line which crosses successive meridians at a constant angle; -- called also rhumb line, and loxodromic curve. See Loxodromic. Rhus (n.) A genus of shrubs and small treets. See Sumac. Rhusma (n.) A mixtire of caustic lime and orpiment, or tersulphide of arsenic, -- used in the depilation of hides. Rhyme (n.) An expression of thought in numbers, measure, or verse; a composition in verse; a rhymed tale; poetry; harmony of language. Rhyme (n.) Correspondence of sound in the terminating words or syllables of two or more verses, one succeeding another immediately or at no great distance. The words or syllables so used must not begin with the same consonant, or if one begins with a vowel the other must begin with a consonant. The vowel sounds and accents must be the same, as also the sounds of the final consonants if there be any. Rhyme (n.) Verses, usually two, having this correspondence with each other; a couplet; a poem containing rhymes. Rhyme (n.) A word answering in sound to another word. Rhymed (imp. & p. p.) of Rhyme Rhyming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rhyme Rhyme (n.) To make rhymes, or verses. Rhyme (n.) To accord in rhyme or sound. Rhyme (v. t.) To put into rhyme. Rhyme (v. t.) To influence by rhyme. Rhymeless (a.) Destitute of rhyme. Rhymer (n.) One who makes rhymes; a versifier; -- generally in contempt; a poor poet; a poetaster. Rhymery (n.) The art or habit of making rhymes; rhyming; -- in contempt. Rhymester (n.) A rhymer; a maker of poor poetry. Rhymic (a.) Pertaining to rhyme. Rhymist (n.) A rhymer; a rhymester. Rhynchobdellea (n. pl.) A suborder of leeches including those that have a protractile proboscis, without jaws. Clepsine is the type. Rhynchocephala (n. pl.) An order of reptiles having biconcave vertebrae, immovable quadrate bones, and many other peculiar osteological characters. Hatteria is the only living genus, but numerous fossil genera are known, some of which are among the earliest of reptiles. See Hatteria. Called also Rhynchocephalia. Rhynchocoela (n. pl.) Same as Nemertina. Rhyncholite (n.) A fossil cephalopod beak. Rhynchonella (n.) A genus of brachiopods of which some species are still living, while many are found fossil. Rhynchophora (n. pl.) A group of Coleoptera having a snoutlike head; the snout beetles, curculios, or weevils. Rhynchophore (n.) One of the Rhynchophora. Rhynchota (n. pl.) Same as Hemiptera. Rhyolite (n.) A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a fluidal structure. Rhyparography (n.) In ancient art, the painting of genre or still-life pictures. Rhysimeter (n.) An instrument, acting on the principle of Pitot's tube, for measuring the velocity of a fluid current, the speed of a ship, etc. Rhythm (n.) In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a regular succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents, etc., producing an agreeable effect, as in music poetry, the dance, or the like. Rhythm (n.) Movement in musical time, with periodical recurrence of accent; the measured beat or pulse which marks the character and expression of the music; symmetry of movement and accent. Rhythm (n.) A division of lines into short portions by a regular succession of arses and theses, or percussions and remissions of voice on words or syllables. Rhythm (n.) The harmonious flow of vocal sounds. Rhythmer (n.) One who writes in rhythm, esp. in poetic rhythm or meter. Rhythmic (a.) Alt. of Rhythmical Rhythmical (a.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm Rhythmically (adv.) In a rhythmical manner. Rhythmics (n.) The department of musical science which treats of the length of sounds. Rhythming (a.) Writing rhythm; verse making. Rhythmless (a.) Being without rhythm. Rhythmometer (n.) An instrument for marking time in musical movements. See Metronome. Rhythmus (n.) Rhythm. Rhytina (n.) See Rytina. Rial (n.) A Spanish coin. See Real. Rial (a.) Royal. Rial (n.) A gold coin formerly current in England, of the value of ten shillings sterling in the reign of Henry VI., and of fifteen shillings in the reign of Elizabeth. Riant (a.) Laughing; laughable; exciting gayety; gay; merry; delightful to the view, as a landscape. Rib (n.) One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax. Rib (n.) That which resembles a rib in form or use. Rib (n.) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel. Rib (n.) A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it. Rib (n.) One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended. Rib (n.) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth. Rib (n.) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a double-barreled gun. Rib (n.) The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf. Rib (n.) Any longitudinal ridge in a plant. Rib (n.) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these in wood, plaster, or the like. Rib (n.) A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like. Rib (n.) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein. Rib (n.) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support. Rib (n.) A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib. Ribbed (imp. & p. p.) of Rib Ribbing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rib Rib (v. t.) To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib cloth. Rib (v. t.) To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in. Ribald (n./) A low, vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd fellow. Ribald (a.) Low; base; mean; filthy; obscene. Ribaldish (a.) Like a ribald. Ribaldrous (a.) Of a ribald quality. Ribaldry (n.) The talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency; obscenity; lewdness; -- now chiefly applied to indecent language, but formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct. Riban (n.) See Ribbon. Riband (n.) See Ribbon. Riband (n.) See Rib-band. Ribanded (a.) Ribboned. Ribaud (n.) A ribald. Ribaudequin (n.) An engine of war used in the Middle Ages, consisting of a protected elevated staging on wheels, and armed in front with pikes. It was (after the 14th century) furnished with small cannon. Ribaudequin (n.) A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town for casting javelins. Ribaudred (a.) Alt. of Ribaudrous Ribaudrous (a.) Filthy; obscene; ribald. Ribaudry (n.) Ribaldry. Ribaudy (n.) Ribaldry. Ribauld (n.) A ribald. Ribband (n.) A ribbon. Ribband (n.) A long, narrow strip of timber bent and bolted longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel, to hold them in position, and give rigidity to the framework. Ribbed (a.) Furnished or formed with ribs; as, a ribbed cylinder; ribbed cloth. Ribbed (a.) Intercalated with slate; -- said of a seam of coal. Ribbing (n.) An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like. Ribbon (n.) A fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a woman's attire, for badges, and other decorative purposes. Ribbon (n.) A narrow strip or shred; as, a steel or magnesium ribbon; sails torn to ribbons. Ribbon (n.) Same as Rib-band. Ribbon (n.) Driving reins. Ribbon (n.) A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide. Ribbon (n.) A silver. Ribboned (imp. & p. p.) of Ribbon Ribboning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ribbon Ribbon (v. t.) To adorn with, or as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes resembling ribbons. Ribbonism (n.) The principles and practices of the Ribbonmen. See Ribbon Society, under Ribbon. -men (pl. ) of Ribbonman Ribbonman (n.) A member of the Ribbon Society. See Ribbon Society, under Ribbon. Ribbonwood (n.) A malvaceous tree (Hoheria populnea) of New Zealand, the bark of which is used for cordage. Ribes (n.) A genus of shrubs including gooseberries and currants of many kinds. Ribibe (n.) A sort of stringed instrument; a rebec. Ribibe (n.) An old woman; -- in contempt. Ribibe (n.) A bawd; a prostitute. Ribible (n.) A small threestringed viol; a rebec. Ribless (a.) Having no ribs. Ribroast (v. t.) To beat soundly. Ribwort (n.) A species of plantain (Plantago lanceolata) with long, narrow, ribbed leaves; -- called also rib grass, ripple grass, ribwort plantain. -ric () A suffix signifying dominion, jurisdiction; as, bishopric, the district over which a bishop exercises authority. Rice (n.) A well-known cereal grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed. Ricebird (n.) The Java sparrow. Ricebird (n.) The bobolink. Rice-shell (n.) Any one of numerous species of small white polished marine shells of the genus Olivella. Rich (superl.) Having an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large amount of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money; wealthy; opulent; affluent; -- opposed to poor. Rich (superl.) Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding; abundant; copious; bountiful; as, a rich treasury; a rich entertainment; a rich crop. Rich (superl.) Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful; as, rich soil or land; a rich mine. Rich (superl.) Composed of valuable or costly materials or ingredients; procured at great outlay; highly valued; precious; sumptuous; costly; as, a rich dress; rich silk or fur; rich presents. Rich (superl.) Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities; -- especially applied to articles of food or drink which are high-seasoned or abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet, luscious, and high-flavored; as, a rich dish; rich cream or soup; rich pastry; rich wine or fruit. Rich (superl.) Not faint or delicate; vivid; as, a rich color. Rich (superl.) Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; as, a rich voice; rich music. Rich (superl.) Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; as, a rich landscape; rich scenery. Rich (superl.) Abounding in humor; exciting amusement; entertaining; as, the scene was a rich one; a rich incident or character. Rich (v. t.) To enrich. Riches (a.) That which makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods, money, or other property; wealth; opulence; affluence. Riches (a.) That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or the like. Richesse (n.) Wealth; riches. See the Note under Riches. Richly (adv.) In a rich manner. Richness (n.) The quality or state of being rich (in any sense of the adjective). Richweed (n.) An herb (Pilea pumila) of the Nettle family, having a smooth, juicy, pellucid stem; -- called also clearweed. Ricinelaidic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric modification of ricinoleic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid. Ricinelaidin (n.) The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic acid, obtained as a white crystalline waxy substance by treating castor oil with nitrous acid. Ricinic (a.) Pertaining to, or derived from, castor oil; formerly, designating an acid now called ricinoleic acid. Ricinine (n.) A bitter white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the castor-oil plant. Ricinoleate (n.) A salt of ricinoleic acid; -- formerly called palmate. Ricinoleic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty acid analogous to oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily substance, C/H/O/ with a harsh taste. Formerly written ricinolic. Ricinolein (n.) The glycerin salt of ricinoleic acid, occuring as a characteristic constituent of castor oil; -- formerly called palmin. Ricinolic (a.) Ricinoleic. Ricinus (n.) A genus of plants of the Spurge family, containing but one species (R. communis), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is three-celled, and contains three large seeds from which castor oil iss expressed. See Palma Christi. Rick (n.) A stack or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air, usually protected from wet with thatching. Rick (v. t.) To heap up in ricks, as hay, etc. Ricker (n.) A stout pole for use in making a rick, or for a spar to a boat. Ricketish (a.) Rickety. Rickets (n. pl.) A disease which affects children, and which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs, depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often premature mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease appears to be the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid tissues. Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk unsteadily. Called also rachitis. Rickety (a.) Affected with rickets. Rickety (a.) Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak; shaky. Rickrack (n.) A kind of openwork edging made of serpentine braid. Rickstand (n.) A flooring or framework on which a rick is made. Ricochet (n.) A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone thrown along the surface of water. Ricochetted (imp. & p. p.) of Ricochet Ricochetting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ricochet Ricochet (v. t.) To operate upon by ricochet firing. See Ricochet, n. Ricochet (v. i.) To skip with a rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the surface of water, or a cannon ball on the ground. See Ricochet, n. Rictal (a.) Of or pertaining to the rictus; as, rictal bristles. Ricture (n.) A gaping. Rictus (n.) The gape of the mouth, as of birds; -- often resricted to the corners of the mouth. Rid () imp. & p. p. of Ride, v. i. Rid (imp. & p. p.) of Rid Ridded () of Rid Ridding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rid Rid (v. t.) To save; to rescue; to deliver; -- with out of. Rid (v. t.) To free; to clear; to disencumber; -- followed by of. Rid (v. t.) To drive away; to remove by effort or violence; to make away with; to destroy. Rid (v. t.) To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to finish. Ridable (a.) Suitable for riding; as, a ridable horse; a ridable road. Riddance (n.) The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a cleaning up or out. Riddance (n.) The state of being rid or free; freedom; escape. Ridden () p. p. of Ride. Ridder (n.) One who, or that which, rids. Riddle (n.) A sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for separating coarser materials from finer, as chaff from grain, cinders from ashes, or gravel from sand. Riddle (n.) A board having a row of pins, set zigzag, between which wire is drawn to straighten it. Riddled (imp. & p. p.) of Riddle Riddling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Riddle Riddle (v. t.) To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass through a riddle; as, riddle wheat; to riddle coal or gravel. Riddle (v. t.) To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to make many holes in; as, a house riddled with shot. Riddle (n.) Something proposed to be solved by guessing or conjecture; a puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence, anything ambiguous or puzzling. Riddle (v. t.) To explain; to solve; to unriddle. Riddle (v. i.) To speak ambiguously or enigmatically. Riddler (n.) One who riddles (grain, sand, etc.). Riddler (n.) One who speaks in, or propounds, riddles. Riddling (a.) Speaking in a riddle or riddles; containing a riddle. Rode (imp.) of Ride Rid () of Ride Ridden (p. p.) of Ride Rid () of Ride Riding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ride Ride (v. i.) To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse. Ride (v. i.) To be borne in a carriage; as, to ride in a coach, in a car, and the like. See Synonym, below. Ride (v. i.) To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to lie. Ride (v. i.) To be supported in motion; to rest. Ride (v. i.) To manage a horse, as an equestrian. Ride (v. i.) To support a rider, as a horse; to move under the saddle; as, a horse rides easy or hard, slow or fast. Ride (v. t.) To sit on, so as to be carried; as, to ride a horse; to ride a bicycle. Ride (v. t.) To manage insolently at will; to domineer over. Ride (v. t.) To convey, as by riding; to make or do by riding. Ride (v. t.) To overlap (each other); -- said of bones or fractured fragments. Ride (n.) The act of riding; an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle. Ride (n.) A saddle horse. Ride (n.) A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through grounds, to be used as a place for riding; a riding. Rideau (n.) A small mound of earth; ground slightly elevated; a small ridge. Riden () imp. pl. & p. p. of Ride. Rident (a.) Laughing. Rider (n.) One who, or that which, rides. Rider (n.) Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of goods to obtain orders; a commercial traveler. Rider (n.) One who breaks or manages a horse. Rider (n.) An addition or amendment to a manuscript or other document, which is attached on a separate piece of paper; in legislative practice, an additional clause annexed to a bill while in course of passage; something extra or burdensome that is imposed. Rider (n.) A problem of more than usual difficulty added to another on an examination paper. Rider (n.) A Dutch gold coin having the figure of a man on horseback stamped upon it. Rider (n.) Rock material in a vein of ore, dividing it. Rider (n.) An interior rib occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame. Rider (n.) The second tier of casks in a vessel's hold. Rider (n.) A small forked weight which straddles the beam of a balance, along which it can be moved in the manner of the weight on a steelyard. Rider (n.) A robber. Riderless (a.) Having no rider; as, a riderless horse. Ridge (n.) The back, or top of the back; a crest. Ridge (n.) A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part of such a range; any extended elevation between valleys. Ridge (n.) A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up by a plow or left between furrows or ditches, or as on the surface of metal, cloth, or bone, etc. Ridge (n.) The intersection of two surface forming a salient angle, especially the angle at the top between the opposite slopes or sides of a roof or a vault. Ridge (n.) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way. Ridged (imp. & p. p.) of Ridge Ridging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ridge Ridge (v. t.) To form a ridge of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make into a ridge or ridges. Ridge (v. t.) To form into ridges with the plow, as land. Ridge (v. t.) To wrinkle. Ridgeband (n.) The part of a harness which passes over the saddle, and supports the shafts of a cart; -- called also ridgerope, and ridger. Ridgebone (n.) The backbone. Ridgel (n.) Same as Ridgelling. Ridgelet (n.) A little ridge. Ridgeling (n.) A half-castrated male animal. Ridgepiece (n.) Alt. of Ridgeplate Ridgeplate (n.) See Ridgepole. Ridgepole (n.) The timber forming the ridge of a roof, into which the rafters are secured. Ridgerope (n.) See Life line (a), under Life. Ridgingly (adv.) So as to form ridges. Ridgy (a.) Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge. Ridicle (n.) Ridicule. Ridicule (n.) An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a laughing matter. Ridicule (n.) Remarks concerning a subject or a person designed to excite laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of that species which provokes contemptuous laughter; disparagement by making a person an object of laughter; banter; -- a term lighter than derision. Ridicule (n.) Quality of being ridiculous; ridiculousness. Ridiculed (imp. & p. p.) of Ridicule Ridiculing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ridicule Ridicule (v. t.) To laugh at mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule toward or respecting. Ridicule (a.) Ridiculous. Ridiculer (n.) One who ridicules. Ridiculize (v. t.) To make ridiculous; to ridicule. Ridiculosity (n.) The quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness; also, something ridiculous. Ridiculous (a.) Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable; unworthy of serious consideration; as, a ridiculous dress or behavior. Ridiculous (a.) Involving or expressing ridicule. Riding (n.) One of the three jurisdictions into which the county of York, in England, is divided; -- formerly under the government of a reeve. They are called the North, the East, and the West, Riding. Riding (a.) Employed to travel; traveling; as, a riding clerk. Riding (a.) Used for riding on; as, a riding horse. Riding (a.) Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to riding; as, a riding whip; a riding habit; a riding day. Riding (n.) The act or state of one who rides. Riding (n.) A festival procession. Riding (n.) Same as Ride, n., 3. Riding (n.) A district in charge of an excise officer. Ridotto (n.) A favorite Italian public entertainment, consisting of music and dancing, -- held generally on fast eves. Ridotto (v. i.) To hold ridottos. Rie (n.) See Rye. Rief (n.) Robbery. Rietboc (n.) The reedbuck, a South African antelope (Cervicapra arundinacea); -- so called from its frequenting dry places covered with high grass or reeds. Its color is yellowish brown. Called also inghalla, and rietbok. Rife (a.) Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. Rife (a.) Having power; active; nimble. Riffle (n.) A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when auriferous earth is washed; also, one of the cleats, grooves, or steps in such a trough. Also called ripple. Riffler (n.) A curved file used in carving wool and marble. Riffraff (n.) Sweepings; refuse; the lowest order of society. Rifled (imp. & p. p.) of Rifle Rifling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rifle Rifle (v. t.) To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry off. Rifle (v. t.) To strip; to rob; to pillage. Rifle (v. t.) To raffle. Rifle (v. i.) To raffle. Rifle (v. i.) To commit robbery. Rifle (n.) A gun, the inside of whose barrel is grooved with spiral channels, thus giving the ball a rotary motion and insuring greater accuracy of fire. As a military firearm it has superseded the musket. Rifle (n.) A body of soldiers armed with rifles. Rifle (n.) A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material, used for sharpening scythes. Rifle (v. t.) To grove; to channel; especially, to groove internally with spiral channels; as, to rifle a gun barrel or a cannon. Rifle (v. t.) To whet with a rifle. See Rifle, n., 3. Riflebird (n.) Any one of several species of beautiful birds of Australia and New Guinea, of the genera Ptiloris and Craspidophora, allied to the paradise birds. Rifleman (pl. ) of Rifleman Rifleman (n.) A soldier armed with a rifle. Rifler (n.) One who rifles; a robber. Rifling (n.) The act or process of making the grooves in a rifled cannon or gun barrel. Rifling (n.) The system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon. Rift () p. p. of Rive. Rift (n.) An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure. Rift (n.) A shallow place in a stream; a ford. Rifted (imp. & p. p.) of Rift Rifting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rift Rift (v. t.) To cleave; to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock; to rift the clouds. Rift (v. i.) To burst open; to split. Rift (v. i.) To belch. Rifter (n.) A rafter. Rig (n.) A ridge. Rigged (imp. & p. p.) of Rig Rigging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rig Rig (v. t.) To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling. Rig (v. t.) To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or fanciful manner; -- commonly followed by out. Rig (n.) The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are distinguished; as, schooner rig, ship rig, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Rig (n.) Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing. Rig (n.) A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming conduct. Rig (n.) A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic. Rig (n.) A blast of wind. Rig (v. i.) To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play tricks. Rig (v. t.) To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer. Rigadoon (n.) A gay, lively dance for one couple, -- said to have been borrowed from Provence in France. Riga fir () A species of pine (Pinus sylvestris), and its wood, which affords a valuable timber; -- called also Scotch pine, and red / yellow deal. It grows in all parts of Europe, in the Caucasus, and in Siberia. Rigarion (n.) See Irrigation. Rigel (n.) A fixed star of the first magnitude in the left foot of the constellation Orion. Rigescent (a.) Growing stiff or numb. Rigger (n.) One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging of a ship. Rigger (n.) A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery. Rigging (n.) DRess; tackle; especially (Naut.), the ropes, chains, etc., that support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as purchases for adjusting the sails, etc. See Illustr. of Ship and Sails. Riggish (a.) Like a rig or wanton. Riggle (v. i.) See Wriggle. Riggle (n.) The European lance fish. Right (a.) Straight; direct; not crooked; as, a right line. Right (a.) Upright; erect from a base; having an upright axis; not oblique; as, right ascension; a right pyramid or cone. Right (a.) Conformed to the constitution of man and the will of God, or to justice and equity; not deviating from the true and just; according with truth and duty; just; true. Right (a.) Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming; as, the right man in the right place; the right way from London to Oxford. Right (a.) Characterized by reality or genuineness; real; actual; not spurious. Right (a.) According with truth; passing a true judgment; conforming to fact or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not erroneous; correct; as, this is the right faith. Right (a.) Most favorable or convenient; fortunate. Right (a.) Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the muscular action is usually stronger than on the other side; -- opposed to left when used in reference to a part of the body; as, the right side, hand, arm. Also applied to the corresponding side of the lower animals. Right (a.) Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly; well regulated; correctly done. Right (a.) Designed to be placed or worn outward; as, the right side of a piece of cloth. Right (adv.) In a right manner. Right (adv.) In a right or straight line; directly; hence; straightway; immediately; next; as, he stood right before me; it went right to the mark; he came right out; he followed right after the guide. Right (adv.) Exactly; just. Right (adv.) According to the law or will of God; conforming to the standard of truth and justice; righteously; as, to live right; to judge right. Right (adv.) According to any rule of art; correctly. Right (adv.) According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really; correctly; exactly; as, to tell a story right. Right (adv.) In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly; extremely; highly; as, right humble; right noble; right valiant. Right (a.) That which is right or correct. Right (a.) The straight course; adherence to duty; obedience to lawful authority, divine or human; freedom from guilt, -- the opposite of moral wrong. Right (a.) A true statement; freedom from error of falsehood; adherence to truth or fact. Right (a.) A just judgment or action; that which is true or proper; justice; uprightness; integrity. Right (a.) That to which one has a just claim. Right (a.) That which one has a natural claim to exact. Right (a.) That which one has a legal or social claim to do or to exact; legal power; authority; as, a sheriff has a right to arrest a criminal. Right (a.) That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim to possess or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a piece of property; title; claim; interest; ownership. Right (a.) Privilege or immunity granted by authority. Right (a.) The right side; the side opposite to the left. Right (a.) In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in France), those members collectively who are conservatives or monarchists. See Center, 5. Right (a.) The outward or most finished surface, as of a piece of cloth, a carpet, etc. Righted (imp. & p. p.) of Right Righting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Right Right (a.) To bring or restore to the proper or natural position; to set upright; to make right or straight (that which has been wrong or crooked); to correct. Right (a.) To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of; as, to right the oppressed; to right one's self; also, to vindicate. Right (v. i.) To recover the proper or natural condition or position; to become upright. Right (v. i.) Hence, to regain an upright position, as a ship or boat, after careening. Right-about (n.) A turning directly about by the right, so as to face in the opposite direction; also, the quarter directly opposite; as, to turn to the right-about. Right-angled (a.) Containing a right angle or right angles; as, a right-angled triangle. Righten (v. t.) To do justice to. Righteous (a.) Doing, or according with, that which is right; yielding to all their due; just; equitable; especially, free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy; as, a righteous man or act; a righteous retribution. Righteoused (a.) Made righteous. Righteously (adv.) In a righteous manner; as, to judge righteously. Righteousness (n.) The quality or state of being righteous; holiness; purity; uprightness; rectitude. Righteousness (n.) A righteous act, or righteous quality. Righteousness (n.) The act or conduct of one who is righteous. Righteousness (n.) The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground of justification. Righter (n.) One who sets right; one who does justice or redresses wrong. Rightful (a.) Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of persons. Rightful (a.) Consonant to justice; just; as, a rightful cause. Rightful (a.) Having the right or just claim according to established laws; being or holding by right; as, the rightful heir to a throne or an estate; a rightful king. Rightful (a.) Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by just claim; as, a rightful inheritance; rightful authority. Rightfully (adv.) According to right or justice. Rightfulness (n.) The quality or state of being rightful; accordance with right and justice. Rightfulness (n.) Moral rectitude; righteousness. Right-hand (a.) Situated or being on the right; nearer the right hand than the left; as, the right-hand side, room, or road. Right-hand (a.) Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable. Right-handed (a.) Using the right hand habitually, or more easily than the left. Right-handed (a.) Having the same direction or course as the movement of the hands of a watch seen in front; -- said of the motion of a revolving object looked at from a given direction. Right-handed (a.) Having the whorls rising from left to right; dextral; -- said of spiral shells. See Illust. of Scalaria. Right-handedness (n.) The state or quality of being right-handed; hence, skill; dexterity. Right-hearted (a.) Having a right heart or disposition. Rightless (a.) Destitute of right. Right-lined (a.) Formed by right lines; rectilineal; as, a right-lined angle. Rightly (adv.) Straightly; directly; in front. Rightly (adv.) According to justice; according to the divine will or moral rectitude; uprightly; as, duty rightly performed. Rightly (adv.) Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately. Rightly (adv.) According to truth or fact; correctly; not erroneously; exactly. Right-minded (a.) Having a right or honest mind. Rightness (n.) Straightness; as, the rightness of a line. Rightness (n.) The quality or state of being right; right relation. Right-running (a.) Straight; direct. Rightward (adv.) Toward the right. Right whale () The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale (Balaena mysticetus), from whose mouth the best whalebone is obtained. Right whale () Any other whale that produces valuable whalebone, as the Atlantic, or Biscay, right whale (Balaena cisarctica), and the Pacific right whale (B. Sieboldii); a bone whale. Rightwise (a.) Righteous. Rightwise (v. t.) To make righteous. Rightwisely (adv.) Righteously. Rightwiseness (n.) Righteousness. Rigid (a.) Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not flexible. Rigid (a.) Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible; strict; as, a rigid father or master; rigid discipline; rigid criticism; a rigid sentence. Rigidity (n.) The quality or state of being rigid; want of pliability; the quality of resisting change of form; the amount of resistance with which a body opposes change of form; -- opposed to flexibility, ductility, malleability, and softness. Rigidity (n.) Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease or elegance. Rigidity (n.) Severity; rigor. Rigidly (v.) In a rigid manner; stiffly. Rigidness (n.) The quality or state of being rigid. Rigidulous (a.) Somewhat rigid or stiff; as, a rigidulous bristle. Riglet (n.) See Reglet. Rigmarole (n.) A succession of confused or nonsensical statements; foolish talk; nonsense. Rigmarole (a.) Consisting of rigmarole; frovolous; nonsensical; foolish. Rigol (n.) A circle; hence, a diadem. Rigoll (n.) A musical instrument formerly in use, consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated by beads, and played with a stick with a ball at its end. Rigor (n.) Rigidity; stiffness. Rigor (n.) A sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in the chill preceding a fever. Rigor (n.) The becoming stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness; hardness. Rigor (n.) See 1st Rigor, 2. Rigor (n.) Severity of climate or season; inclemency; as, the rigor of the storm; the rigors of winter. Rigor (n.) Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged sternness; hardness; relentless severity; hard-heartedness; cruelty. Rigor (n.) Exactness without allowance, deviation, or indulgence; strictness; as, the rigor of criticism; to execute a law with rigor; to enforce moral duties with rigor; -- opposed to lenity. Rigor (n.) Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain, abstinence, or mortification. Rigor (n.) Violence; force; fury. Rigorism (n.) Rigidity in principle or practice; strictness; -- opposed to laxity. Rigorism (n.) Severity, as of style, or the like. Rigorist (n.) One who is rigorous; -- sometimes applied to an extreme Jansenist. Rigorous (a.) Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; as, a rigorous officer of justice; a rigorous execution of law; a rigorous definition or demonstration. Rigorous (a.) Severe; intense; inclement; as, a rigorous winter. Rigorous (a.) Violent. Rigsdaler (n.) A Danish coin worth about fifty-four cents. It was the former unit of value in Denmark. Rig-Veda () See Veda. Riksdaler (n.) A Swedish coin worth about twenty-seven cents. It was formerly the unit of value in Sweden. Riled (imp. & p. p.) of Rile Riling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rile Rile (v. t.) To render turbid or muddy; to stir up; to roil. Rile (v. t.) To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to vex. Rilievo (n.) Same as Relief, n., 5. Rill (n.) A very small brook; a streamlet. Rill (n.) See Rille. Rill (v. i.) To run a small stream. Rille (n.) One of certain narrow, crooked valleys seen, by aid of the telescope, on the surface of the moon. Rillet (n.) A little rill. Rily (a.) Roily. Rim (n.) The border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something circular or curving; as, the rim of a kettle or basin. Rim (n.) The lower part of the abdomen. Rimmed (imp. & p. p.) of Rim Rimming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rim Rim (v. t.) To furnish with a rim; to border. Rimae (pl. ) of Rima Rima (n.) A narrow and elongated aperture; a cleft; a fissure. Rimau dahan () The clouded tiger cat (Felis marmorata) of Southern Asia and the East Indies. Rimbase (n.) A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a cannon. See Illust. of Cannon. Rime (n.) A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Rime (n.) White frost; hoarfrost; congealed dew or vapor. Rimed (imp. & p. p.) of Rime Riming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rime Rime (v. i.) To freeze or congeal into hoarfrost. Rime (n.) A step or round of a ladder; a rung. Rime (n.) Rhyme. See Rhyme. Rime (v. i. & t.) To rhyme. See Rhyme. Rimer (n.) A rhymer; a versifier. Rimer (n.) A tool for shaping the rimes of a ladder. Rimey (v. t.) To compose in rhyme; to versify. Rimmer (n.) An implement for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of anything, as the edges of pies, etc.; also, a reamer. Rimose (a.) Full of rimes, fissures, or chinks. Rimose (a.) Having long and nearly parallel clefts or chinks, like those in the bark of trees. Rimosely (adv.) In a rimose manner. Rimosity (n.) State of being rimose. Rimous (a.) Rimose. Rimple (n.) A fold or wrinkle. See Rumple. Rimpled (imp. & p. p.) of Rimple Rimpling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rimple Rimple (v. t. & i.) To rumple; to wrinkle. Rimy (a.) Abounding with rime; frosty. Rind (n.) The external covering or coat, as of flesh, fruit, trees, etc.; skin; hide; bark; peel; shell. Rind (v. t.) To remove the rind of; to bark. Rinderpest (n.) A highly contagious distemper or murrain, affecting neat cattle, and less commonly sheep and goats; -- called also cattle plague, Russian cattle plague, and steppe murrain. Rindle (n.) A small water course or gutter. Rindless (a.) Destitute of a rind. Rindy (a.) Having a rind or skin. Rine (n.) See Rind. Rined (a.) Having a rind Rinforzando (a.) Increasing; strengthening; -- a direction indicating a sudden increase of force (abbreviated rf., rfz.) Cf. Forzando, and Sforzando. Rang (imp.) of Ring Rung () of Ring Rung (p. p.) of Ring Ringing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ring Ring (v. t.) To cause to sound, especially by striking, as a metallic body; as, to ring a bell. Ring (v. t.) To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to sound. Ring (v. t.) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly. Ring (v. i.) To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a metallic one. Ring (v. i.) To practice making music with bells. Ring (v. i.) To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a ringing or reverberating sound. Ring (v. i.) To continue to sound or vibrate; to resound. Ring (v. i.) To be filled with report or talk; as, the whole town rings with his fame. Ring (n.) A sound; especially, the sound of vibrating metals; as, the ring of a bell. Ring (n.) Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a sound continued, repeated, or reverberated. Ring (n.) A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned. Ring (n.) A circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a circular line or hoop. Ring (n.) Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or other precious material worn on the finger, or attached to the ear, the nose, or some other part of the person; as, a wedding ring. Ring (n.) A circular area in which races are or run or other sports are performed; an arena. Ring (n.) An inclosed space in which pugilists fight; hence, figuratively, prize fighting. Ring (n.) A circular group of persons. Ring (n.) The plane figure included between the circumferences of two concentric circles. Ring (n.) The solid generated by the revolution of a circle, or other figure, about an exterior straight line (as an axis) lying in the same plane as the circle or other figure. Ring (n.) An instrument, formerly used for taking the sun's altitude, consisting of a brass ring suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one side through which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the graduated inner surface opposite. Ring (n.) An elastic band partly or wholly encircling the spore cases of ferns. See Illust. of Sporangium. Ring (n.) A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for a selfish purpose, as to control the market, distribute offices, obtain contracts, etc. Ringed (imp. & p. p.) of Ring Ringing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ring Ring (v. t.) To surround with a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle. Ring (v. t.) To make a ring around by cutting away the bark; to girdle; as, to ring branches or roots. Ring (v. t.) To fit with a ring or with rings, as the fingers, or a swine's snout. Ring (v. i.) To rise in the air spirally. Ringbill (n.) The ring-necked scaup duck; -- called also ring-billed blackhead. See Scaup. Ringbird (n.) The reed bunting. It has a collar of white feathers. Called also ring bunting. Ringbolt (n.) An eyebolt having a ring through the eye. Ringbone (n.) A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter between or on the small pastern and the great pastern bones. Ringdove (n.) A European wild pigeon (Columba palumbus) having a white crescent on each side of the neck, whence the name. Called also wood pigeon, and cushat. Ringed (a.) Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or rings. Ringed (a.) Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully wedded. Ringent (a.) Having the lips widely separated and gaping like an open mouth; as a ringent bilabiate corolla. Ringer (n.) One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on bells. Ringer (n.) A crowbar. Ringer (n.) A horse that is not entitled to take part in a race, but is fraudulently got into it. Ringhead (n.) An instrument used for stretching woolen cloth. Ringing () a & n. from Ring, v. Ringingly (adv.) In a ringing manner. Ringleader (n.) The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the leader of a number of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of animals. Ringleader (n.) Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged in the violation of law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers, or the like. Ringlestone (n.) The ringed dotterel, or ring plover. Ringlet (n.) A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring. Ringlet (n.) A curl; especially, a curl of hair. Ringmen (pl. ) of Ringman Ringman (n.) The ring finger. Ringmaster (n.) One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a circus. Ringneck (n.) Any one of several species of small plovers of the genus Aegialitis, having a ring around the neck. The ring is black in summer, but becomes brown or gray in winter. The semipalmated plover (Ae. semipalmata) and the piping plover (Ae. meloda) are common North American species. Called also ring plover, and ring-necked plover. Ringneck (n.) The ring-necked duck. Ring-necked (a.) Having a well defined ring of color around the neck. Ringsail (n.) See Ringtail, 2. Ringstraked (a.) Ring-streaked. Ring-streaked (a.) Having circular streaks or lines on the body; as, ring-streaked goats. Ringtail (n.) A bird having a distinct band of color across the tail, as the hen harrier. Ringtail (n.) A light sail set abaft and beyong the leech of a boom-and-gaff sail; -- called also ringsail. Ring-tailed (a.) Having the tail crossed by conspicuous bands of color. Ringtoss (n.) A game in which the object is to toss a ring so that it will catch upon an upright stick. Ringworm (n.) A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored patches covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on the body, the face, or the scalp. Different varieties are distinguished as Tinea circinata, Tinea tonsurans, etc., but all are caused by the same parasite (a species of Trichophyton). Rink (n.) The smooth and level extent of ice marked off for the game of curling. Rink (n.) An artificial sheet of ice, generally under cover, used for skating; also, a floor prepared for skating on with roller skates, or a building with such a floor. Rinker (n.) One who skates at a rink. Rinking (n.) Skating in a rink. Rinsed (imp. & p. p.) of Rinse Rinsing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rinse Rinse (v. t.) To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or repeated application of water after washing. Rinse (v. t.) To cleancse by the introduction of water; -- applied especially to hollow vessels; as, to rinse a bottle. Rinse (n.) The act of rinsing. Rinser (n.) One who, or that which, rinses. Riot (n.) Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult. Riot (n.) Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; revelry. Riot (n.) The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an unlawful assembly of three or more persons in the execution of some private object. Rioted (imp. & p. p.) of Riot Rioting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Riot Riot (v. i.) To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess. Riot (v. i.) To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or sedition. See Riot, n., 3. Riot (v. t.) To spend or pass in riot. Rioter (n.) One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer. Rioter (n.) One who engages in a riot. See Riot, n., 3. Riotise (n.) Excess; tumult; revelry. Riotour (n.) A rioter. Riotous (a.) Involving, or engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained; luxurious. Riotous (a.) Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly or its acts; seditious. Riotry (n.) The act or practice of rioting; riot. Rip (n.) A wicker fish basket. Ripped (imp. & p. p.) of Rip Ripping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rip Rip (v. t.) To divide or separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; as, to rip a garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to rip up a floor; -- commonly used with up, open, off. Rip (v. t.) To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing. Rip (v. t.) To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; -- usually with up. Rip (v. t.) To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or fiber. Rip (n.) A rent made by ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a place torn; laceration. Rip (n.) A term applied to a mean, worthless thing or person, as to a scamp, a debauchee, or a prostitute, or a worn-out horse. Rip (n.) A body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing tides or currents. Riparian (a.) Of or pertaining to the bank of a river; as, riparian rights. Riparious (a.) Growing along the banks of rivers; riparian. Ripe (n.) The bank of a river. Ripe (superl.) Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection; mature; -- said of fruits, seeds, etc.; as, ripe grain. Ripe (superl.) Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow; as, ripe cheese; ripe wine. Ripe (superl.) Having attained its full development; mature; perfected; consummate. Ripe (superl.) Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; -- said of sores, tumors, etc. Ripe (superl.) Ready for action or effect; prepared. Ripe (superl.) Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and plumpness. Ripe (superl.) Intoxicated. Ripe (v. i.) To ripen; to grow ripe. Ripe (v. t.) To mature; to ripen. Ripely (adv.) Maturely; at the fit time. Ripened (imp. & p. p.) of Ripen Ripening (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ripen Ripen (v. i.) To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the like; as, grapes ripen in the sun. Ripen (v. i.) To approach or come to perfection. Ripen (v. t.) To cause to mature; to make ripe; as, the warm days ripened the corn. Ripen (v. t.) To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; as, to ripen the judgment. Ripeness (n.) The state or quality of being ripe; maturity;; completeness; perfection; as, the ripeness of grain; ripeness of manhood; ripeness of judgment. Ripidolite (n.) A translucent mineral of a green color and micaceous structure, belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous silicate of alumina, magnesia, and iron; -- called also clinochlore. Ripienist (n.) A player in the ripieno portion of an orchestra. See Ripieno. Ripieno (a.) Filling up; supplementary; supernumerary; -- a term applied to those instruments which only swell the mass or tutti of an orchestra, but are not obbligato. Ripler (n.) Alt. of Ripper Ripper (n.) One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland towns. Ripost (n.) In fencing, a return thrust after a parry. Ripost (n.) A quick and sharp refort; a repartee. Ripper (n.) One who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool. Ripper (n.) A tool for trimming the edges of roofing slates. Ripper (n.) Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc. Ripple (v.) An implement, with teeth like those of a comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, etc. Ripple (v. t.) To remove the seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by means of a ripple. Ripple (v. t.) Hence, to scratch or tear. Rippled (imp. & p. p.) of Ripple Rippling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ripple Ripple (v. i.) To become fretted or dimpled on the surface, as water when agitated or running over a rough bottom; to be covered with small waves or undulations, as a field of grain. Ripple (v. i.) To make a sound as of water running gently over a rough bottom, or the breaking of ripples on the shore. Ripple (v. t.) To fret or dimple, as the surface of running water; to cover with small waves or undulations; as, the breeze rippled the lake. Ripple (n.) The fretting or dimpling of the surface, as of running water; little curling waves. Ripple (n.) A little wave or undulation; a sound such as is made by little waves; as, a ripple of laughter. Ripple (n.) a small wave on the surface of water or other liquids for which the driving force is not gravity, but surface tension. Ripple (n.) the residual AC component in the DC current output from a rectifier, expressed as a percentage of the steady component of the current. Ripple-marked (a.) Having ripple marks. Ripplet (n.) A small ripple. Ripplingly (adv.) In a rippling manner. Ripply (a.) Having ripples; as, ripply water; hence, resembling the sound of rippling water; as, ripply laughter; a ripply cove. Riprap (n.) A foundation or sustaining wall of stones thrown together without order, as in deep water or on a soft bottom. Riprapped (imp. & p. p.) of Riprap Riprapping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Riprap Riprap (v. t.) To form a riprap in or upon. Ripsaw (v. t.) A handsaw with coarse teeth which have but a slight set, used for cutting wood in the direction of the fiber; -- called also ripping saw. Riptowel (n.) A gratuity given to tenants after they had reaped their lord's corn. Ris (n.) A bough or branch; a twig. Rose (imp.) of Rise Risen (p. p.) of Rise Rising (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rise Rise (v.) To move from a lower position to a higher; to ascend; to mount up. Specifically: -- (a) To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or any other voluntary motion; as, a bird rises in the air; a fish rises to the bait. Rise (v.) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or vapors in air, cork in water, and the like. Rise (v.) To move upward under the influence of a projecting force; as, a bullet rises in the air. Rise (v.) To grow upward; to attain a certain height; as, this elm rises to the height of seventy feet. Rise (v.) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity or bulk; to swell; as, a river rises in its bed; the mercury rises in the thermometer. Rise (v.) To become erect; to assume an upright position; as, to rise from a chair or from a fall. Rise (v.) To leave one's bed; to arise; as, to rise early. Rise (v.) To tower up; to be heaved up; as, the Alps rise far above the sea. Rise (v.) To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface rises in this direction. Rise (v.) To retire; to give up a siege. Rise (v.) To swell or puff up in the process of fermentation; to become light, as dough, and the like. Rise (v.) To have the aspect or the effect of rising. Rise (v.) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon, stars, and the like. Rise (v.) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to come forth; to appear; as, an eruption rises on the skin; the land rises to view to one sailing toward the shore. Rise (v.) To become perceptible to other senses than sight; as, a noise rose on the air; odor rises from the flower. Rise (v.) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate; as, rivers rise in lakes or springs. Rise (v.) To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed toward a climax. Rise (v.) To increase in power or fury; -- said of wind or a storm, and hence, of passion. Rise (v.) To become of higher value; to increase in price. Rise (v.) To become larger; to swell; -- said of a boil, tumor, and the like. Rise (v.) To increase in intensity; -- said of heat. Rise (v.) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the voice. Rise (v.) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as, his expenses rose beyond his expectations. Rise (v.) In various figurative senses. Rise (v.) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go to war; to take up arms; to rebel. Rise (v.) To attain to a better social position; to be promoted; to excel; to succeed. Rise (v.) To become more and more dignified or forcible; to increase in interest or power; -- said of style, thought, or discourse; as, to rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence; a story rises in interest. Rise (v.) To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur. Rise (v.) To come; to offer itself. Rise (v.) To ascend from the grave; to come to life. Rise (v.) To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn; as, the committee rose after agreeing to the report. Rise (v.) To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher pith; as, to rise a tone or semitone. Rise (v.) To be lifted, or to admit of being lifted, from the imposing stone without dropping any of the type; -- said of a form. Rise (n.) The act of rising, or the state of being risen. Rise (n.) The distance through which anything rises; as, the rise of the thermometer was ten degrees; the rise of the river was six feet; the rise of an arch or of a step. Rise (n.) Land which is somewhat higher than the rest; as, the house stood on a rise of land. Rise (n.) Spring; source; origin; as, the rise of a stream. Rise (n.) Appearance above the horizon; as, the rise of the sun or of a planet. Rise (n.) Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price, value, rank, property, fame, and the like. Rise (n.) Increase of sound; a swelling of the voice. Rise (n.) Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change of key; as, a rise of a tone or semitone. Rise (n.) The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly) near the surface of the water. Risen () p. p. & a. from Rise. Risen (p. p. & a.) Obs. imp. pl. of Rise. Riser (n.) One who rises; as, an early riser. Riser (n.) The upright piece of a step, from tread to tread. Riser (n.) Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform, veranda, or the like. Riser (n.) A shaft excavated from below upward. Riser (n.) A feed head. See under Feed, n. Rish (n.) A rush (the plant). Risibility (n.) The quality of being risible; as, risibility is peculiar to the human species. Risible (a.) Having the faculty or power of laughing; disposed to laugh. Risible (a.) Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at; amusing. Risible (a.) Used in, or expressing, laughter; as, risible muscles. Rising (a.) Attaining a higher place; taking, or moving in, an upward direction; appearing above the horizon; ascending; as, the rising moon. Rising (a.) Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction; as, a rising state; a rising character. Rising (a.) Growing; advancing to adult years and to the state of active life; as, the rising generation. Rising (prep.) More than; exceeding; upwards of; as, a horse rising six years of age. Rising (n.) The act of one who, or that which, rises (in any sense). Rising (n.) That which rises; a tumor; a boil. Risk (n.) Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or destruction. Risk (n.) Hazard of loss; liabillity to loss in property. Risked (imp. & p. p.) of Risk Risking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Risk Risk (n.) To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as, to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in battle; to risk one's fame by a publication. Risk (n.) To incur the risk or danger of; as, to risk a battle. Risker (n.) One who risks or hazards. Riskful (a.) Risky. Risky (a.) Attended with risk or danger; hazardous. Risorial (a.) Pertaining to, or producing, laughter; as, the risorial muscles. Risotto (n.) A kind of pottage. Risse () imp. of Rise. Rissoid (n.) Any one of very numerous species of small spiral gastropods of the genus Rissoa, or family Rissoidae, found both in fresh and salt water. Rissole (n.) A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with pastry and fried. Rist () 3d pers. sing. pres. of Rise, contracted from riseth. Rit () 3d pers. sing. pres. of Ride, contracted from rideth. Ritardando (a.) Retarding; -- a direction for slower time; rallentado. Rite (n.) The act of performing divine or solemn service, as established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; as, the rites of freemasonry. Ritenuto (a.) Held back; holding back; ritardando. Ritornelle (n.) Alt. of Ritornello Ritornello (n.) A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an air, often consisting of the burden of the song. Ritornello (n.) A short intermediate symphony, or instrumental passage, in the course of a vocal piece; an interlude. Ritratto (n.) A picture. Ritual (a.) Of or pertaining to rites or ritual; as, ritual service or sacrifices; the ritual law. Ritual (n.) A prescribed form of performing divine service in a particular church or communion; as, the Jewish ritual. Ritual (n.) Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization; as, the ritual of the freemasons. Ritual (n.) A book containing the rites to be observed. Ritualism (n.) A system founded upon a ritual or prescribed form of religious worship; adherence to, or observance of, a ritual. Ritualism (n.) Specifically :(a) The principles and practices of those in the Church of England, who in the development of the Oxford movement, so-called, have insisted upon a return to the use in church services of the symbolic ornaments (altar cloths, encharistic vestments, candles, etc.) that were sanctioned in the second year of Edward VI., and never, as they maintain, forbidden by competennt authority, although generally disused. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. (b) Also, the principles and practices of those in the Protestant Episcopal Church who sympathize with this party in the Church of England. Ritualist (n.) One skilled un, or attached to, a ritual; one who advocates or practices ritualism. Ritualistic (a.) Pertaining to, or in accordance with, a ritual; adhering to ritualism. Ritually (adv.) By rites, or by a particular rite. Rivage (n.) A bank, shore, or coast. Rivage (n.) A duty paid to the crown for the passage of vessels on certain rivers. Rival (n.) A person having a common right or privilege with another; a partner. Rival (n.) One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one striving to reach or obtain something which another is attempting to obtain, and which one only can posses; a competitor; as, rivals in love; rivals for a crown. Rival (a.) Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition for superiority; as, rival lovers; rival claims or pretensions. Rivaled (imp. & p. p.) of Rival Rivalled () of Rival Rivaling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rival Rivalling () of Rival Rival (v. t.) To stand in competition with; to strive to gain some object in opposition to; as, to rival one in love. Rival (v. t.) To strive to equal or exel; to emulate. Rival (v. i.) To be in rivalry. Rivaless (n.) A female rival. Rivality (n.) Rivalry; competition. Rivality (n.) Equality, as of right or rank. Rivalries (pl. ) of Rivalry Rivalry (n.) The act of rivaling, or the state of being a rival; a competition. Rivalship (n.) Rivalry. Rived (imp.) of Rive Rived (p. p.) of Rive Riven () of Rive Riving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rive Rive (v. t.) To rend asunder by force; to split; to cleave; as, to rive timber for rails or shingles. Rive (v. i.) To be split or rent asunder. Rive (n.) A place torn; a rent; a rift. Riveled (imp. & p. p.) of Rivel Riveling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rivel Rivel (v. t.) To contract into wrinkles; to shrivel; to shrink; as, riveled fruit; riveled flowers. Rivel (n.) A wrinkle; a rimple. Riven () p. p. & a. from Rive. River (n.) One who rives or splits. River (n.) A large stream of water flowing in a bed or channel and emptying into the ocean, a sea, a lake, or another stream; a stream larger than a rivulet or brook. River (n.) Fig.: A large stream; copious flow; abundance; as, rivers of blood; rivers of oil. River (v. i.) To hawk by the side of a river; to fly hawks at river fowl. Rivered (a.) Supplied with rivers; as, a well rivered country. Riveret (n.) A rivulet. Riverhood (n.) The quality or state of being a river. Riverling (n.) A rivulet. Riverside (n.) The side or bank of a river. Rivery (a.) Having rivers; as, a rivery country. Rivet (n.) A metallic pin with a head, used for uniting two plates or pieces of material together, by passing it through them and then beating or pressing down the point so that it shall spread out and form a second head; a pin or bolt headed or clinched at both ends. Riveted (imp. & p. p.) of Rivet Riveting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rivet Rivet (v. t.) To fasten with a rivet, or with rivets; as, to rivet two pieces of iron. Rivet (v. t.) To spread out the end or point of, as of a metallic pin, rod, or bolt, by beating or pressing, so as to form a sort of head. Rivet (v. t.) Hence, to fasten firmly; to make firm, strong, or immovable; as, to rivet friendship or affection. Riveter (n.) One who rivets. Riveting (n.) The act of joining with rivets; the act of spreading out and clinching the end, as of a rivet, by beating or pressing. Riveting (n.) The whole set of rivets, collectively. Rivose (a.) Marked with sinuate and irregular furrows. Rivulet (n.) A small stream or brook; a streamlet. Rixation (n.) A brawl or quarrel. Rixatrix (n.) A scolding or quarrelsome woman; a scold. Rixdaler (n.) A Dutch silver coin, worth about $1.00. Rix-dollar (n.) A name given to several different silver coins of Denmark, Holland, Sweden,, NOrway, etc., varying in value from about 30 cents to $1.10; also, a British coin worth about 36 cents, used in Ceylon and at the Cape of Good Hope. See Rigsdaler, Riksdaler, and Rixdaler. Rizzar (v. t.) To dry in the sun; as, rizzared haddock. Roach (n.) A cockroach. Roach (n.) A European fresh-water fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus rutilus). It is silver-white, with a greenish back. Roach (n.) An American chub (Semotilus bullaris); the fallfish. Roach (n.) The redfin, or shiner. Roach (n.) A convex curve or arch cut in the edge of a sail to prevent chafing, or to secure a better fit. Roach (v. t.) To cause to arch. Roach (v. t.) To cut off, as a horse's mane, so that the part left shall stand upright. Roach-backed (a.) Having a back like that of roach; -- said of a horse whose back a convex instead of a concave curve. Road (n.) A journey, or stage of a journey. Road (n.) An inroad; an invasion; a raid. Road (n.) A place where one may ride; an open way or public passage for vehicles, persons, and animals; a track for travel, forming a means of communication between one city, town, or place, and another. Road (n.) A place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore; a roadstead; -- often in the plural; as, Hampton Roads. Roadbed (n.) In railroads, the bed or foundation on which the superstructure (ties, rails, etc.) rests; in common roads, the whole material laid in place and ready for travel. Roadless (a.) Destitute of roads. Roadmaker (n.) One who makes roads. Roadside (n.) Land adjoining a road or highway; the part of a road or highway that borders the traveled part. Also used ajectively. Roadstead (n.) An anchorage off shore. Same as Road, 4. Roadster (n.) A clumsy vessel that works its way from one anchorage to another by means of the tides. Roadster (n.) A horse that is accustomed to traveling on the high road, or is suitable for use on ordinary roads. Roadster (n.) A bicycle or tricycle adapted for common roads rather than for the racing track. Roadster (n.) One who drives much; a coach driver. Roadster (n.) A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of following the hounds across country. Roadway (n.) A road; especially, the part traveled by carriages. Roamed (imp. & p. p.) of Roam Roaming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roam Roam (v. i.) To go from place to place without any certain purpose or direction; to rove; to wander. Roam (v. t.) To range or wander over. Roam (n.) The act of roaming; a wandering; a ramble; as, he began his roam o'er hill amd dale. Roamer (n.) One who roams; a wanderer. Roan (a.) Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray or white thickly interspersed; -- said of a horse. Roan (a.) Made of the leather called roan; as, roan binding. Roan (n.) The color of a roan horse; a roan color. Roan (n.) A roan horse. Roan (n.) A kind of leather used for slippers, bookbinding, etc., made from sheepskin, tanned with sumac and colored to imitate ungrained morocco. Roared (imp. & p. p.) of Roar Roaring (p. pr. & vvb. n.) of Roar Roar (v. i.) To cry with a full, loud, continued sound. Roar (v. i.) To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion or other beast. Roar (v. i.) To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or anger. Roar (v. i.) To make a loud, confused sound, as winds, waves, passing vehicles, a crowd of persons when shouting together, or the like. Roar (v. i.) To be boisterous; to be disorderly. Roar (v. i.) To laugh out loudly and continuously; as, the hearers roared at his jokes. Roar (v. i.) To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses having a certain disease. See Roaring, 2. Roar (v. t.) To cry aloud; to proclaim loudly. Roar (n.) The sound of roaring. Roar (n.) The deep, loud cry of a wild beast; as, the roar of a lion. Roar (n.) The cry of one in pain, distress, anger, or the like. Roar (n.) A loud, continuous, and confused sound; as, the roar of a cannon, of the wind, or the waves; the roar of ocean. Roar (n.) A boisterous outcry or shouting, as in mirth. Roarer (n.) One who, or that which, roars. Roarer (n.) A riotous fellow; a roaring boy. Roarer (n.) A horse subject to roaring. See Roaring, 2. Roarer (n.) The barn owl. Roaring (n.) A loud, deep, prolonged sound, as of a large beast, or of a person in distress, anger, mirth, etc., or of a noisy congregation. Roaring (n.) An affection of the windpipe of a horse, causing a loud, peculiar noise in breathing under exertion; the making of the noise so caused. See Roar, v. i., 5. Roaringly (adv.) In a roaring manner. Roasted (imp. & p. p.) of Roast Roasting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roast Roast (v. t.) To cook by exposure to radiant heat before a fire; as, to roast meat on a spit, or in an oven open toward the fire and having reflecting surfaces within; also, to cook in a close oven. Roast (v. t.) To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes, sand, etc.; as, to roast a potato in ashes. Roast (v. t.) To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to roast coffee; to roast chestnuts, or peanuts. Roast (v. t.) Hence, to heat to excess; to heat violently; to burn. Roast (v. t.) To dissipate by heat the volatile parts of, as ores. Roast (v. t.) To banter severely. Roast (v. i.) To cook meat, fish, etc., by heat, as before the fire or in an oven. Roast (v. i.) To undergo the process of being roasted. Roast (n.) That which is roasted; a piece of meat which has been roasted, or is suitable for being roasted. Roast (a.) Roasted; as, roast beef. Roaster (n.) One who roasts meat. Roaster (n.) A contrivance for roasting. Roaster (n.) A pig, or other article of food fit for roasting. Roasting () a. & n., from Roast, v. Rob (n.) The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, obtained by evaporation of the juice over a fire till it acquires the consistence of a sirup. It is sometimes mixed with honey or sugar. Robbed (imp. & p. p.) of Rob Robbing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rob Rob (v. t.) To take (something) away from by force; to strip by stealing; to plunder; to pillage; to steal from. Rob (v. t.) To take the property of (any one) from his person, or in his presence, feloniously, and against his will, by violence or by putting him in fear. Rob (v. t.) To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to defraud; as, to rob one of his rest, or of his good name; a tree robs the plants near it of sunlight. Rob (v. i.) To take that which belongs to another, without right or permission, esp. by violence. Roband (n.) See Roperand. Robber (n.) One who robs; in law, one who feloniously takes goods or money from the person of another by violence or by putting him in fear. Robberies (pl. ) of Robbery Robbery (n.) The act or practice of robbing; theft. Robbery (n.) The crime of robbing. See Rob, v. t., 2. Robbin (n.) A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The robbin of rice in Malabar weighs about 84 pounds. Robbin (n.) See Ropeband. Robe (v. t.) An outer garment; a dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; hence, a dress of state, rank, office, or the like. Robe (v. t.) A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the bison, dressed with the fur on, and used as a wrap. Robed (imp. & p. p.) of Robe Robing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Robe Robe (v. t.) To invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as, fields robed with green. Robe-de-chambre (n.) A dressing gown, or morning gown. -men (pl. ) of Robertsman Roberdsman (n.) Alt. of Robertsman Robertsman (n.) A bold, stout robber, or night thief; -- said to be so called from Robin Hood. Robert (n.) See Herb Robert, under Herb. Robin (n.) A small European singing bird (Erythacus rubecula), having a reddish breast; -- called also robin redbreast, robinet, and ruddock. Robin (n.) An American singing bird (Merula migratoria), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called also robin redbreast, and migratory thrush. Robin (n.) Any one of several species of Australian warblers of the genera Petroica, Melanadrays, and allied genera; as, the scarlet-breasted robin (Petroica mullticolor). Robin (n.) Any one of several Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins. See Indian robin, below. Robinet (n.) The chaffinch; -- called also roberd. Robinet (n.) The European robin. Robinet (n.) A military engine formerly used for throwing darts and stones. Robing (n.) The act of putting on a robe. Robin Goodfellow () A celebrated fairy; Puck. See Puck. Robinia (n.) A genus of leguminous trees including the common locust of North America (Robinia Pseudocacia). Roborant (a.) Strengthening. Roborant (n.) A strengthening medicine; a tonic. Roborate (v. t.) To give strength or support to; to confirm. Roboration (n.) The act of strengthening. Roborean (a.) Alt. of Roboreous Roboreous (a.) Made of oak. Robust (a.) Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong; sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body; robust youth; robust health. Robust (a.) Violent; rough; rude. Robust (a.) Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment. Robustious (a.) Robust. Robustly (adv.) In a robust manner. Robustness (n.) The quality or state of being robust. Roc (n.) A monstrous bird of Arabian mythology. Rocambole (n.) A name of Allium Scorodoprasum and A. Ascalonium, two kinds of garlic, the latter of which is also called shallot. Roccellic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic series found in archil (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), and other lichens, and extracted as a white crystalline substance C17H32O4. Roccellin (n.) A red dyestuff, used as a substitute for cochineal, archil, etc. It consists of the sodium salt of a complex azo derivative of naphtol. Roche (n.) Rock. Roche alum () A kind of alum occuring in small fragments; -- so called from Rocca, in Syria, whence alum is said to have been obtained; -- also called rock alum. Rochelime (n.) Lime in the lump after it is burned; quicklime. Rochelle (n.) A seaport town in France. Roche moutonnee () See Sheepback. Rochet (n.) A linen garment resembling the surplise, but with narrower sleeves, also without sleeves, worn by bishops, and by some other ecclesiastical dignitaries, in certain religious ceremonies. Rochet (n.) A frock or outer garment worn in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Rochet (n.) The red gurnard, or gurnet. See Gurnard. Roching cask () A tank in which alum is crystallized from a solution. Rock (n.) See Roc. Rock (n.) A distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, and from which the thread is drawn in spinning. Rock (n.) A large concreted mass of stony material; a large fixed stone or crag. See Stone. Rock (n.) Any natural deposit forming a part of the earth's crust, whether consolidated or not, including sand, earth, clay, etc., when in natural beds. Rock (n.) That which resembles a rock in firmness; a defense; a support; a refuge. Rock (n.) Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck resembling the wreck of a vessel upon a rock. Rock (n.) The striped bass. See under Bass. Rocked (imp. & p. p.) of Rock Rocking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rock Rock (v. t.) To cause to sway backward and forward, as a body resting on a support beneath; as, to rock a cradle or chair; to cause to vibrate; to cause to reel or totter. Rock (v. t.) To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep by rocking; to still; to quiet. Rock (v. i.) To move or be moved backward and forward; to be violently agitated; to reel; to totter. Rock (v. i.) To roll or saway backward and forward upon a support; as, to rock in a rocking-chair. Rockaway () Formerly, a light, low, four-wheeled carriage, with standing top, open at the sides, but having waterproof curtains which could be let down when occasion required; now, a somewhat similar, but heavier, carriage, inclosed, except in front, and having a door at each side. Rockelay (n.) Alt. of Rocklay Rocklay (n.) See Rokelay. Rocker (n.) One who rocks; specifically, one who rocks a cradle. Rocker (n.) One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on which a cradle, chair, etc., rocks. Rocker (n.) Any implement or machine working with a rocking motion, as a trough mounted on rockers for separating gold dust from gravel, etc., by agitation in water. Rocker (n.) A play horse on rockers; a rocking-horse. Rocker (n.) A chair mounted on rockers; a rocking-chair. Rocker (n.) A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling in shape the rocker of a cradle. Rocker (n.) Same as Rock shaft. Rockered (a.) Shaped like a rocker; curved; as, a rockered keel. Rockery (n.) A mound formed of fragments of rock, earth, etc., and set with plants. Rocket (n.) A cruciferous plant (Eruca sativa) sometimes eaten in Europe as a salad. Rocket (n.) Damewort. Rocket (n.) Rocket larkspur. See below. Rocket (n.) An artificial firework consisting of a cylindrical case of paper or metal filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter, charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened to a guiding stick. The rocket is projected through the air by the force arising from the expansion of the gases liberated by combustion of the composition. Rockets are used as projectiles for various purposes, for signals, and also for pyrotechnic display. Rocket (n.) A blunt lance head used in the joust. Rocketed (imp. & p. p.) of Rocket Rocketing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rocket Rocket (v. i.) To rise straight up; said of birds; usually in the present participle or as an adjective. Rocketer (n.) A bird, especially a pheasant, which, being flushed, rises straight in the air like a rocket. Rockfish (n.) Any one of several California scorpaenoid food fishes of the genus Sebastichthys, as the red rockfish (S. ruber). They are among the most important of California market fishes. Called also rock cod, and garrupa. Rockfish (n.) The striped bass. See Bass. Rockfish (n.) Any one of several species of Florida and Bermuda groupers of the genus Epinephelus. Rockfish (n.) An American fresh-water darter; the log perch. Rockiness (n.) The state or quality of being rocky. Rocking (a.) Having a swaying, rolling, or back-and-forth movement; used for rocking. Rocking-chair (n.) A chair mounted on rockers, in which one may rock. Rocking-horse (n.) The figure of a horse, mounted upon rockers, for children to ride. Rocking-stone (n.) A stone, often of great size and weight, resting upon another stone, and so exactly poised that it can be rocked, or slightly moved, with but little force. Rockless (a.) Being without rocks. Rockling (n.) Any species of small marine fishes of the genera Onos and Rhinonemus (formerly Motella), allied to the cod. They have three or four barbels. Rockrose (n.) A name given to any species of the genus Helianthemum, low shrubs or herbs with yellow flowers, especially the European H. vulgare and the American frostweed, H. Canadense. Rock shaft () A shaft that oscillates on its journals, instead of revolving, -- usually carrying levers by means of which it receives and communicates reciprocating motion, as in the valve gear of some steam engines; -- called also rocker, rocking shaft, and way shaft. Rock staff (v. i.) An oscillating bar in a machine, as the lever of the bellows of a forge. Rocksucker (n.) A lamprey. Rockweed (n.) Any coarse seaweed growing on sea-washed rocks, especially Fucus. Rockwood (n.) Ligniform asbestus; also, fossil wood. Rockwork (n.) Stonework in which the surface is left broken and rough. Rockwork (n.) A rockery. Rocky (a.) Full of, or abounding in, rocks; consisting of rocks; as, a rocky mountain; a rocky shore. Rocky (a.) Like a rock; as, the rocky orb of a shield. Rocky (a.) Fig.: Not easily impressed or affected; hard; unfeeling; obdurate; as, a rocky bosom. Rocoa (n.) The orange-colored pulp covering the seeds of the tropical plant Bixa Orellana, from which annotto is prepared. See Annoto. Rococo (n.) A florid style of ornamentation which prevailed in Europe in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Rococo (a.) Of or pertaining to the style called rococo; like rococo; florid; fantastic. Rod (n.) A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of wood or metal (applied to various purposes). Rod (n.) An instrument of punishment or correction; figuratively, chastisement. Rod (n.) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; oppression. Rod (n.) A support for a fishing line; a fish pole. Rod (n.) A member used in tension, as for sustaining a suspended weight, or in tension and compression, as for transmitting reciprocating motion, etc.; a connecting bar. Rod (n.) An instrument for measuring. Rod (n.) A measure of length containing sixteen and a half feet; -- called also perch, and pole. Roddy (a.) Full of rods or twigs. Roddy (a.) Ruddy. Rode (n.) Redness; complexion. Rode () imp. of Ride. Rode (n.) See Rood, the cross. Rodent (v. t.) Gnawing; biting; corroding; (Med.) applied to a destructive variety of cancer or ulcer. Rodent (v. t.) Gnawing. Rodent (v. t.) Of or pertaining to the Rodentia. Rodent (n.) One of the Rodentia. Rodentia (a.) An order of mammals having two (rarely four) large incisor teeth in each jaw, distant from the molar teeth. The rats, squirrels, rabbits, marmots, and beavers belong to this order. Rodeo (n.) A round-up. See Round-up. Rodge (n.) The gadwall. Rodomel (n.) Juice of roses mixed with honey. Rodomont (n.) A vain or blustering boaster; a braggart; a braggadocio. Rodomont (a.) Bragging; vainly boasting. Rodomontade (n.) Vain boasting; empty bluster or vaunting; rant. Rodomontade (v. i.) To boast; to brag; to bluster; to rant. Rodomontadist (n.) One who boasts. Rodomontado (n.) Rodomontade. Rodomontador (n.) A rodomontadist. Rodsmen (pl. ) of Rodsman Rodsman (n.) One who carries and holds a leveling staff, or rod, in a surveying party. Rody (a.) Ruddy. Roe (n.) A roebuck. See Roebuck. Roe (n.) The female of any species of deer. Roe (n.) The ova or spawn of fishes and amphibians, especially when still inclosed in the ovarian membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the testes of the male. Roe (n.) A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood, especially in mahogany. Roebuck (n.) A small European and Asiatic deer (Capreolus capraea) having erect, cylindrical, branched antlers, forked at the summit. This, the smallest European deer, is very nimble and graceful. It always prefers a mountainous country, or high grounds. Roed (a.) Filled with roe. Roedeer (n.) The roebuck. Roestone (n.) Same as Oolite. Rogation (n.) The demand, by the consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people; a proposed law or decree. Rogation (n.) Litany; supplication. Rogatory (a.) Seeking information; authorized to examine witnesses or ascertain facts; as, a rogatory commission. Rogue (n.) A vagrant; an idle, sturdy beggar; a vagabond; a tramp. Rogue (n.) A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a cheat. Rogue (n.) One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome; hence, often used as a term of endearment. Rogue (n.) An elephant that has separated from a herd and roams about alone, in which state it is very savage. Rogue (n.) A worthless plant occuring among seedlings of some choice variety. Rogue (v. i.) To wander; to play the vagabond; to play knavish tricks. Rogue (v. t.) To give the name or designation of rogue to; to decry. Rogue (v. t.) To destroy (plants that do not come up to a required standard). Roguery (n.) The life of a vargant. Roguery (n.) The practices of a rogue; knavish tricks; cheating; fraud; dishonest practices. Roguery (n.) Arch tricks; mischievousness. Rogueship (n.) The quality or state of being a rogue. Roguish (a.) Vagrant. Roguish (a.) Resembling, or characteristic of, a rogue; knavish. Roguish (a.) Pleasantly mischievous; waggish; arch. Roguy (a.) Roguish. Rohob (n.) An inspissated juice. See Rob. Roial (a.) Royal. Roiled (imp. & p. p.) of Roil Roiling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roil Roil (v.) To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of; as, to roil wine, cider, etc. , in casks or bottles; to roil a spring. Roil (v.) To disturb, as the temper; to ruffle the temper of; to rouse the passion of resentment in; to perplex. Roil (v. i.) To wander; to roam. Roil (v. i.) To romp. Roily (a.) Turbid; as, roily water. Roin (v. t.) See Royne. Roin (n.) A scab; a scurf, or scurfy spot. Roinish (a.) See Roynish. Roint (interj.) See Aroint. Roist (v. i.) See Roister. Roister (v. i.) To bluster; to swagger; to bully; to be bold, noisy, vaunting, or turbulent. Roister (n.) See Roisterer. Roisterer (n.) A blustering, turbulent fellow. Roisterly (a.) Blustering; violent. Roisterly (adv.) In a roistering manner. Rokambole (n.) See Rocambole. Roke (n.) Mist; smoke; damp Roke (n.) A vein of ore. Rokeage (n.) Alt. of Rokee Rokee (n.) Parched Indian corn, pounded up and mixed with sugar; -- called also yokeage. Rokelay (n.) A short cloak. Roky (a.) Misty; foggy; cloudy. Role (n.) A part, or character, performed by an actor in a drama; hence, a part of function taken or assumed by any one; as, he has now taken the role of philanthropist. Rolled (imp. & p. p.) of Roll Rolling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roll Roll (n.) To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and over on a supporting surface; as, to roll a wheel, a ball, or a barrel. Roll (n.) To wrap round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over; as, to roll a sheet of paper; to roll parchment; to roll clay or putty into a ball. Roll (n.) To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage; to inwrap; -- often with up; as, to roll up a parcel. Roll (n.) To drive or impel forward with an easy motion, as of rolling; as, a river rolls its waters to the ocean. Roll (n.) To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to utter with a deep sound; -- often with forth, or out; as, to roll forth some one's praises; to roll out sentences. Roll (n.) To press or level with a roller; to spread or form with a roll, roller, or rollers; as, to roll a field; to roll paste; to roll steel rails, etc. Roll (n.) To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means of, rollers or small wheels. Roll (n.) To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a drum; to sound a roll upon. Roll (n.) To apply (one line or surface) to another without slipping; to bring all the parts of (one line or surface) into successive contact with another, in suck manner that at every instant the parts that have been in contact are equal. Roll (n.) To turn over in one's mind; to revolve. Roll (v. i.) To move, as a curved object may, along a surface by rotation without sliding; to revolve upon an axis; to turn over and over; as, a ball or wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an inclined plane. Roll (v. i.) To move on wheels; as, the carriage rolls along the street. Roll (v. i.) To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls unevenly; the snow rolls well. Roll (v. i.) To fall or tumble; -- with over; as, a stream rolls over a precipice. Roll (v. i.) To perform a periodical revolution; to move onward as with a revolution; as, the rolling year; ages roll away. Roll (v. i.) To turn; to move circularly. Roll (v. i.) To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swell and depression. Roll (v. i.) To incline first to one side, then to the other; to rock; as, there is a great difference in ships about rolling; in a general semse, to be tossed about. Roll (v. i.) To turn over, or from side to side, while lying down; to wallow; as, a horse rolls. Roll (v. i.) To spread under a roller or rolling-pin; as, the paste rolls well. Roll (v. i.) To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear. Roll (v. i.) To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; as, the thunder rolls. Roll (v.) The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as, the roll of a ball; the roll of waves. Roll (v.) That which rolls; a roller. Roll (v.) A heavy cylinder used to break clods. Roll (v.) One of a set of revolving cylinders, or rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed, as in a rolling mill; as, to pass rails through the rolls. Roll (v.) That which is rolled up; as, a roll of fat, of wool, paper, cloth, etc. Roll (v.) A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll. Roll (v.) Hence, an official or public document; a register; a record; also, a catalogue; a list. Roll (v.) A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as, a roll of carpeting; a roll of ribbon. Roll (v.) A cylindrical twist of tobacco. Roll (v.) A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread, often rolled or doubled upon itself. Roll (v.) The oscillating movement of a vessel from side to side, in sea way, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called pitching. Roll (v.) A heavy, reverberatory sound; as, the roll of cannon, or of thunder. Roll (v.) The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear. Roll (v.) Part; office; duty; role. Rollable (a.) Capable of being rolled. Roller (n.) One who, or that which, rolls; especially, a cylinder, sometimes grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the arts. Roller (n.) A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in surgery. Roller (n.) One of series of long, heavy waves which roll in upon a coast, sometimes in calm weather. Roller (n.) A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a rolling cylinder; -- called also roller towel. Roller (n.) A cylinder coated with a composition made principally of glue and molassess, with which forms of type are inked previously to taking an impression from them. Roller (n.) A long cylinder on which something is rolled up; as, the roller of a man. Roller (n.) A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate, etc. Roller (n.) ANy insect whose larva rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see Tortrix. Roller (n.) Any one of numerous species of Old World picarian birds of the family Coraciadae. The name alludes to their habit of suddenly turning over or "tumbling" in flight. Roller (n.) Any species of small ground snakes of the family Tortricidae. Rolley (n.) A small wagon used for the underground work of a mine. Rollicked (imp. & p. p.) of Rollic Rollicking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rollic Rollic (v. i.) To move or play in a careless, swaggering manner, with a frolicsome air; to frolic; to sport; commonly in the form rollicking. Rolling (a.) Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by rotation; turning over and over as if on an axis or a pivot; as, a rolling wheel or ball. Rolling (a.) Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels or rollers; as, a rolling chair. Rolling (a.) Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface; as, a rolling country; rolling land. Rolling-pin (n.) A cylindrical piece of wood or other material, with which paste or dough may be rolled out and reduced to a proper thickness. Rollway (n.) A place prepared for rolling logs into a stream. Rolly-poly (n.) A kind of pudding made of paste spread with fruit, rolled into a cylindrical form, and boiled or steamed. Rolly-poly (a.) Shaped like a rolly-poly; short and stout. Rolly-pooly (n.) A game in which a ball, rolling into a certain place, wins. Roly-poly (n. & a.) Rolly-poly. Romage (n. & v.) See Rummage. Romaic (a.) Of or relating to modern Greece, and especially to its language. Romaic (n.) The modern Greek language, now usually called by the Greeks Hellenic or Neo-Hellenic. Roman (a.) Of or pertaining to Rome, or the Roman people; like or characteristic of Rome, the Roman people, or things done by Romans; as, Roman fortitude; a Roman aqueduct; Roman art. Roman (a.) Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion; professing that religion. Roman (a.) Upright; erect; -- said of the letters or kind of type ordinarily used, as distinguished from Italic characters. Roman (a.) Expressed in letters, not in figures, as I., IV., i., iv., etc.; -- said of numerals, as distinguished from the Arabic numerals, 1, 4, etc. Roman (n.) A native, or permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of Rome, or one upon whom certain rights and privileges of a Roman citizen were conferred. Roman (n.) Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; -- in distinction from Italics. Romance (n.) A species of fictitious writing, originally composed in meter in the Romance dialects, and afterward in prose, such as the tales of the court of Arthur, and of Amadis of Gaul; hence, any fictitious and wonderful tale; a sort of novel, especially one which treats of surprising adventures usually befalling a hero or a heroine; a tale of extravagant adventures, of love, and the like. Romance (n.) An adventure, or series of extraordinary events, resembling those narrated in romances; as, his courtship, or his life, was a romance. Romance (n.) A dreamy, imaginative habit of mind; a disposition to ignore what is real; as, a girl full of romance. Romance (n.) The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the Romanic languages). Romance (n.) A short lyric tale set to music; a song or short instrumental piece in ballad style; a romanza. Romance (a.) Of or pertaining to the language or dialects known as Romance. Romanced (imp. & p. p.) of Romance Romancing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Romance Romance (v. i.) To write or tell romances; to indulge in extravagant stories. Romancer (n.) One who romances. Romancist (n.) A romancer. Romancy (a.) Romantic. Romanesque (a.) Somewhat resembling the Roman; -- applied sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman empire, but esp. to the more developed architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th. Romanesque (a.) Of or pertaining to romance or fable; fanciful. Romanesque (n.) Romanesque style. Romanic (n.) Of or pertaining to Rome or its people. Romanic (n.) Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc. Romanic (n.) Related to the Roman people by descent; -- said especially of races and nations speaking any of the Romanic tongues. Romanish (a.) Pertaining to Romanism. Romanism (n.) The tenets of the Church of Rome; the Roman Catholic religion. Romanist (n.) One who adheres to Romanism. Romanized (imp. & p. p.) of Romanize Romanizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Romanize Romanize (v. t.) To Latinize; to fill with Latin words or idioms. Romanize (v. t.) To convert to the Roman Catholic religion. Romanize (v. i.) To use Latin words and idioms. Romanize (v. i.) To conform to Roman Catholic opinions, customs, or modes of speech. Romanizer (n.) One who Romanizes. Romansch (n.) The language of the Grisons in Switzerland, a corruption of the Latin. Romant (n.) A romaunt. Romantic (a.) Of or pertaining to romance; involving or resembling romance; hence, fanciful; marvelous; extravagant; unreal; as, a romantic tale; a romantic notion; a romantic undertaking. Romantic (a.) Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a romance; as, a romantic person; a romantic mind. Romantic (a.) Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian and popular literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the classical antique; of the nature of, or appropriate to, that style; as, the romantic school of poets. Romantic (a.) Characterized by strangeness or variety; suggestive of adventure; suited to romance; wild; picturesque; -- applied to scenery; as, a romantic landscape. Romantical (a.) Romantic. Romanticaly (adv.) In a romantic manner. Romanticism (n.) A fondness for romantic characteristics or peculiarities; specifically, in modern literature, an aiming at romantic effects; -- applied to the productions of a school of writers who sought to revive certain medi/val forms and methods in opposition to the so-called classical style. Romanticist (n.) One who advocates romanticism in modern literature. Romanticly (adv.) Romantically. Romanticness (n.) The state or quality of being romantic; widness; fancifulness. Romany (n.) A gypsy. Romany (n.) The language spoken among themselves by the gypsies. Romanza (n.) See Romance, 5. Romaunt (n.) A romantic story in verse; as, the "Romaunt of the Rose." Romble (v.& n.) Rumble. Rombowline (n.) Old, condemned canvas, rope, etc., unfit for use except in chafing gear. Romeine (n.) Alt. of Romeite Romeite (n.) A mineral of a hyacinth or honey-yellow color, occuring in square octahedrons. It is an antimonate of calcium. Romekin (n.) A drinking cup. Rome penny () Alt. of Rome scot Rome scot () See Peter pence, under Peter. Romeward (adv.) Toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church. Romeward (a.) Tending or directed toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church. Romic (n.) A method of notation for all spoken sounds, proposed by Mr. Sweet; -- so called because it is based on the common Roman-letter alphabet. It is like the palaeotype of Mr. Ellis in the general plan, but simpler. Romish (a.) Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the Roman Catholic Church; -- frequently used in a disparaging sense; as, the Romish church; the Romish religion, ritual, or ceremonies. Romist (n.) A Roman Catholic. Romped (imp. & p. p.) of Romp Romping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Romp Romp (v. i.) To play rudely and boisterously; to leap and frisk about in play. Romp (n.) A girl who indulges in boisterous play. Romp (n.) Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough sport. Romping (a.) Inclined to romp; indulging in romps. Rompingly (adv.) In a romping manner. Rompish (a.) Given to rude play; inclined to romp. Rompu (a.) Broken, as an ordinary; cut off, or broken at the top, as a chevron, a bend, or the like. Roncador (n.) Any one of several species of California sciaenoid food fishes, especially Roncador Stearnsi, which is an excellent market fish, and the red roncador (Corvina, / Johnius, saturna). Ronchil (n.) An American marine food fish (Bathymaster signatus) of the North Pacific coast, allied to the tilefish. Ronco (n.) See Croaker, n., 2. (a). Rondache (n.) A circular shield carried by foot soldiers. Ronde (n.) A kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look. Rondeau (n.) A species of lyric poetry so composed as to contain a refrain or repetition which recurs according to a fixed law, and a limited number of rhymes recurring also by rule. Rondeau (n.) See Rondo, 1. Rondel (n.) A small round tower erected at the foot of a bastion. Rondel (n.) Same as Rondeau. Rondel (n.) Specifically, a particular form of rondeau containing fourteen lines in two rhymes, the refrain being a repetition of the first and second lines as the seventh and eighth, and again as the thirteenth and fourteenth. Rondeletia (n.) A tropical genus of rubiaceous shrubs which often have brilliant flowers. Rondle (n.) A rondeau. Rondle (n.) A round mass, plate, or disk; especially (Metal.), the crust or scale which forms upon the surface of molten metal in the crucible. Rondo (n.) A composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains. Rondo (n.) See Rondeau, 1. Rondure (n.) A round; a circle. Rondure (n.) Roundness; plumpness. Rong () imp. & p. p. of Ring. Rong (n.) Rung (of a ladder). Rongeur (n.) An instrument for removing small rough portions of bone. Ronion (n.) Alt. of Ronyon Ronyon (n.) A mangy or scabby creature. Ronne () obs. imp. pl. Ronnen () obs. p. p. of Renne, to run. Ront (n.) A runt. Rood (n.) A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross with Christ hanging on it. Rood (n.) A measure of five and a half yards in length; a rod; a perch; a pole. Rood (n.) The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods. Roodebok (n.) The pallah. Roody (a.) Rank in growth. Roof (n.) The cover of any building, including the roofing (see Roofing) and all the materials and construction necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the walls or other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted ceilings protected by an outer roof, some writers call the vault the roof, and the outer protection the roof mask. It is better, however, to consider the vault as the ceiling only, in cases where it has farther covering. Roof (n.) That which resembles, or corresponds to, the covering or the ceiling of a house; as, the roof of a cavern; the roof of the mouth. Roof (n.) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying a bed of coal or a flat vein. Roofed (imp. & p. p.) of Roof Roofing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roof Roof (v. t.) To cover with a roof. Roof (v. t.) To inclose in a house; figuratively, to shelter. Roofer (n.) One who puts on roofs. Roofing (n.) The act of covering with a roof. Roofing (n.) The materials of which a roof is composed; materials for a roof. Roofing (n.) Hence, the roof itself; figuratively, shelter. Roofing (n.) The wedging, as of a horse or car, against the top of an underground passage. Roofless (a.) Having no roof; as, a roofless house. Roofless (a.) Having no house or home; shelterless; homeless. Rooflet (n.) A small roof, covering, or shelter. Rooftree (n.) The beam in the angle of a roof; hence, the roof itself. Roofy (a.) Having roofs. Rook (n.) Mist; fog. See Roke. Rook (v. i.) To squat; to ruck. Rook (n.) One of the four pieces placed on the corner squares of the board; a castle. Rook (n.) A European bird (Corvus frugilegus) resembling the crow, but smaller. It is black, with purple and violet reflections. The base of the beak and the region around it are covered with a rough, scabrous skin, which in old birds is whitish. It is gregarious in its habits. The name is also applied to related Asiatic species. Rook (n.) A trickish, rapacious fellow; a cheat; a sharper. Rooked (imp. & p. p.) of Rook Rooking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rook Rook (v. t. & i.) To cheat; to defraud by cheating. Rookeries (pl. ) of Rookery Rookery (n.) The breeding place of a colony of rooks; also, the birds themselves. Rookery (n.) A breeding place of other gregarious birds, as of herons, penguins, etc. Rookery (n.) The breeding ground of seals, esp. of the fur seals. Rookery (n.) A dilapidated building with many rooms and occupants; a cluster of dilapidated or mean buildings. Rookery (n.) A brothel. Rooky (a.) Misty; gloomy. Room (n.) Unobstructed spase; space which may be occupied by or devoted to any object; compass; extent of place, great or small; as, there is not room for a house; the table takes up too much room. Room (n.) A particular portion of space appropriated for occupancy; a place to sit, stand, or lie; a seat. Room (n.) Especially, space in a building or ship inclosed or set apart by a partition; an apartment or chamber. Room (n.) Place or position in society; office; rank; post; station; also, a place or station once belonging to, or occupied by, another, and vacated. Room (n.) Possibility of admission; ability to admit; opportunity to act; fit occasion; as, to leave room for hope. Roomed (imp. & p. p.) of Room Rooming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Room Room (v. i.) To occupy a room or rooms; to lodge; as, they arranged to room together. Room (a.) Spacious; roomy. Roomage (n.) Space; place; room. Roomer (n.) A lodger. Roomer (a.) At a greater distance; farther off. Roomful (a.) Abounding with room or rooms; roomy. Roomfuls (pl. ) of Roomful Roomful (n.) As much or many as a room will hold; as, a roomful of men. Roomily (adv.) Spaciously. Roominess (n.) The quality or state of being roomy; spaciousness; as, the roominess of a hall. Roomless (a.) Being without room or rooms. Roommate (n.) One of twe or more occupying the same room or rooms; one who shares the occupancy of a room or rooms; a chum. Roomsome (a.) Roomy. Roomth (n.) Room; space. Roomthy (a.) Roomy; spacious. Roomy (a.) Having ample room; spacious; large; as, a roomy mansion; a roomy deck. Roon (a. & n.) Vermilion red; red. Roop (n.) See Roup. Roorback (n.) Alt. of Roorbach Roorbach (n.) A defamatory forgery or falsehood published for purposes of political intrigue. Roosa oil () The East Indian name for grass oil. See under Grass. Roost (n.) Roast. Roost (v. t.) See Roust, v. t. Roost (n.) The pole or other support on which fowls rest at night; a perch. Roost (n.) A collection of fowls roosting together. Roosted (imp. & p. p.) of Roost Roosting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roost Roost (v. i.) To sit, rest, or sleep, as fowls on a pole, limb of a tree, etc.; to perch. Roost (v. i.) Fig.; To lodge; to rest; to sleep. Roostcock (n.) The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. Rooster (n.) The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. Root (v. i.) To turn up the earth with the snout, as swine. Root (v. i.) Hence, to seek for favor or advancement by low arts or groveling servility; to fawn servilely. Root (v. t.) To turn up or to dig out with the snout; as, the swine roots the earth. Root (n.) The underground portion of a plant, whether a true root or a tuber, a bulb or rootstock, as in the potato, the onion, or the sweet flag. Root (n.) The descending, and commonly branching, axis of a plant, increasing in length by growth at its extremity only, not divided into joints, leafless and without buds, and having for its offices to fix the plant in the earth, to supply it with moisture and soluble matters, and sometimes to serve as a reservoir of nutriment for future growth. A true root, however, may never reach the ground, but may be attached to a wall, etc., as in the ivy, or may hang loosely in the air, as in some epiphytic orchids. Root (n.) An edible or esculent root, especially of such plants as produce a single root, as the beet, carrot, etc.; as, the root crop. Root (n.) That which resembles a root in position or function, esp. as a source of nourishment or support; that from which anything proceeds as if by growth or development; as, the root of a tooth, a nail, a cancer, and the like. Root (n.) An ancestor or progenitor; and hence, an early race; a stem. Root (n.) A primitive form of speech; one of the earliest terms employed in language; a word from which other words are formed; a radix, or radical. Root (n.) The cause or occasion by which anything is brought about; the source. Root (n.) That factor of a quantity which when multiplied into itself will produce that quantity; thus, 3 is a root of 9, because 3 multiplied into itself produces 9; 3 is the cube root of 27. Root (n.) The fundamental tone of any chord; the tone from whose harmonics, or overtones, a chord is composed. Root (n.) The lowest place, position, or part. Root (n.) The time which to reckon in making calculations. Rooted (imp. & p. p.) of Root Rooting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Root Root (v. i.) To fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots; to take root and begin to grow. Root (v. i.) To be firmly fixed; to be established. Root (v. t.) To plant and fix deeply in the earth, or as in the earth; to implant firmly; hence, to make deep or radical; to establish; -- used chiefly in the participle; as, rooted trees or forests; rooted dislike. Root (v. t.) To tear up by the root; to eradicate; to extirpate; -- with up, out, or away. Rootcap (n.) A mass of parenchymatous cells which covers and protects the growing cells at the end of a root; a pileorhiza. Rooted (a.) Having taken root; firmly implanted; fixed in the heart. Rooter (n.) One who, or that which, roots; one that tears up by the roots. Rootery (n.) A pile of roots, set with plants, mosses, etc., and used as an ornamental object in gardening. Rootless (a.) Destitute of roots. Rootlet (n.) A radicle; a little root. Rootstock (n.) A perennial underground stem, producing leafly s/ems or flower stems from year to year; a rhizome. Rooty (a.) Full of roots; as, rooty ground. Ropalic (a.) See Rhopalic. Rope (n.) A large, stout cord, usually one not less than an inch in circumference, made of strands twisted or braided together. It differs from cord, line, and string, only in its size. See Cordage. Rope (n.) A row or string consisting of a number of things united, as by braiding, twining, etc.; as, a rope of onions. Rope (n.) The small intestines; as, the ropes of birds. Roped (imp. & p. p.) of Rope Roping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rope Rope (v. i.) To be formed into rope; to draw out or extend into a filament or thread, as by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality. Rope (v. t.) To bind, fasten, or tie with a rope or cord; as, to rope a bale of goods. Rope (v. t.) To connect or fasten together, as a party of mountain climbers, with a rope. Rope (v. t.) To partition, separate, or divide off, by means of a rope, so as to include or exclude something; as, to rope in, or rope off, a plot of ground; to rope out a crowd. Rope (v. t.) To lasso (a steer, horse). Rope (v. t.) To draw, as with a rope; to entice; to inveigle; to decoy; as, to rope in customers or voters. Rope (v. t.) To prevent from winning (as a horse), by pulling or curbing. Ropeband (n.) A small piece of spun yarn or marline, used to fasten the head of the sail to the spar. Ropedancer (n.) One who dances, walks, or performs acrobatic feats, on a rope extended through the air at some height. Roper (n.) A maker of ropes. Roper (n.) One who ropes goods; a packer. Roper (n.) One fit to be hanged. Ropery (n.) A place where ropes are made. Ropery (n.) Tricks deserving the halter; roguery. Rope's-end (v. t.) To punish with a rope's end. Ropewalk (a.) A long, covered walk, or a low, level building, where ropes are manufactured. Ropewalker (n.) A ropedancer. Rope-yarn (n.) the yarn or thread of any stuff of which the strands of a rope are made. Ropily (adv.) In a ropy manner; in a viscous or glutinous manner. Ropiness (n.) Quality of being ropy; viscosity. Ropish (a.) Somewhat ropy. Ropy (a.) capable of being drawn into a thread, as a glutinous substance; stringy; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy sirup; ropy lees. Roquelaure (n.) A cloak reaching about to, or just below, the knees, worn in the 18th century. Roquet (v. t.) To hit, as another's ball, with one's own ball. Roquet (v. i.) To hit another's ball with one's own. Roral (a.) Of or pertaining to dew; consisting of dew; dewy. Roration (n.) A falling of dew. Roric (a.) Of or pertaining to dew; resembling dew; dewy. Rorid (a.) Dewy; bedewed. Roriferous (a.) generating or producing dew. Rorifluent (a.) Flowing with dew. Rorqual (n.) A very large North Atlantic whalebone whale (Physalus antiquorum, or Balaenoptera physalus). It has a dorsal fin, and strong longitudinal folds on the throat and belly. Called also razorback. Rorulent (a.) Full of, or abounding in, dew. Rorulent (a.) Having the surface appearing as if dusty, or covered with fine dew. Rory (a.) Dewy. Rosaceous (a.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Rosaceae) of which the rose is the type. It includes also the plums and cherries, meadowsweet, brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies, pears, service trees, and quinces. Rosaceous (a.) Like a rose in shape or appearance; as, a rosaceous corolla. Rosaceous (a.) Of a pure purpish pink color. Rosacic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also lithic acid) found in certain red precipitates of urine. See Uric. Rosalgar (n.) realgar. Rosalia (n.) A form of melody in which a phrase or passage is successively repeated, each time a step or half step higher; a melodic sequence. Rosaniline (n.) A complex nitrogenous base, C20H21N3O, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of aniline and toluidine, as a colorless crystalline substance which forms red salts. These salts are essential components of many of the socalled aniline dyes, as fuchsine, aniline red, etc. By extension, any one of the series of substances derived from, or related to, rosaniline proper. Rosarian (n.) A cultivator of roses. Rosaries (pl. ) of Rosary Rosary (n.) A bed of roses, or place where roses grow. Rosary (n.) A series of prayers (see Note below) arranged to be recited in order, on beads; also, a string of beads by which the prayers are counted. Rosary (n.) A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection, as of beautiful thoughts or of literary selections. Rosary (n.) A coin bearing the figure of a rose, fraudulently circulated in Ireland in the 13th century for a penny. Roscid (a.) Containing, or consisting of, dew; dewy. Roscoelite (n.) A green micaceous mineral occurring in minute scales. It is essentially a silicate of aluminia and potash containing vanadium. Rose () imp. of Rise. Rose (n.) A flower and shrub of any species of the genus Rosa, of which there are many species, mostly found in the morthern hemispere Rose (n.) A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. Rose (n.) A rose window. See Rose window, below. Rose (n.) A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer at the foot of a pump. Rose (n.) The erysipelas. Rose (n.) The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card with radiating lines, used in other instruments. Rose (n.) The color of a rose; rose-red; pink. Rose (n.) A diamond. See Rose diamond, below. Rose (v. t.) To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush. Rose (v. t.) To perfume, as with roses. Roseal (a.) resembling a rose in smell or color. Roseate (a.) Full of roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers. Roseate (a.) resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp., tinged with rose color; blooming; as, roseate beauty; her roseate lips. Rosebay (n.) the oleander. Rosebay (n.) Any shrub of the genus Rhododendron. Rosebay (n.) An herb (Epilobium spicatum) with showy purple flowers, common in Europe and North America; -- called also great willow herb. Rosebud (n.) The flower of a rose before it opens, or when but partially open. Rosebush (n.) The bush or shrub which bears roses. Rose-colored (a.) Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; of a delicate pink color. Rose-colored (a.) Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine or pleasing; alluring; as, rose-colored anticipations. Rose-cut (a.) Cut flat on the reverse, and with a convex face formed of triangular facets in rows; -- said of diamonds and other precious stones. See Rose diamond, under Rose. Cf. Brilliant, n. Rosedrop (n.) A lozenge having a rose flavor. Rosedrop (n.) A kind of earring. Rosedrop (n.) A ruddy eruption upon the nose caused by drinking ardent spirits; a grog blossom. Rosefinch (n.) Any one of numerous species of Asiatic finches of the genera Carpodacus, and Propasser, and allied genera, in which the male is more or less colored with rose red. Rosefish (n.) A large marine scorpaenoid food fish (Sebastes marinus) found on the northern coasts of Europe and America. called also red perch, hemdurgan, Norway haddok, and also, erroneously, snapper, bream, and bergylt. Rosehead (n.) See Rose, n., 4. Rosehead (n.) A many-sided pyramidal head upon a nail; also a nail with such a head. Roseine (n.) See Magenta. Roselite (n.) A hydrous arsenite of cobalt, occuring in small red crystals, allied to erythrite. Rosella (n.) A beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus eximius) often kept as a cage bird. The head and back of the neck are scarlet, the throat is white, the back dark green varied with lighter green, and the breast yellow. Roselle (n.) a malvaceous plant (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) cultivated in the east and West Indies for its fleshy calyxes, which are used for making tarts and jelly and an acid drink. Rosemaloes (n.) The liquid storax of the East Indian Liquidambar orientalis. Rosemary (n.) A labiate shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) with narrow grayish leaves, growing native in the southern part of France, Spain, and Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has a fragrant smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is used in cookery, perfumery, etc., and is an emblem of fidelity or constancy. Rosen (a.) Consisting of roses; rosy. Rosenmuller's organ () The parovarium. Roseo- () A prefix (also used adjectively) signifying rose-red; specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds (called roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf. Luteo-. Roseola (n.) A rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in circumscribed patches of little or no elevation and often alternately fading and reviving; also, an acute specific disease which is characterized by an eruption of this character; -- called also rose rash. Rose-pink (a.) Having a pink color like that of the rose, or like the pigment called rose pink. See Rose pink, under Rose. Rose-pink (a.) Disposed to clothe everything with roseate hues; hence, sentimental. Roser (n.) A rosier; a rosebush. Rose-red (a.) Red as a rose; specifically (Zool.), of a pure purplish red color. Rose-rial (n.) A name of several English gold coins struck in different reigns and having having different values; a rose noble. Roseroot (n.) A fleshy-leaved herb (Rhodiola rosea); rosewort; -- so called because the roots have the odor of roses. Rosery (n.) A place where roses are cultivated; a nursery of roses. See Rosary, 1. Roset (n.) A red color used by painters. Ro-setta stone () A stone found at Rosetta, in Egypt, bearing a trilingual inscription, by aid of which, with other inscriptions, a key was obtained to the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. Rosetta wood () An east Indian wood of a reddish orange color, handsomely veined with darker marks. It is occasionally used for cabinetwork. Rosette (n.) An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material, -- used as an ornament or a badge. Rosette (n.) An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel, -much used in decoration. Rosette (n.) A red color. See Roset. Rosette (n.) A rose burner. See under Rose. Rosette (n.) Any structure having a flowerlike form; especially, the group of five broad ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and clypeastroid sea urchins. See Illust. of Spicule, and Sand dollar, under Sand. Rosette (n.) A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on the leopard. Rose water () Water tinctured with roses by distillation. Rose-water (a.) Having the odor of rose water; hence, affectedly nice or delicate; sentimental. Rosewood (n.) A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and variegated with black, obtained from several tropical leguminous trees of the genera Dalbergia and Machaerium. The finest kind is from Brazil, and is said to be from the Dalbergia nigra. Roseworm (n.) The larva of any one of several species of lepidopterous insects which feed upon the leaves, buds, or blossoms of the rose, especially Cacaecia rosaceana, which rolls up the leaves for a nest, and devours both the leaves and buds. Rosewort (n.) Roseroot. Rosewort (n.) Any plant nearly related to the rose. Rosicrucian (n.) One who, in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th, claimed to belong to a secret society of philosophers deeply versed in the secrets of nature, -- the alleged society having existed, it was stated, several hundred years. Rosicrucian (a.) Of or pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts. Rosied (a.) Decorated with roses, or with the color of roses. Rosier (n.) A rosebush; roses, collectively. Rosily (adv.) In a rosy manner. Rosin (n.) The hard, amber-colored resin left after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine; colophony. Rosin (v. t.) To rub with rosin, as musicians rub the bow of a violin. Rosiness (n.) The quality of being rosy. Rosinweed (n.) The compass plant. See under Compass. Rosinweed (n.) A name given in California to various composite plants which secrete resins or have a resinous smell. Rosiny (a.) like rosin, or having its qualities. Rosland (n.) heathy land; land full of heather; moorish or watery land. Rosmarine (n.) Dew from the sea; sea dew. Rosmarine (n.) Rosemary. Rosmarine (n.) A fabulous sea animal which was reported to climb by means of its teeth to the tops of rocks to feed upon the dew. Rosolic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It is produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a dark red amorphous mass, C20H16O3, which forms weak salts with bases, and stable ones with acids. Called also methyl aurin, and, formerly, corallin. Ross (n.) The rough, scaly matter on the surface of the bark of trees. Ross (v. t.) To divest of the ross, or rough, scaly surface; as, to ross bark. Rossel (n.) Light land; rosland. Rossel current () A portion of the southern equatorial current flowing westward from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea. Rosselly (a.) Loose; light. Rost (n.) See Roust. Rostel (n.) same as Rostellum. Rostellar (a.) Pertaining to a rostellum. Rostellate (a.) Having a rostellum, or small beak; terminating in a beak. Rostelliform (a.) Having the form of a rostellum, or small beak. Rostella (pl. ) of Rostellum Rostellum (n.) A small beaklike process or extension of some part; a small rostrum; as, the rostellum of the stigma of violets, or of the operculum of many mosses; the rostellum on the head of a tapeworm. Roster (n.) A register or roll showing the order in which officers, enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called on to serve. Rostra (n. pl.) See Rostrum, 2. Rostral (a.) Of or pertaining to the beak or snout of an animal, or the beak of a ship; resembling a rostrum, esp., the rostra at Rome, or their decorations. Rostrate (a.) Alt. of Rostrated Rostrated (a.) Having a process resembling the beak of a bird; beaked; rostellate. Rostrated (a.) Furnished or adorned with beaks; as, rostrated galleys. Rostrifera (n. pl.) A division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, having the head prolonged into a snout which is not retractile. Rostriform (a.) Having the form of a beak. Rostrula (pl. ) of Rostrulum Rostrulum (n.) A little rostrum, or beak, as of an insect. Rostra (pl. ) of Rostrum Rostrums (pl. ) of Rostrum Rostrum (n.) The beak or head of a ship. Rostrum (n.) The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were delivered; -- so called because after the Latin war, it was adorned with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also to other platforms erected in Rome for the use of public orators. Rostrum (n.) Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit or platform occupied by an orator or public speaker. Rostrum (n.) Any beaklike prolongation, esp. of the head of an animal, as the beak of birds. Rostrum (n.) The beak, or sucking mouth parts, of Hemiptera. Rostrum (n.) The snout of a gastropod mollusk. See Illust. of Littorina. Rostrum (n.) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of the carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the prawn. Rostrum (n.) Same as Rostellum. Rostrum (n.) The pipe to convey the distilling liquor into its receiver in the common alembic. Rostrum (n.) A pair of forceps of various kinds, having a beaklike form. Rosulate (a.) Arranged in little roselike clusters; -- said of leaves and bracts. Rosy (superl.) Resembling a rose in color, form, or qualities; blooming; red; blushing; also, adorned with roses. Rotted (imp. & p. p.) of Rot Rotting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rot Rot (v. i.) To undergo a process common to organic substances by which they lose the cohesion of their parts and pass through certain chemical changes, giving off usually in some stages of the process more or less offensive odors; to become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to decay. Rot (v. i.) Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to die; to become corrupt. Rot (v. t.) To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural processes; as, to rot vegetable fiber. Rot (v. t.) To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret. Rot (n.) Process of rotting; decay; putrefaction. Rot (n.) A disease or decay in fruits, leaves, or wood, supposed to be caused by minute fungi. See Bitter rot, Black rot, etc., below. Rot (n.) A fatal distemper which attacks sheep and sometimes other animals. It is due to the presence of a parasitic worm in the liver or gall bladder. See 1st Fluke, 2. Rota (n.) An ecclesiastical court of Rome, called also Rota Romana, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It consists of twelve members. Rota (n.) A short-lived political club established in 1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine of election of the principal officers of the state by ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of Parliament. Rota (n.) A species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the Middle Ages in church music; -- written also rotta. Rotacism (n.) See Rhotacism. Rotal (a.) Relating to wheels or to rotary motion; rotary. Rotalite (n.) Any fossil foraminifer of the genus Rotalia, abundant in the chalk formation. See Illust. under Rhizopod. Rotary (a.) Turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis; rotatory; as, rotary motion. Rotascope (n.) Same as Gyroscope, 1. Rotate (a.) Having the parts spreading out like a wheel; wheel-shaped; as, a rotate spicule or scale; a rotate corolla, i.e., a monopetalous corolla with a flattish border, and no tube or a very short one. Rotated (imp. & p. p.) of Rotate Rotating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rotate Rotate (v. i.) To turn, as a wheel, round an axis; to revolve. Rotate (v. i.) To perform any act, function, or operation in turn, to hold office in turn; as, to rotate in office. Rotate (v. i.) To cause to turn round or revolve, as a wheel around an axle. Rotate (v. i.) To cause to succeed in turn; esp., to cause to succeed some one, or to be succeeded by some one, in office. Rotated (a.) Turned round, as a wheel; also, wheel-shaped; rotate. Rotation (n.) The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the daily turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a revolution. Rotation (n.) Any return or succesion in a series. Rotation (a.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity. Rotative (a.) turning, as a wheel; rotary; rotational. Rotator (n.) that which gives a rotary or rolling motion, as a muscle which partially rotates or turns some part on its axis. Rotator (n.) A revolving reverberatory furnace. Rotatoria (n. pl.) Same as Rotifera. Rotatory (a.) Turning as on an axis; rotary. Rotatory (a.) Going in a circle; following in rotation or succession; as, rotatory assembles. Rotatory (a.) Producing rotation of the plane of polarization; as, the rotatory power of bodies on light. See the Note under polarization. Rotatory (n.) A rotifer. Rotche (n.) A very small arctic sea bird (Mergulus alle, or Alle alle) common on both coasts of the Atlantic in winter; -- called also little auk, dovekie, rotch, rotchie, and sea dove. Rotchet (n.) The European red gurnard (Trigla pini). Rote (n.) A root. Rote (n.) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy. Rote (n.) The noise produced by the surf of the sea dashing upon the shore. See Rut. Rote (n.) A frequent repetition of forms of speech without attention to the meaning; mere repetition; as, to learn rules by rote. Roted (imp. & p. p.) of Rote Roting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rote Rote (v. t.) To learn or repeat by rote. Rote (v. i.) To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. Rotella (n.) Any one of numerous species of small, polished, brightcolored gastropods of the genus Rotella, native of tropical seas. Rotgut (n.) Bad small beer. Rotgut (n.) Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when adulterated so as to be very deleterious. Rother (a.) Bovine. Rother (n.) A bovine beast. Rother (n.) A rudder. Rotifer (n.) One of the Rotifera. See Illust. in Appendix. Rotifera (n.) An order of minute worms which usually have one or two groups of vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often give an appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species are very numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and habits. Rotiform (a.) Wheel-shaped; as, rotiform appendages. Rotiform (a.) Same as Rotate. Rotta (n.) See Rota. Rotten (a.) Having rotted; putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten meat. Rotten (a.) Offensive to the smell; fetid; disgusting. Rotten (a.) Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective; treacherous; unsafe; as, a rotten plank, bone, stone. Rotula (n.) The patella, or kneepan. Rotular (a.) Of or pertaining to the rotula, or kneepan. Rotund (a.) Round; circular; spherical. Rotund (a.) Hence, complete; entire. Rotund (a.) Orbicular, or nearly so. Rotund (n.) A rotunda. Rotunda (a.) A round building; especially, one that is round both on the outside and inside, like the Pantheon at Rome. Less properly, but very commonly, used for a large round room; as, the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. Rotundate (a.) Rounded; especially, rounded at the end or ends, or at the corners. Rotundifolious (a.) Having round leaves. Rotundity (n.) The state or quality of being rotu/; roundness; sphericity; circularity. Rotundity (n.) Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness. Rotundness (n.) Roundness; rotundity. Rotundo (n.) See Rotunda. Roturer (n.) A roturier. Roturier (n.) A person who is not of noble birth; specif., a freeman who during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial land. Roty (v. t.) To make rotten. Rouble (n.) A coin. See Ruble. Rouche (n.) See Ruche. Roue (n.) One devoted to a life of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a rake. Rouet (n.) A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of firelocks for discharging them. Rouge (a.) red. Rouge (n.) A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric oxide. It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a cosmetic, etc. Called also crocus, jeweler's rouge, etc. Rouge (n.) A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the cheeks or lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, but it is often made from carmine. Rouged (imp. & p. p.) of Rouge Rouging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rouge Rouge (v. i.) To paint the face or cheeks with rouge. Rouge (v. t.) To tint with rouge; as, to rouge the face or the cheeks. Rougecroix (n.) One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms. Rouge dragon (n.) One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms. Rough (n.) Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth. Rough (n.) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road. Rough (n.) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond. Rough (n.) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of water. Rough (n.) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat. Rough (n.) Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish. Rough (n.) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper. Rough (n.) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or actions. Rough (n.) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers. Rough (n.) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine. Rough (n.) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day. Rough (n.) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught. Rough (n.) Produced offhand. Rough (n.) Boisterous weather. Rough (n.) A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy. Rough (adv.) In a rough manner; rudely; roughly. Rough (v. t.) To render rough; to roughen. Rough (v. t.) To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes. Rough (v. t.) To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough out a carving, a sketch. Roughcast (v. t.) To form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction, or polish. Roughcast (v. t.) To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with asperities and inequalities. Roughcast (v. t.) To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or pebbles; as, to roughcast a building. Roughcast (n.) A rude model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a thing. Roughcast (n.) A kind of plastering made of lime, with a mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings. Roughcaster (n.) One who roughcasts. Roughdraw (v. t.) To draw or delineate rapidly and by way of a first sketch. Roughdry (v. t.) in laundry work, to dry without smoothing or ironing. Roughened (imp. & p. p.) of Roughen Roughening (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roughen Roughen (v. t.) To make rough. Roughen (v. i.) To grow or become rough. Rough-footed (a.) Feather-footed; as, a rough-footed dove. Rough-grained (a.) Having a rough grain or fiber; hence, figuratively, having coarse traits of character; not polished; brisque. Roughhead (n.) The redfin. Roughhew (v. t.) To hew coarsely, without smoothing; as, to roughhew timber. Roughhew (v. t.) To give the first form or shape to; to form rudely; to shape approximately and rudely; to roughcast. Roughhewer (n.) One who roughhews. Roughhewn (a.) Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not polished. Roughhewn (a.) Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated; rough-grained. Roughing-in (n.) The first coat of plaster laid on brick; also, the process of applying it. Roughings (n. pl.) Rowen. Roughish (a.) Somewhat rough. Roughleg (n.) Any one of several species of large hawks of the genus Archibuteo, having the legs feathered to the toes. Called also rough-legged hawk, and rough-legged buzzard. Rough-legged (a.) Having the legs covered with feathers; -- said of a bird. Roughly (adv.) In a rough manner; unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely; austerely. Roughness (n.) The quality or state of being rough. Roughrider (n.) One who breaks horses; especially (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist the riding master. Roughscuff (n.) A rough, coarse fellow; collectively, the lowest class of the people; the rabble; the riffraff. Roughsetter (n.) A mason who builds rough stonework. Roughshod (a.) Shod with shoes armed with points or calks; as, a roughshod horse. Roughstrings (n. pl.) Pieces of undressed timber put under the steps of a wooden stair for their support. Rought () imp. of Reach. Rought () imp. of Reck, to care. Roughtail (n.) Any species of small ground snakes of the family Uropeltidae; -- so called from their rough tails. Roughwork (v. t.) To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness, or finish. Roughwrought (a.) Wrought in a rough, unfinished way; worked over coarsely. Rouk (v. i.) See 5th Ruck, and Roke. Roulade (n.) A smoothly running passage of short notes (as semiquavers, or sixteenths) uniformly grouped, sung upon one long syllable, as in Handel's oratorios. Rouleaux (pl. ) of Rouleau Rouleaus (pl. ) of Rouleau Rouleau (n.) A little roll; a roll of coins put up in paper, or something resembling such a roll. Roulette (n.) A game of chance, in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered red and black spaces, the one on which it stops indicating the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game. Roulette (n.) A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in order to order to produce rows of dots. Roulette (n.) A similar wheel used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in making alterations in a mezzotint. Roulette (n.) the curve traced by any point in the plane of a given curve when the latter rolls, without sliding, over another fixed curve. See Cycloid, and Epycycloid. Rouly-pouly (n.) See Rolly-pooly. Roun (v. i. & t.) Alt. of Rown Rown (v. i. & t.) To whisper. Rounce (n.) The handle by which the bed of a hand press, holding the form of type, etc., is run in under the platen and out again; -- sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by which the form is moved under the platen. Rounceval (a.) Large; strong; -- from the gigantic bones shown at Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes. Rounceval (n.) A giant; anything large; a kind of pea called also marrowfat. Rouncy (n.) A common hackney horse; a nag. Round (v. i. & t.) To whisper. Round (a.) Having every portion of the surface or of the circumference equally distant from the center; spherical; circular; having a form approaching a spherical or a circular shape; orbicular; globular; as, a round ball. Round (a.) Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical; as, the barrel of a musket is round. Round (a.) Having a curved outline or form; especially, one like the arc of a circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the surface of a sphere; rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or pointed; as, a round arch; round hills. Round (a.) Full; complete; not broken; not fractional; approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; -- said of numbers. Round (a.) Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous; free; as, a round price. Round (a.) Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a round note. Round (a.) Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, making the opening more or less round in shape; rounded; labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, / 11. Round (a.) Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved; unqualified; not mincing; as, a round answer; a round oath. Round (a.) Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or abrupt; finished; polished; -- said of style, or of authors with reference to their style. Round (a.) Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied to conduct. Round (n.) Anything round, as a circle, a globe, a ring. "The golden round" [the crown]. Round (n.) A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical revolution; as, the round of the seasons; a round of pleasures. Round (n.) A course of action or conduct performed by a number of persons in turn, or one after another, as if seated in a circle. Round (n.) A series of duties or tasks which must be performed in turn, and then repeated. Round (n.) A circular dance. Round (n.) That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a round of applause. Round (n.) Rotation, as in office; succession. Round (n.) The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a crosspiece which joins and braces the legs of a chair. Round (n.) A course ending where it began; a circuit; a beat; especially, one freguently or regulary traversed; also, the act of traversing a circuit; as, a watchman's round; the rounds of the postman. Round (n.) A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all things safe; also, the guard or officer, with his attendants, who performs this duty; -- usually in the plural. Round (n.) A general discharge of firearms by a body of troops in which each soldier fires once. Round (n.) Ammunition for discharging a piece or pieces once; as, twenty rounds of ammunition were given out. Round (n.) A short vocal piece, resembling a catch in which three or four voices follow each other round in a species of canon in the unison. Round (n.) The time during which prize fighters or boxers are in actual contest without an intermission, as prescribed by their rules; a bout. Round (n.) A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is concluded, the yeast escaping through the bunghole. Round (n.) A vessel filled, as for drinking. Round (n.) An assembly; a group; a circle; as, a round of politicians. Round (n.) See Roundtop. Round (n.) Same as Round of beef, below. Round (adv.) On all sides; around. Round (adv.) Circularly; in a circular form or manner; by revolving or reversing one's position; as, to turn one's head round; a wheel turns round. Round (adv.) In circumference; as, a ball is ten inches round. Round (adv.) From one side or party to another; as to come or turn round, -- that is, to change sides or opinions. Round (adv.) By or in a circuit; by a course longer than the direct course; back to the starting point. Round (adv.) Through a circle, as of friends or houses. Round (adv.) Roundly; fully; vigorously. Round (prep.) On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; around; about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city; to wind a cable round a windlass. Rounded (imp. & p. p.) of Round Rounding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Round Round (v. t.) To make circular, spherical, or cylindrical; to give a round or convex figure to; as, to round a silver coin; to round the edges of anything. Round (v. t.) To surround; to encircle; to encompass. Round (v. t.) To bring to fullness or completeness; to complete; hence, to bring to a fit conclusion. Round (v. t.) To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a corner or point); as, to round a corner; to round Cape Horn. Round (v. t.) To make full, smooth, and flowing; as, to round periods in writing. Round (v. i.) To grow round or full; hence, to attain to fullness, completeness, or perfection. Round (v. i.) To go round, as a guard. Round (v. i.) To go or turn round; to wheel about. Roundabout (a.) Circuitous; going round; indirect; as, roundabout speech. Roundabout (a.) Encircling; enveloping; comprehensive. Roundabout (n.) A horizontal wheel or frame, commonly with wooden horses, etc., on which children ride; a merry-go-round. Roundabout (n.) A dance performed in a circle. Roundabout (n.) A short, close jacket worn by boys, sailors, etc. Roundabout (n.) A state or scene of constant change, or of recurring labor and vicissitude. Roundaboutness (n.) The quality of being roundabout; circuitousness. Round-arm (a.) Applied to the method delivering the ball in bowling, by swinging the arm horizontally. Round-backed (a.) Having a round back or shoulders; round-shouldered. Rounded (a.) Modified by contraction of the lip opening; labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, / 11. Roundel (a.) A rondelay. Roundel (a.) Anything having a round form; a round figure; a circle. Roundel (a.) A small circular shield, sometimes not more than a foot in diameter, used by soldiers in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Roundel (a.) A circular spot; a sharge in the form of a small circle. Roundel (a.) A bastion of a circular form. Roundelay (n.) See Rondeau, and Rondel. Roundelay (n.) A tune in which a simple strain is often repeated; a simple rural strain which is short and lively. Roundelay (n.) A dance in a circle. Roundelay (n.) Anything having a round form; a roundel. Rounder (n.) One who rounds; one who comes about frequently or regularly. Rounder (n.) A tool for making an edge or surface round. Rounder (n.) An English game somewhat resembling baseball; also, another English game resembling the game of fives, but played with a football. Roundfish (n.) Any ordinary market fish, exclusive of flounders, sole, halibut, and other flatfishes. Roundfish (n.) A lake whitefish (Coregonus quadrilateralis), less compressed than the common species. It is very abundant in British America and Alaska. Roundhead (n.) A nickname for a Puritan. See Roundheads, the, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Roundheaded (a.) Having a round head or top. Roundhouse (n.) A constable's prison; a lockup, watch-house, or station house. Roundhouse (n.) A cabin or apartament on the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; -- sometimes called the coach. Roundhouse (n.) A privy near the bow of the vessel. Roundhouse (n.) A house for locomotive engines, built circularly around a turntable. Rounding (a.) Round or nearly round; becoming round; roundish. Rounding (n.) Small rope, or strands of rope, or spun yarn, wound round a rope to keep it from chafing; -- called also service. Rounding (n.) Modifying a speech sound by contraction of the lip opening; labializing; labialization. See Guide to Pronunciation, / 11. Roundish (a.) Somewhat round; as, a roundish seed; a roundish figure. Roundlet (n.) A little circle. Roundly (adv.) In a round form or manner. Roundly (adv.) Openly; boldly; peremptorily; plumply. Roundly (adv.) Briskly; with speed. Roundly (adv.) Completely; vigorously; in earnest. Roundly (adv.) Without regard to detail; in gross; comprehensively; generally; as, to give numbers roundly. Roundness (n.) The quality or state of being round in shape; as, the roundness of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, a column, etc. Roundness (n.) Fullness; smoothness of flow; as, the roundness of a period; the roundness of a note; roundness of tone. Roundness (n.) Openess; plainess; boldness; positiveness; as, the roundness of an assertion. Roundridge (v. t.) To form into round ridges by plowing. Round-shouldered (a.) Having the shoulders stooping or projecting; round-backed. Roundsmen (pl. ) of Roundsman Roundsman (n.) A patrolman; also, a policeman who acts as an inspector over the rounds of the patrolmen. Roundtop (n.) A top; a platform at a masthead; -- so called because formerly round in shape. Round-up (n.) The act of collecting or gathering together scattered cattle by riding around them and driving them in. Roundure (n.) Roundness; a round or circle. Roundworm (n.) A nematoid worm. Roundy (a.) Round. Roup (v. i. & t.) To cry or shout; hence, to sell by auction. Roup (n.) An outcry; hence, a sale of gods by auction. Roup (n.) A disease in poultry. See Pip. Rousant (a.) Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of rising; also, sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed. Rouse (v. i. & t.) To pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance of mechanical appliances. Rouse (n.) A bumper in honor of a toast or health. Rouse (n.) A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic. Roused (imp. & p. p.) of Rouse Rousing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rouse Rouse (v.) To cause to start from a covert or lurking place; as, to rouse a deer or other animal of the chase. Rouse (v.) To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or suddenly. Rouse (v.) To excite to lively thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to rouse the faculties, passions, or emotions. Rouse (v.) To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate. Rouse (v.) To raise; to make erect. Rouse (v. i.) To get or start up; to rise. Rouse (v. i.) To awake from sleep or repose. Rouse (v. i.) To be exited to thought or action from a state of indolence or inattention. Rouser (n.) One who, or that which, rouses. Rouser (n.) Something very exciting or great. Rouser (n.) A stirrer in a copper for boiling wort. Rousing (a.) Having power to awaken or excite; exciting. Rousing (a.) Very great; violent; astounding; as, a rousing fire; a rousing lie. Rousingly (adv.) In a rousing manner. Roussette (n.) A fruit bat, especially the large species (Pieropus vulgaris) inhabiting the islands of the Indian ocean. It measures about a yard across the expanded wings. Roussette (n.) Any small shark of the genus Scyllium; -- called also dogfish. See Dogfish. Roust (v. t.) To rouse; to disturb; as, to roust one out. Roust (n.) A strong tide or current, especially in a narrow channel. Roustabout (n.) A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives by chance jobs. Rout (v. i.) To roar; to bellow; to snort; to snore loudly. Rout (n.) A bellowing; a shouting; noise; clamor; uproar; disturbance; tumult. Rout (v. t.) To scoop out with a gouge or other tool; to furrow. Rout (v. i.) To search or root in the ground, as a swine. Rout (n.) A troop; a throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a traveling company or throng. Rout (n.) A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence, the rabble; the herd of common people. Rout (n.) The state of being disorganized and thrown into confusion; -- said especially of an army defeated, broken in pieces, and put to flight in disorder or panic; also, the act of defeating and breaking up an army; as, the rout of the enemy was complete. Rout (n.) A disturbance of the peace by persons assembled together with intent to do a thing which, if executed, would make them rioters, and actually making a motion toward the executing thereof. Rout (n.) A fashionable assembly, or large evening party. Routed (imp. & p. p.) of Rout Routing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rout Rout (v. t.) To break the ranks of, as troops, and put them to flight in disorder; to put to rout. Rout (v. i.) To assemble in a crowd, whether orderly or disorderly; to collect in company. Route (n.) The course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be passed; a passing; a course; a road or path; a march. Router (n.) A plane made like a spokeshave, for working the inside edges of circular sashes. Router (n.) A plane with a hooked tool protruding far below the sole, for smoothing the bottom of a cavity. Routhe (n.) Ruth; sorrow. Routinary (a.) Involving, or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; customary. Routine (n.) A round of business, amusement, or pleasure, daily or frequently pursued; especially, a course of business or offical duties regularly or frequently returning. Routine (n.) Any regular course of action or procedure rigidly adhered to by the mere force of habit. Routinism (n.) the practice of doing things with undiscriminating, mechanical regularity. Routinist (n.) One who habituated to a routine. Routish (a.) Uproarious; riotous. Routously (adv.) With that violation of law called a rout. See 5th Rout, 4. Roux (n.) A thickening, made of flour, for soups and gravies. Rove (v. t.) To draw through an eye or aperture. Rove (v. t.) To draw out into flakes; to card, as wool. Rove (v. t.) To twist slightly; to bring together, as slivers of wool or cotton, and twist slightly before spinning. Rove (n.) A copper washer upon which the end of a nail is clinched in boat building. Rove (n.) A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slighty twisted, preparatory to further process; a roving. Roved (imp. & p. p.) of Rove Roving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rove Rove (v. i.) To practice robbery on the seas; to wander about on the seas in piracy. Rove (v. i.) Hence, to wander; to ramble; to rauge; to go, move, or pass without certain direction in any manner, by sailing, walking, riding, flying, or otherwise. Rove (v. i.) To shoot at rovers; hence, to shoot at an angle of elevation, not at point-blank (rovers usually being beyond the point-blank range). Rove (v. t.) To wander over or through. Rove (v. t.) To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two furrows together. Rove (n.) The act of wandering; a ramble. Rover (v. i.) One who practices robbery on the seas; a pirate. Rover (v. i.) One who wanders about by sea or land; a wanderer; a rambler. Rover (v. i.) Hence, a fickle, inconstant person. Rover (v. i.) A ball which has passed through all the hoops and would go out if it hit the stake but is continued in play; also, the player of such a ball. Rover (v. i.) Casual marks at uncertain distances. Rover (v. i.) A sort of arrow. Roving (n.) The operatin of forming the rove, or slightly twisted sliver or roll of wool or cotton, by means of a machine for the purpose, called a roving frame, or roving machine. Roving (n.) A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slightly twisted; a rove. See 2d Rove, 2. Roving (n.) The act of one who roves or wanders. Rovingly (adv.) In a wandering manner. Rovingness (n.) The state of roving. Row (a. & adv.) Rough; stern; angry. Row (n.) A noisy, turbulent quarrel or disturbance; a brawl. Row (n.) A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as, a row of trees; a row of houses or columns. Rowed (imp. & p. p.) of Row Rowing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Row Row (v. t.) To propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along the surface of water; as, to row a boat. Row (v. t.) To transport in a boat propelled with oars; as, to row the captain ashore in his barge. Row (v. i.) To use the oar; as, to row well. Row (v. i.) To be moved by oars; as, the boat rows easily. Row (n.) The act of rowing; excursion in a rowboat. Rowable (a.) That may be rowed, or rowed upon. Rowan (n.) Rowan tree. Rowan tree () A european tree (Pyrus aucuparia) related to the apple, but with pinnate leaves and flat corymbs of small white flowers followed by little bright red berries. Called also roan tree, and mountain ash. The name is also applied to two American trees of similar habit (Pyrus Americana, and P. sambucifolia). Rowboat (n.) A boat designed to be propelled by oars instead of sails. Rowdies (pl. ) of Rowdy Rowdy (n.) One who engages in rows, or noisy quarrels; a ruffianly fellow. Rowdydow (n.) Hubbub; uproar. Rowdydowdy (a.) Uproarious. Rowdyish (a.) Resembling a rowdy in temper or conduct; characteristic of a rowdy. Rowdyism (n.) the conduct of a rowdy. Rowed (a.) Formed into a row, or rows; having a row, or rows; as, a twelve-rowed ear of corn. Rowel (n.) The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points. Rowel (n.) A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits. Rowel (n.) A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human surgery. Roweled (imp. & p. p.) of Rowel Rowelled () of Rowel Roweling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rowel Rowelling () of Rowel Rowel (v. t.) To insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a horse). Rowel bone () See rewel bone. Rowen (n.) A stubble field left unplowed till late in the autumn, that it may be cropped by cattle. Rowen (n.) The second growth of grass in a season; aftermath. Rower (n.) One who rows with an oar. Rowett (n.) See Rowen. Rowlock (n.) A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the oar. Rown (v. i. & t.) see Roun. Rowport (n.) An opening in the side of small vessels of war, near the surface of the water, to facilitate rowing in calm weather. Roxburgh (n.) A style of bookbinding in which the back is plain leather, the sides paper or cloth, the top gilt-edged, but the front and bottom left uncut. Roy (n.) A king. Roy (a.) Royal. Royal (a.) Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable for a king or queen; regal; as, royal power or prerogative; royal domains; the royal family; royal state. Royal (a.) Noble; generous; magnificent; princely. Royal (a.) Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted by the sovereign; as, the Royal Academy of Arts; the Royal Society. Royal (n.) Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See under paper, n. Royal (n.) A small sail immediately above the topgallant sail. Royal (n.) One of the upper or distal branches of an antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the antlers of a stag. Royal (n.) A small mortar. Royal (n.) One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot of the British army, formerly called the Royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe; -- now called the Royal Scots. Royal (n.) An old English coin. See Rial. Royalet (n.) A petty or powerless king. Royalism (n.) the principles or conduct of royalists. Royalist (n.) An adherent of a king (as of Charles I. in England, or of the Bourbons in france); one attached to monarchical government. Royalization (n.) The act of making loyal to a king. Royalize (v. t.) to make royal. Royally (adv.) In a royal or kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king. Royalties (pl. ) of Royalty Royalty (n.) The state of being royal; the condition or quality of a royal person; kingship; kingly office; sovereignty. Royalty (n.) The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the presence of royalty. Royalty (n.) An emblem of royalty; -- usually in the plural, meaning regalia. Royalty (n.) Kingliness; spirit of regal authority. Royalty (n.) Domain; province; sphere. Royalty (n.) That which is due to a sovereign, as a seigniorage on gold and silver coined at the mint, metals taken from mines, etc.; the tax exacted in lieu of such share; imperiality. Royalty (n.) A share of the product or profit (as of a mine, forest, etc.), reserved by the owner for permitting another to use the property. Royalty (n.) Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner of a patent or a copyright at a certain rate for each article manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the owner of an article by one who hires the use of it. Royne (v. t.) To bite; to gnaw. Roynish (a.) Mangy; scabby; hence, mean; paltry; troublesome. Royster (n.) Alt. of Roysterer Roysterer (n.) same as Roister, Roisterer. Royston crow () See Hooded crow, under Hooded. Roytelet (n.) A little king. Roytish (a.) Wild; irregular. Rubbed (imp. & p. p.) of Rub Rubbing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rub Rub (v. t.) To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper. Rub (v. t.) To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground. Rub (v. t.) To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body. Rub (v. t.) To spread a substance thinly over; to smear. Rub (v. t.) To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; -- often with up or over; as, to rub up silver. Rub (v. t.) To hinder; to cross; to thwart. Rub (v. i.) To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost. Rub (v. i.) To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore. Rub (v. i.) To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world. Rub (n.) The act of rubbing; friction. Rub (n.) That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch. Rub (n.) Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; unevenness. Rub (n.) Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub. Rub (n.) Imperfection; failing; fault. Rub (n.) A chance. Rub (n.) A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; -- called also rubstone. Ruba-dub (n.) The sound of a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a clamorous, repeated sound; a clatter. Rubato (a.) Robbed; borrowed. Rubbage (n.) Rubbish. Rubber (n.) One who, or that which, rubs. Rubber (n.) An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning. Rubber (n.) A coarse file, or the rough part of a file. Rubber (n.) A whetstone; a rubstone. Rubber (n.) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc. Rubber (n.) The cushion of an electrical machine. Rubber (n.) One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish bath. Rubber (n.) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. Rubber (n.) In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the fifth, when there is a tie between the players; as, to play the rubber; also, a contest determined by the winning of two out of three games; as, to play a rubber of whist. Rubber (n.) India rubber; caoutchouc. Rubber (n.) An overshoe made of India rubber. Rubbidge (n.) Rubbish. Rubbing () a. & n. from Rub, v. Rubbish (n.) Waste or rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff; trash; especially, fragments of building materials or fallen buildings; ruins; debris. Rubbish (a.) Of or pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish; trashy. Rubble (n.) Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls. Rubble (n.) Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone; brash. Rubble (n.) A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under the alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock. Rubble (n.) The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc. Rubblestone (n.) See Rubble, 1 and 2. Rubblework (n.) Masonry constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in size and shape. Rubbly (a.) Relating to, or containing, rubble. Rubedinous (a.) Reddish. Rubefacient (a.) Making red. Rubefacient (n.) An external application which produces redness of the skin. Rubefaction (n.) The act or process of making red. Rubelet (n.) A little ruby. Rubella (n.) An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; -- called also German measles. Rubelle (n.) A red color used in enameling. Rubellite (n.) A variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to a deep ruby, and containing lithium. Rubeola (n.) the measles. Rubeola (n.) Rubella. Ruberythrinic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which alizarin is obtained. Rubescence (n.) The quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush. Rubescent (a.) Growing or becoming red; tending to redness. Rubiaceous (a.) Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of plants (Rubiaceae) named after the madder (Rubia tinctoria), and including about three hundred and seventy genera and over four thousand species. Among them are the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine, the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible fruits called genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants noted for the beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms. Rubiacin (n.) A substance found in madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid. Rubian (n.) One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder root. Rubianic (a.) pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; specifically, designating an acid called also ruberythrinic acid. Ru bible (n.) A ribble. Rubican (a.) Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of white or gray especially on the flanks; -- said of horses. Rubicelle (n.) A variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil. Rubicon (n.) A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Caesar. Rubicund (a.) Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. Rubicundity (n.) The quality or state of being rubicund; ruddiness. Rubidic (a.) Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium. Rubidine (n.) A nitrogenous base homologous with pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C11H17N; also, any one of the group od metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type. Rubidium (n.) A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2. Rubific (a.) Making red; as, rubific rays. Rubification (n.) The act of making red. Rubiform (a.) Having the nature or quality of red; as, the rubiform rays of the sun. Rubify (v. t.) To redden. Rubiginose (a.) Alt. of Rubiginous Rubiginous (a.) Having the appearance or color of iron rust; rusty-looking. Rubigo (n.) same as Rust, n., 2. Rubin (n.) A ruby. Rubious (a.) Red; ruddy. Rubiretin (n.) One of the red dye products extracted from madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid. Ruble (n.) The unit of monetary value in Russia. It is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. Rubric (n.) That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions. Rubric (n.) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when printed in red. Rubric (n.) The title of a statute; -- so called as being anciently written in red letters. Rubric (n.) The directions and rules for the conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; -- usually in the plural. Rubric (n.) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed. Rubric (v. t.) To adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. Rubric (a.) Alt. of Rubrical Rubrical (a.) Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics. Rubrical (a.) Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. Rubricate (n.) Marked with red. Rubricate (v. t.) To mark or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric; to establish in a settled and unchangeable form. Rubrician (n.) Alt. of Rubricist Rubricist (n.) One skilled in, or tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or rubrics. Rubricity (n.) Redness. Rubstone (n.) A stone for scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub. Rubus (n.) A genus of rosaceous plants, including the raspberry and blackberry. Rubies (pl. ) of Ruby Ruby (n.) A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of corundum. Ruby (n.) The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint. Ruby (n.) That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle. Ruby (n.) See Agate, n., 2. Ruby (n.) Any species of South American humming birds of the genus Clytolaema. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast. Ruby (a.) Ruby-colored; red; as, ruby lips. Rubied (imp. & p. p.) of Ruby Rubying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruby Ruby (v. t.) To make red; to redden. Rubytail (n.) A European gold wasp (Chrysis ignita) which has the under side of the abdomen bright red, and the other parts deep bluish green with a metallic luster. The larva is parasitic in the nests of other wasps and of bees. Ruby-tailed (a.) Having the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red. Rubythroat (n.) Any one of numerous species of humming birds belonging to Trochilus, Calypte, Stellula, and allies, in which the male has on the throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having metallic reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern United States (Trochilus colubris). Rubywood (n.) red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood. Rucervine (a.) Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rucervus, which includes the swamp deer of India. Ruche (n.) A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or other material, -- used in place of collars or cuffs, and as a trimming for women's dresses and bonnets. Ruche (n.) A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster spawn. Ruching (n.) A ruche, or ruches collectively. Ruck (n.) A roc. Rucked (imp. & p. p.) of Ruck Rucking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruck Ruck (v. t. & i.) To draw into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to ruck up a carpet. Ruck (v. t.) A wrinkle or crease in a piece of cloth, or in needlework. Ruck (v. i.) To cower; to huddle together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs. Ruck (n.) A heap; a rick. Ruck (n.) The common sort, whether persons or things; as, the ruck in a horse race. Ructation (n.) The act of belching wind. Ruction (n.) An uproar; a quarrel; a noisy outbreak. Rud (n.) Redness; blush. Rud (n.) Ruddle; red ocher. Rud (n.) The rudd. Rud (v. t.) To make red. Rudd (n.) A fresh-water European fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and shape of the roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body, and red irises. Called also redeye, roud, finscale, and shallow. A blue variety is called azurine, or blue roach. Rudder (n.) A riddle or sieve. Rudder (n.) The mechanical appliance by means of which a vessel is guided or steered when in motion. It is a broad and flat blade made of wood or iron, with a long shank, and is fastened in an upright position, usually by one edge, to the sternpost of the vessel in such a way that it can be turned from side to side in the water by means of a tiller, wheel, or other attachment. Rudder (n.) Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide or governor; that which guides or governs the course. Rudderhead (n.) The upper end of the rudderpost, to which the tiller is attached. Rudderhole (n.) The hole in the deck through which the rudderpost passes. Rudderless (a.) Without a rudder. Rudderpost (n.) The shank of a rudder, having the blade at one end and the attachments for operating it at the other. Rudderstock (n.) The main part or blade of the rudder, which is connected by hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of a vessel. Ruddied (a.) Made ruddy or red. Ruddily (adv.) In a ruddy manner. Ruddiness (n.) The quality or state of being ruddy; as, the ruddiness of the cheeks or the sky. Ruddle (v. t.) To raddle or twist. Ruddle (n.) A riddle or sieve. Ruddle (n.) A species of red earth colored by iron sesquioxide; red ocher. Ruddle (v. t.) To mark with ruddle; to raddle; to rouge. Ruddock (n.) The European robin. Ruddock (n.) A piece of gold money; -- probably because the gold of coins was often reddened by copper alloy. Called also red ruddock, and golden ruddock. Ruddy (n.) Of a red color; red, or reddish; as, a ruddy sky; a ruddy flame. Ruddy (n.) Of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in high health; as, ruddy cheeks or lips. Ruddy (v. t.) To make ruddy. Rude (superl.) Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement; coarse. Rude (superl.) Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or polished; -- said especially of material things; as, rude workmanship. Rude (superl.) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank; uncivil; clownish; ignorant; raw; unskillful; -- said of persons, or of conduct, skill, and the like. Rude (superl.) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement; harsh; severe; -- said of the weather, of storms, and the like; as, the rude winter. Rude (superl.) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; -- said of war, conflict, and the like; as, the rude shock of armies. Rude (superl.) Not finished or complete; inelegant; lacking chasteness or elegance; not in good taste; unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; -- said of literature, language, style, and the like. Rudenture (n.) Cabling. See Cabling. Ruderary (a.) Of or pertaining to rubbish.. Rudesby (n.) An uncivil, turbulent fellow. Rudesheimer (n.) A German wine made near Rudesheim, on the Rhine. Rudiment (n.) That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning. Rudiment (n.) Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step. Rudiment (n.) An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed. Rudiment (v. t.) To furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments. Rudimental (a.) Rudimentary. Rudimentary (a.) Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary; initial; as, rudimental essays. Rudimentary (a.) Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of development; embryonic. Rudish (a.) Somewhat rude. Rudistes (n. pl.) An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks characteristic of the Cretaceous period; -- called also Rudista. See Illust. under Hippurite. Rudity (n.) Rudeness; ignorance. Rudmasday (n.) Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 and September 14, annually. Rudolphine (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; -- so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany. Rue (n.) A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine. Rue (n.) Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret. Rued (imp. & p. p.) of Rue Ruing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rue Rue (v. t.) To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over. Rue (v. t.) To cause to grieve; to afflict. Rue (v. t.) To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released from. Rue (v. i.) To have compassion. Rue (v. i.) To feel sorrow and regret; to repent. Rue (v. t.) Sorrow; repetance. Rueful (a.) Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; sorrowful. Rueful (a.) Expressing sorrow. Ruell bone () See rewel bone. Ruelle (n.) A private circle or assembly at a private house; a circle. Rufescent (a.) Reddish; tinged with red. Ruff (n.) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it. Ruff (n.) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit led. Ruff (v. i. & t.) To trump. Ruff (n.) A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children. Ruff (n.) Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this name. Ruff (n.) An exhibition of pride or haughtiness. Ruff (n.) Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. Ruff (n.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle. Ruff (n.) A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion. See Illust. of Collar. Ruff (n.) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird. Ruff (n.) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, / Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve. Ruff (n.) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck. Ruffed (imp. & p. p.) of Ruff Ruffing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruff Ruff (v. t.) To ruffle; to disorder. Ruff (v. t.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum. Ruff (v. t.) To hit, as the prey, without fixing it. Ruff (n.) Alt. of Ruffe Ruffe (n.) A small freshwater European perch (Acerina vulgaris); -- called also pope, blacktail, and stone, / striped, perch. Ruffed (a.) Furnished with a ruff. Ruffian (n.) A pimp; a pander; also, a paramour. Ruffian (n.) A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat. Ruffian (a.) brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian rage. Ruffian (v. i.) To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. Ruffianage (n.) Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. Ruffianish (a.) Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; ruffianly. Ruffianlike (a.) Ruffianly. Ruffianly (a.) Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a ruffian; violent; brutal. Ruffianous (a.) Ruffianly. Ruffin (a.) Disordered. Ruffled (imp. & p. p.) of Ruffle Ruffling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruffle Ruffle (v. t.) To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle. Ruffle (v. t.) To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt. Ruffle (v. t.) To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation or commotion. Ruffle (v. t.) To erect in a ruff, as feathers. Ruffle (v. t.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum. Ruffle (v. t.) To discompose; to agitate; to disturb. Ruffle (v. t.) To throw into disorder or confusion. Ruffle (v. t.) To throw together in a disorderly manner. Ruffle (v. i.) To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. Ruffle (v. i.) To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter. Ruffle (v. i.) To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger. Ruffle (v. t. & i.) That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill. Ruffle (v. t. & i.) A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle. Ruffle (v. t. & i.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; -- called also ruff. Ruffle (v. t. & i.) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of any one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur. See Ootheca. Ruffleless (a.) Having no ruffle. Rufflement (n.) The act of ruffling. Ruffler (n.) One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian. Ruffler (n.) That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine attachment for making ruffles. Rufigallic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene. Rufiopin (n.) A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid. Rufol (n.) A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone. Rufous (a.) Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red color; tawny. Ruft (n.) Eructation; belching. Rufterhood (n.) A kind of hood for a hawk. Rug (a.) A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments. Rug (a.) A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, -- used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a potiere, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc. Rug (a.) A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. Rug (v. t.) To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear. Rugae (pl. ) of Ruga Ruga (n.) A wrinkle; a fold; as, the rugae of the stomach. Rugate (a.) Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. Rugged (n.) Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road. Rugged (n.) Not neat or regular; uneven. Rugged (n.) Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. Rugged (n.) Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of temper, character, and the like, or of persons. Rugged (n.) Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Rugged (n.) Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, style, and the like. Rugged (n.) Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of looks, etc. Rugged (n.) Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct, manners, etc. Rugged (n.) Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health, physique, etc. Rugging (n.) A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing, etc. Rug-gowned (a.) Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug. Ruggy (a.) Rugged; rough. Rug-headed (a.) Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. Rugin (n.) A nappy cloth. Rugine (n.) An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a raspatory. Rugine (v. t.) To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. Rugosa (n. pl.) An extinct tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them of large size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in multiples of four. See Cyathophylloid. Rugose (a.) Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.), having the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of the sage and horehound. Rugosity (n.) The quality or state of being rugose. Rugous (a.) Wrinkled; rugose. Rugulose (a.) Somewhat rugose. Ruhmkorff's coil () See Induction coil, under Induction. Ruin (n.) The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. Ruin (n.) Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or hopes. Ruin (n.) That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like. Ruin (n.) The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin. Ruin (n.) That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction. Ruined (imp. & p. p.) of Ruin Ruining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruin Ruin (n.) To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow. Ruin (v. i.) To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish. Ruinable (a.) Capable of being ruined. Ruinate (v. t.) To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin. Ruinate (v. t.) To cause to fall; to cast down. Ruinate (v. i.) To fall; to tumble. Ruinate (a.) Involved in ruin; ruined. Ruination (n.) The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined. Ruiner (n.) One who, or that which, ruins. Ruiniform (a.) Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; -- said of certain minerals. Ruinous (a.) Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a ruinous project. Ruinous (a.) Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous state. Ruinous (a.) Composed of, or consisting in, ruins. Rukh (n.) The roc. Rukh (n.) A large bird, supposed by some to be the same as the extinct Epiornis of Madagascar. Rulable (a.) That may be ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable to rule. Rule (a.) That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various societies; the rules governing a school; a rule of etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket. Rule (a.) Uniform or established course of things. Rule (a.) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise at six o'clock. Rule (a.) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or condition of things; as, it is a rule to which there are many exeptions. Rule (a.) Conduct in general; behavior. Rule (a.) The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; authority; control. Rule (a.) An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an action or a suit. Rule (a.) A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result; as, a rule for extracting the cube root. Rule (a.) A general principle concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that s or es , added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but "man" forms its plural "men", and is an exception to the rule. Rule (a.) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler. Rule (a.) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and jointed so that it may be folded compactly. Rule (a.) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in tabular work. Rule (a.) A composing rule. See under Conposing. Ruled (imp. & p. p.) of Rule Ruling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rule Rule (n.) To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage. Rule (n.) To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to guide; -- used chiefly in the passive. Rule (n.) To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice. Rule (n.) To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order of court. Rule (n.) To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result; as, to rule a sheet of paper of a blank book. Rule (v. i.) To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; -- often followed by over. Rule (v. i.) To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a rule. Rule (v. i.) To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday than the day before. Ruleless (a.) Destitute of rule; lawless. Rule-monger (n.) A stickler for rules; a slave of rules Ruler (n.) One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor. Ruler (n.) A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, n., 7 (a). Ruling (a.) Predominant; chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling passion; a ruling sovereign. Ruling (a.) Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a ruling machine or pen. Ruling (n.) The act of one who rules; ruled lines. Ruling (n.) A decision or rule of a judge or a court, especially an oral decision, as in excluding evidence. Rulingly (adv.) In a ruling manner; so as to rule. Rullichies (n. pl.) Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices and fried. Ruly (a.) Orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed to unruly. Rum (n.) A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or from the scummings of the boiled juice, or from treacle or molasses, or from the lees of former distillations. Also, sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective name for intoxicating liquor. Rum (a.) Old-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow. Rum (n.) A queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. Rumble (v. i.) To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as, the thunder rumbles at a distance. Rumble (v. i.) To murmur; to ripple. Rumble (n.) A noisy report; rumor. Rumble (n.) A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise; as, the rumble of a railroad train. Rumble (n.) A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage. Rumble (n.) A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or polished by friction against each other. Rumble (v. t.) To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. See Rumble, n., 4. Rumbler (n.) One who, or that which, rumbles. Rumbling () a. & n. from Rumble, v. i. Rumblingly (adv.) In a rumbling manner. Rumbo (n.) Grog. Rumbowline (n.) Same as Rombowline. Rumen (n.) The first stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See Illust. below. Rumen (n.) The cud of a ruminant. Rumicin (n.) A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow dock (Rumex crispus) and identical with chrysophanic acid. Ruminal (a.) Ruminant; ruminating. Ruminant (a.) Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia. Ruminant (n.) A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia. Ruminantia (n. pl.) A division of Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division includes the camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and allies. Ruminantly (adv.) In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud. Ruminated (imp. & p. p.) of Ruminate Ruminating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruminate Ruminate (v. i.) To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed. Ruminate (v. i.) To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to reflect. Ruminate (v. t.) To chew over again. Ruminate (v. t.) To meditate or ponder over; to muse on. Ruminate (a.) Alt. of Ruminated Ruminated (a.) Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American papaw. Rumination (n.) The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the cud. Rumination (n.) The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection. Rumination (n.) The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has been swallowed, -- occasionally observed as a morbid phenomenon in man. Ruminative (a.) Inclined to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation. Ruminator (n.) One who ruminates or muses; a meditator. Rumkin (n.) A popular or jocular name for a drinking vessel. Rummage (n.) A place or room for the stowage of cargo in a ship; also, the act of stowing cargo; the pulling and moving about of packages incident to close stowage; -- formerly written romage. Rummage (n.) A searching carefully by looking into every corner, and by turning things over. Rummaged (imp. & p. p.) of Rummage Rummaging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rummage Rummage (v. t.) To make room in, as a ship, for the cargo; to move about, as packages, ballast, so as to permit close stowage; to stow closely; to pack; -- formerly written roomage, and romage. Rummage (v. t.) To search or examine thoroughly by looking into every corner, and turning over or removing goods or other things; to examine, as a book, carefully, turning over leaf after leaf. Rummage (v. i.) To search a place narrowly. Rummager (n.) One who rummages. Rummager (n.) A person on shipboard whose business was to take charge of stowing the cargo; -- formerly written roomager, and romager. Rummer (n.) A large and tall glass, or drinking cup. Rummy (a.) Of or pertaining to rum; characteristic of rum; as a rummy flavor. Rummies (pl. ) of Rummy Rummy (n.) One who drinks rum; an habitually intemperate person. Rummy (a.) Strange; odd. Rumney (n.) A sort of Spanish wine. Rumor (n.) A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety. Rumor (n.) A current story passing from one person to another, without any known authority for its truth; -- in this sense often personified. Rumor (n.) A prolonged, indistinct noise. Rumored (imp. & p. p.) of Rumor Rumoring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rumor Rumor (v. t.) To report by rumor; to tell. Rumorer (n.) A teller of news; especially, one who spreads false reports. Rumorous (a.) Of or pertaining to a rumor; of the nature of rumors. Rumorous (a.) Famous; notorious. Rumorous (a.) Murmuring. Rump (n.) The end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent; the buttock or buttocks. Rump (n.) Among butchers, the piece of beef between the sirloin and the aitchbone piece. See Illust. of Beef. Rump (n.) The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant. Rumper (n.) A member or a supporter of the Rump Parliament. Rump-fed (a.) A Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps "fattened in the rump, pampered." Rumpled (imp. & p. p.) of Rumple Rumpling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rumple Rumple (v. t. & i.) To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat. Rumple (n.) A fold or plait; a wrinkle. Rumpled (a.) Wrinkled; crumpled. Rumpless (a.) Destitute of a rump. Rumply (a.) Rumpled. Rumpus (n.) A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. Rumseller (n.) One who sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors; especially, one who sells spirituous beverages at retail. Ran (imp.) of Run Run () of Run Run (p. p.) of Run Running (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Run Run (a.) To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Run (a.) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten. Run (a.) To flee, as from fear or danger. Run (a.) To steal off; to depart secretly. Run (a.) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress. Run (a.) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt. Run (a.) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle. Run (a.) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another. Run (a.) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with on. Run (a.) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; -- with on. Run (a.) To creep, as serpents. Run (a.) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. Run (a.) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread. Run (a.) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse. Run (a.) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round. Run (a.) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago. Run (a.) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not to the contrary. Run (a.) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station. Run (a.) To make progress; to proceed; to pass. Run (a.) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week. Run (a.) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west. Run (a.) To be in form thus, as a combination of words. Run (a.) To be popularly known; to be generally received. Run (a.) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly. Run (a.) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. Run (a.) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing. Run (a.) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain covenants run with the land. Run (a.) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has thirty days to run. Run (a.) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs. Run (a.) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the piece ran for six months. Run (a.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels. Run (a.) Specifically, of a horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Run (a.) To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic competition. Run (v. t.) To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block. Run (v. i.) To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. Run (v. i.) To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot. Run (v. i.) To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. Run (v. i.) To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like. Run (v. i.) To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line. Run (v. i.) To cause to pass, or evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods. Run (v. i.) To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career. Run (v. i.) To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress. Run (v. i.) To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chances, below. Run (v. i.) To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. Run (v. i.) To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water. Run (v. i.) To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood. Run (v. i.) To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel. Run (v. i.) To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. Run (v. i.) To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time. Run (v. i.) To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn. Run (n.) The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run. Run (n.) A small stream; a brook; a creek. Run (n.) That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard. Run (n.) A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck. Run (n.) State of being current; currency; popularity. Run (n.) Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as, to have a run of a hundred successive nights. Run (n.) A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes. Run (n.) A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run. Run (n.) The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under the quarter. Run (n.) The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty miles. Run (n.) A voyage; as, a run to China. Run (n.) A pleasure excursion; a trip. Run (n.) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes. Run (n.) A roulade, or series of running tones. Run (n.) The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed. Run (n.) The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; -- said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning. Run (n.) In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went out with two hundred runs. Run (n.) A pair or set of millstones. Run (a.) Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as, run butter; run iron or lead. Run (a.) Smuggled; as, run goods. Runagate (n.) A fugitive; a vagabond; an apostate; a renegade. See Renegade. Runaway (n.) One who, or that which, flees from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; a fugitive. Runaway (n.) The act of running away, esp. of a horse or teams; as, there was a runaway yesterday. Runaway (a.) Running away; fleeing from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; as, runaway soldiers; a runaway horse. Runaway (a.) Accomplished by running away or elopement, or during flight; as, a runaway marriage. Runaway (a.) Won by a long lead; as, a runaway victory. Runaway (a.) Very successful; accomplishing success quickly; as, a runaway bestseller. Runcation (n.) A weeding. Runch (n.) The wild radish. Runcinate (a.) Pinnately cut with the lobes pointing downwards, as the leaf of the dandelion. Rundel (n.) A moat with water in it; also, a small stream; a runlet. Rundel (n.) A circle. Rundle (n.) A round; a step of a ladder; a rung. Rundle (n.) A ball. Rundle (n.) Something which rotates about an axis, as a wheel, or the drum of a capstan. Rundle (n.) One of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel. Rundlet (n.) A small barrel of no certain dimensions. It may contain from 3 to 20 gallons, but it usually holds about 14/ gallons. Rune (n.) A letter, or character, belonging to the written language of the ancient Norsemen, or Scandinavians; in a wider sense, applied to the letters of the ancient nations of Northern Europe in general. Rune (n.) Old Norse poetry expressed in runes. Runer (n.) A bard, or learned man, among the ancient Goths. Rung () imp. & p. p. of Ring. Rung (n.) A floor timber in a ship. Rung (n.) One of the rounds of a ladder. Rung (n.) One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy staff. Rung (n.) One of the radial handles projecting from the rim of a steering wheel; also, one of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel. Runghead (n.) The upper end of a floor timber in a ship. Runic (a.) Of or pertaining to a rune, to runes, or to the Norsemen; as, runic verses; runic letters; runic names; runic rhyme. Runlet (n.) A little run or stream; a streamlet; a brook. Runlet (n.) Same as Rundlet. Runnel (n.) A rivulet or small brook. Runner (n.) One who, or that which, runs; a racer. Runner (n.) A detective. Runner (n.) A messenger. Runner (n.) A smuggler. Runner (n.) One employed to solicit patronage, as for a steamboat, hotel, shop, etc. Runner (n.) A slender trailing branch which takes root at the joints or end and there forms new plants, as in the strawberry and the common cinquefoil. Runner (n.) The rotating stone of a set of millstones. Runner (n.) A rope rove through a block and used to increase the mechanical power of a tackle. Runner (n.) One of the pieces on which a sled or sleigh slides; also the part or blade of a skate which slides on the ice. Runner (n.) A horizontal channel in a mold, through which the metal flows to the cavity formed by the pattern; also, the waste metal left in such a channel. Runner (n.) A trough or channel for leading molten metal from a furnace to a ladle, mold, or pig bed. Runner (n.) The movable piece to which the ribs of an umbrella are attached. Runner (n.) A food fish (Elagatis pinnulatus) of Florida and the West Indies; -- called also skipjack, shoemaker, and yellowtail. The name alludes to its rapid successive leaps from the water. Runner (n.) Any cursorial bird. Runner (n.) A movable slab or rubber used in grinding or polishing a surface of stone. Runner (n.) A tool on which lenses are fastened in a group, for polishing or grinding. Runnet (n.) See Rennet. Running (a.) Moving or advancing by running. Running (a.) Having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer. Running (a.) trained and kept for running races; as, a running horse. Running (a.) Successive; one following the other without break or intervention; -- said of periods of time; as, to be away two days running; to sow land two years running. Running (a.) Flowing; easy; cursive; as, a running hand. Running (a.) Continuous; keeping along step by step; as, he stated the facts with a running explanation. Running (a.) Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem; as, a running vine. Running (a.) Discharging pus; as, a running sore. Running (n.) The act of one who, or of that which runs; as, the running was slow. Running (n.) That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which flows in a certain time or during a certain operation; as, the first running of a still. Running (n.) The discharge from an ulcer or other sore. Runningly (adv.) In a running manner. Runnion (n.) See Ronion. Runology (n.) The science of runes. Runround (n.) A felon or whitlow. Runt (a.) Any animal which is unusually small, as compared with others of its kind; -- applied particularly to domestic animals. Runt (a.) A variety of domestic pigeon, related to the barb and carrier. Runt (a.) A dwarf; also, a mean, despicable, boorish person; -- used opprobriously. Runt (a.) The dead stump of a tree; also, the stem of a plant. Runty (a.) Like a runt; diminutive; mean. Runway (n.) The channel of a stream. Runway (n.) The beaten path made by deer or other animals in passing to and from their feeding grounds. Rupee (n.) A silver coin, and money of account, in the East Indies. Rupellary (n.) Rocky. Rupert's drop () A kind of glass drop with a long tail, made by dropping melted glass into water. It is remarkable for bursting into fragments when the surface is scratched or the tail broken; -- so called from Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I., by whom they were first brought to England. Called also Rupert's ball, and glass tear. Rupia (n.) An eruption upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with inflamed base and filled with serous, purulent, or bloody fluid, which dries up, forming a blackish crust. Rupial (a.) Of or pertaining to rupia. Rupicola (n.) A genus of beautiful South American passerine birds, including the cock of the rock. Rupicoline (a.) Rock-inhabiting. Ruption (n.) A breaking or bursting open; breach; rupture. Ruptuary (n.) One not of noble blood; a plebeian; a roturier. Rupture (n.) The act of breaking apart, or separating; the state of being broken asunder; as, the rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or fiber; the rupture of a lutestring. Rupture (n.) Breach of peace or concord between individuals; open hostility or war between nations; interruption of friendly relations; as, the parties came to a rupture. Rupture (n.) Hernia. See Hernia. Rupture (n.) A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less sudden manner than by explosion. See Explosion. Ruptured (imp. & p. p.) of Rupture Rupturing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rupture Rupture (v. t.) To part by violence; to break; to burst; as, to rupture a blood vessel. Rupture (v. t.) To produce a hernia in. Rupture (v. i.) To suffer a breach or disruption. Ruptured (a.) Having a rupture, or hernia. Rupturewort (n.) Same as Burstwort. Rupturewort (n.) A West Indian plant (Alternanthera polygonoides) somewhat resembling burstwort. Rural (a.) Of or pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a city or town; living in the country; suitable for, or resembling, the country; rustic; as, rural scenes; a rural prospect. Rural (a.) Of or pertaining to agriculture; as, rural economy. Rurales (n. pl.) The gossamer-winged butterflies; a family of small butterflies, including the hairstreaks, violets, and theclas. Ruralism (n.) The quality or state of being rural; ruralness. Ruralism (n.) A rural idiom or expression. Ruralist (n.) One who leads a rural life. ties (pl. ) of Rurality Rurality (n.) The quality or state of being rural. Rurality (n.) A rural place. Ruralized (imp. & p. p.) of Ruralize Ruralizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruralize Ruralize (v. t.) To render rural; to give a rural appearance to. Ruralize (v. i.) To become rural; to go into the country; to rusticate. Rurally (adv.) In a rural manner; as in the country. Ruralness (n.) The quality or state of being rural. Ruricolist (n.) An inhabitant of the country. Ruridecanal (a.) Of or pertaining to a rural dean; as, a ruridecanal district; the ruridecanal intellect. Rurigenous (a.) Born in the country. Ruse (n.) An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraud; deceit. Rush (n.) A name given to many aquatic or marsh-growing endogenous plants with soft, slender stems, as the species of Juncus and Scirpus. Rush (n.) The merest trifle; a straw. Rushed (imp. & p. p.) of Rush Rushing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rush Rush (v. i.) To move forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous rapidity or haste; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice. Rush (v. i.) To enter into something with undue haste and eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush business or speculation. Rush (v. t.) To push or urge forward with impetuosity or violence; to hurry forward. Rush (v. t.) To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an error. Rush (n.) A moving forward with rapidity and force or eagerness; a violent motion or course; as, a rush of troops; a rush of winds; a rush of water. Rush (n.) Great activity with pressure; as, a rush of business. Rush (n.) A perfect recitation. Rush (n.) A rusher; as, the center rush, whose place is in the center of the rush line; the end rush. Rush (n.) The act of running with the ball. Rush-bearing (n.) A kind of rural festival at the dedication of a church, when the parishioners brought rushes to strew the church. Rushbuckler (n.) A bullying and violent person; a braggart; a swashbuckler. Rushed (a.) Abounding or covered with rushes. Rusher (n.) One who rushes. Rusher (n.) One who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. Rushiness (n.) The quality or state of abounding with rushes. Rushingly (adv.) In a rushing manner. Rushlight (n.) A rush candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble light. Rushlike (a.) Resembling a rush; weak. Rushy (a.) Abounding with rushes. Rushy (a.) Made of rushes. Rusine (a.) Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rusa, which includes the sambur deer (Rusa Aristotelis) of India. Rusk (n.) A kind of light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often toasted or crisped in an oven; or, a kind of sweetened biscuit. Rusk (n.) A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores. Rusk (n.) Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar. Rusma (n.) A depilatory made of orpiment and quicklime, and used by the Turks. See Rhusma. Russ (n. sing. & pl.) A Russian, or the Russians. Russ (n. sing. & pl.) The language of the Russians. Russ (a.) Of or pertaining to the Russians. Russet (a.) Of a reddish brown color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions, namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of a yellowish brown color. Russet (a.) Coarse; homespun; rustic. Russet (n.) A russet color; a pigment of a russet color. Russet (n.) Cloth or clothing of a russet color. Russet (n.) A country dress; -- so called because often of a russet color. Russet (n.) An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as, the English russet, and the Roxbury russet. Russeting (n.) See Russet, n., 2 and 4. Russety (a.) Of a russet color; russet. Russia (n.) A country of Europe and Asia. Russian (a.) Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language. Russian (n.) A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia. Russianize (v. t.) To make Russian, or more or less like the Russians; as, to Russianize the Poles. Russification (n.) The act or process of Russifying, or the state of being Russified. Russify (v. t.) To Russianize; as, to Russify conquered tribes. Russophile (n.) Alt. of Russophilist Russophilist (n.) One who, not being a Russian, favors Russian policy and aggrandizement. Russophobe () Alt. of Russophobist Russophobist () One who dreads Russia or Russian influence. Russophobia (n.) Morbid dread of Russia or of Russian influence. Rust (n.) The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any metallic film of corrosion. Rust (n.) A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty spots on the leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses (Trichobasis Rubigo-vera), now usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew (Puccinia graminis). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores; as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish. Rust (n.) That which resembles rust in appearance or effects. Rust (n.) A composition used in making a rust joint. See Rust joint, below. Rust (n.) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as, rust on salted meat. Rust (n.) Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence. Rusted (imp. & p. p.) of Rust Rusting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rust Rust (v. i.) To contract rust; to be or become oxidized. Rust (v. i.) To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust; also, to acquire a rusty appearance, as plants. Rust (v. i.) To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or impaired by inaction. Rust (v. t.) To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with rust of any kind. Rust (v. t.) To impair by time and inactivity. Rustful (a.) Full of rust; resembling rust; causing rust; rusty. Rustic (a.) Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as, the rustic gods of antiquity. Rustic (a.) Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as, rustic manners. Rustic (a.) Coarse; plain; simple; as, a rustic entertainment; rustic dress. Rustic (a.) Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected. Rustic (n.) An inhabitant of the country, especially one who is rude, coarse, or dull; a clown. Rustic (n.) A rural person having a natural simplicity of character or manners; an artless, unaffected person. Rustical (a.) Rustic. Rusticated (imp. & p. p.) of Rusticate Rusticating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rusticate Rusticate (v. i.) To go into or reside in the country; to ruralize. Rusticate (v. t.) To require or compel to reside in the country; to banish or send away temporarily; to impose rustication on. Rusticated (a.) Resembling rustic work. See Rustic work (a), under Rustic. Rustication (n.) The act of rusticating, or the state of being rusticated; specifically, the punishment of a student for some offense, by compelling him to leave the institution for a time. Rustication (n.) Rustic work. Rusticity (n.) The quality or state of being rustic; rustic manners; rudeness; simplicity; artlessness. Rusticly (adv.) In a rustic manner; rustically. Rustily (adv.) In a rusty state. Rustiness (n.) The quality or state of being rusty. Rustled (imp. & p. p.) of Rustle Rustling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rustle Rustle (v. i.) To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the rubbing or moving of silk cloth or dry leaves. Rustle (v. i.) To stir about energetically; to strive to succeed; to bustle about. Rustle (v. t.) To cause to rustle; as, the wind rustles the leaves. Rustle (n.) A quick succession or confusion of small sounds, like those made by shaking leaves or straw, by rubbing silk, or the like; a rustling. Rustler (n.) One who, or that which, rustles. Rustler (n.) A bovine animal that can care for itself in any circumstances; also, an alert, energetic, driving person. Rustless (a.) Free from rust. Rusty (superl.) Covered or affected with rust; as, a rusty knife or sword; rusty wheat. Rusty (superl.) Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect. Rusty (superl.) Discolored and rancid; reasty; as, rusty bacon. Rusty (superl.) Surly; morose; crusty; sullen. Rusty (superl.) Rust-colored; dark. Rusty (superl.) Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept; filthy. Rusty (superl.) Resembling, or covered with a substance resembling, rust; affected with rust; rubiginous. Rut (n.) Sexual desire or oestrus of deer, cattle, and various other mammals; heat; also, the period during which the oestrus exists. Rut (n.) Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See Rote. Rutted (imp. & p. p.) of Rut Rutting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rut Rut (v. i.) To have a strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, cattle, etc. Rut (v. t.) To cover in copulation. Rut (n.) A track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs. Also used figuratively. Rut (v. t.) To make a rut or ruts in; -- chiefly used as a past participle or a participial adj.; as, a rutted road. Ruta-baga (n.) A kind of turnip commonly with a large and long or ovoid yellowish root; a Swedish turnip. See Turnip. Rutaceous (a.) Of or pertaining to plants of a natural order (Rutaceae) of which the rue is the type, and which includes also the orange, lemon, dittany, and buchu. Rutate (n.) A salt of rutic acid. Ruth (v.) Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. Ruth (v.) That which causes pity or compassion; misery; distress; a pitiful sight. Ruthenic (a.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with ruthenious compounds. Ruthenious (a.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with ruthenic compounds. Ruthenium (n.) A rare element of the light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals, under Platinum. Ruthful (a.) Full of ruth Ruthful (a.) Pitiful; tender. Ruthful (a.) Full of sorrow; woeful. Ruthful (a.) Causing sorrow. Ruthless (a.) Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless. Rutic (a.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, rue (Ruta); as, rutic acid, now commonly called capric acid. Rutilant (a.) Having a reddish glow; shining. Rutilate (v. i.) To shine; to emit rays of light. Rutile (n.) A mineral usually of a reddish brown color, and brilliant metallic adamantine luster, occurring in tetragonal crystals. In composition it is titanium dioxide, like octahedrite and brookite. Rutilian (n.) Any species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to Rutila and allied genera, as the spotted grapevine beetle (Pelidnota punctata). Rutin (n.) A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin is found in the leaves of the rue (Ruta graveolens) and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline substance which yields quercitin on decomposition. Rutinose. () A disaccharide present in glycosides. Rutter (n.) A horseman or trooper. Rutter (n.) That which ruts. Rutterkin (n.) An old crafty fox or beguiler -- a word of contempt. Ruttier (n.) A chart of a course, esp. at sea. Ruttish (a.) Inclined to rut; lustful; libidinous; salacious. Ruttle (n.) A rattling sound in the throat arising from difficulty of breathing; a rattle. Rutty (a.) Ruttish; lustful. Rutty (a.) Full of ruts; as, a rutty road. Rutty (a.) Rooty. Rutylene (n.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H18, of the acetylene series. It is produced artificially. Ryal (a.) Royal. Ryal (n.) See Rial, an old English coin. Ryder (n.) A clause added to a document; a rider. See Rider. Ryder (n.) A gold coin of Zealand [Netherlands] equal to 14 florins, about $ 5.60. Rye (n.) A grain yielded by a hardy cereal grass (Secale cereale), closely allied to wheat; also, the plant itself. Rye constitutes a large portion of the breadstuff used by man. Rye (n.) A disease in a hawk. Rynd (n.) A piece of iron crossing the hole in the upper millstone by which the stone is supported on the spindle. Ryot (n.) A peasant or cultivator of the soil. Rypophagous (a.) Eating, or subsisting on, filth. Rys (n.) A branch. Rysh (n.) Rush, a plant. Rysimeter (n.) See Rhysimeter. Ryth (n.) A ford. Rytina (n.) A genus of large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee, including but one species (R. Stelleri); -- called also Steller's sea cow.
• (b) Reenforce (v.) An additional thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc. Reenforcement (n.) The act of reenforcing, or the state of being reenforced. Reenforcement (n.) That which reenforces; additional force; especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet. Reengage (v. t. & i.) To engage a second time or again. Reengagement (n.) A renewed or repeated engagement. Reengrave (v. t.) To engrave anew. Reenjoy (v. i.) To enjoy anew. Reenjoyment (n.) Renewed enjoyment. Reenkindle (v. t.) To enkindle again. Reenlist (v. t. & i.) To enlist again. Reenlistment (n.) A renewed enlistment. Reenslave (v. t.) To enslave again. Reenter (v. t.) To enter again. Reenter (v. t.) To cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing. Reenter (v. i.) To enter anew or again. Reentering (n.) The process of applying additional colors, by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly colored. Reenthrone (v. t.) To enthrone again; to replace on a throne. Reenthronement (n.) A second enthroning. Reentrance (n.) The act entereing again; re/ntry. Reentrant (a.) Reentering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, a re/ntrant angle. Reentry (n.) A second or new entry; as, a reentry into public life. Reentry (n.) A resuming or retaking possession of what one has lately foregone; -- applied especially to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the lease. Reerect (v. t.) To erect again. Reermouse (n.) See Rearmouse. Reestablish (v. t.) To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; as, to reestablish a covenant; to reestablish health. Reestablisher (n.) One who establishes again. Reestablishment (n.) The act reestablishing; the state of being reestablished. Reestate (v. t.) To reestablish. Reeve (n.) The female of the ruff. Rove (imp. & p. p.) of Reeve Reeving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reeve Reeve (v. t.) To pass, as the end of a pope, through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the like. Reeve (n.) an officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in compounds; as, shirereeve, now written sheriff; portreeve, etc. Reexaminable (a.) Admitting of being reexamined or reconsidered. Reexamination (n.) A repeated examination. See under Examination. Reexamine (v. t.) To examine anew. Reexchange (v. t.) To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange). Reexchange (n.) A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange. Reexchange (n.) The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country in which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up. Reexhibit (v. t.) To exhibit again. Reexpel (v. t.) To expel again. Reexperience (n.) A renewed or repeated experience. Reexport (v. t.) To export again, as what has been imported. Reexport (n.) Any commodity reexported; -- chiefly in the plural. Reexportation (n.) The act of reexporting, or of exporting an import. Reexpulsion (n.) Renewed or repeated expulsion. Reezed (a.) Grown rank; rancid; rusty. Refaction (n.) Recompense; atonement; retribution. Refar (v. t.) To go over again; to repeat. Refashion (v. t.) To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second time. Refashionment (n.) The act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned. Refasten (v. t.) To fasten again. Refect (v. t.) To restore after hunger or fatigue; to refresh. Refection (n.) Refreshment after hunger or fatigue; a repast; a lunch. Refective (a.) Refreshing; restoring. Refective (n.) That which refreshes. Refectories (pl. ) of Refectory Refectory (n.) A room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or convents. Refel (v. t.) To refute; to disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a sophister. Referred (imp. & p. p.) of Refer Referring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refer Refer (v. t.) To carry or send back. Refer (v. t.) Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, information, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a question of law to a superior tribunal. Refer (v. t.) To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation; as, he referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances. Refer (v. i.) To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as, to refer to a dictionary. Refer (v. i.) To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as, the figure refers to a footnote. Refer (v. i.) To carry the mind or thought; to direct attention; as, the preacher referred to the late election. Refer (v. i.) To direct inquiry for information or a guarantee of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the like; as, I referred to his employer for the truth of his story. Referable (a.) Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to something else; assignable; ascribable. Referee (n.) One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it. Reference (n.) The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance. Reference (n.) That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book. Reference (n.) Relation; regard; respect. Reference (n.) One who, or that which, is referred to. Reference (n.) One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another. Reference (n.) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred. Reference (n.) The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision. Reference (n.) The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court. Reference (n.) Appeal. Referendary (n.) One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee. Referendary (n.) An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions. Referendary (n.) Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees. Referendum (n.) A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his government concerning a particular matter or point. Referendum (n.) The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed upon by a legislature. Referential (a.) Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself; as, notes for referential use. Referment (n.) The act of referring; reference. Re-ferment (v. t. & i.) To ferment, or cause to ferment, again. Referrer (n.) One who refers. Referrible (a.) Referable. Refigure (v. t.) To figure again. Refill (v. t. & i.) To fill, or become full, again. Refind (v. t.) To find again; to get or experience again. Refined (imp. & p. p.) of Refine Refining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refine Refine (v. t.) To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar. Refine (v. t.) To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; as, to refine the manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings. Refine (v. i.) To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter. Refine (v. i.) To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence. Refine (v. i.) To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language. Refined (a.) Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined sentiments. Refinement (n.) The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas. Refinement (n.) That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic. Refiner (n.) One who, or that which, refines. Refineries (pl. ) of Refinery Refinery (n.) The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar. Refinery (n.) A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast on the molten metal. Refit (v. t.) To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to refit ships of war. Refit (v. t.) To fit out or supply a second time. Refit (v. i.) To obtain repairs or supplies; as, the fleet returned to refit. Refitment (n.) The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted. Refix (v. t.) To fix again or anew; to establish anew. Reflame (v. i.) To kindle again into flame. Reflected (imp. & p. p.) of Reflect Reflecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reflect Reflect (v.) To bend back; to give a backwa/d turn to; to throw back; especially, to cause to return after striking upon any surface; as, a mirror reflects rays of light; polished metals reflect heat. Reflect (v.) To give back an image or likeness of; to mirror. Reflect (v. i.) To throw back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams. Reflect (v. i.) To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert; to return. Reflect (v. i.) To throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or rules. Reflect (v. i.) To cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor. Reflected (a.) Thrown back after striking a surface; as, reflected light, heat, sound, etc. Reflected (a.) Hence: Not one's own; received from another; as, his glory was reflected glory. Reflected (a.) Bent backward or outward; reflexed. Reflectent (a.) Bending or flying back; reflected. Reflectent (a.) Reflecting; as, a reflectent body. Reflectible (a.) Capable of being reflected, or thrown back; reflexible. Reflecting (a.) Throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface. Reflecting (a.) Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective; contemplative; as, a reflecting mind. Reflectingly (adv.) With reflection; also, with censure; reproachfully. Reflection (n.) The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected. Reflection (n.) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. See Angle of reflection, below. Reflection (n.) The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or standard. Reflection (n.) Shining; brightness, as of the sun. Reflection (n.) That which is produced by reflection. Reflection (n.) An image given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart. Reflection (n.) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the reflection of a membrane. Reflection (n.) Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by truth. Reflection (n.) Censure; reproach cast. Reflection (n.) The transference of an excitement from one nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve cells, as in reflex action. See Reflex action, under Reflex. Reflective (a.) Throwing back images; as, a reflective mirror. Reflective (a.) Capable of exercising thought or judgment; as, reflective reason. Reflective (a.) Addicted to introspective or meditative habits; as, a reflective person. Reflective (a.) Reflexive; reciprocal. Reflector (n.) One who, or that which, reflects. Reflector (n.) Something having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat, as a mirror, a speculum, etc. Reflector (n.) A reflecting telescope. Reflector (n.) A device for reflecting sound. Reflex (a.) Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive; introspective. Reflex (a.) Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return. Reflex (a.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary intervention of consciousness. Reflex (n.) Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface to one in shade. Reflex (n.) An involuntary movement produced by reflex action. Reflex (v. t.) To reflect. Reflex (v. t.) To bend back; to turn back. Reflexed (a.) Bent backward or outward. Reflexibility (n.) The quality or capability of being reflexible; as, the reflexibility of the rays of light. Reflexible (a.) Capable of being reflected, or thrown back. Reflexion (n.) See Reflection. Reflexity (n.) The state or condition of being reflected. Reflexive (a.) Bending or turned backward; reflective; having respect to something past. Reflexive (a.) Implying censure. Reflexive (a.) Having for its direct object a pronoun which refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent; -- said of certain verbs; as, the witness perjured himself; I bethought myself. Applied also to pronouns of this class; reciprocal; reflective. Reflexly (adv.) In a reflex manner; reflectively. Refloat (n.) Reflux; ebb. Reflorescence (n.) A blossoming anew of a plant after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season. Reflourish (v. t. & i.) To flourish again. Reflow (v. i.) To flow back; to ebb. Reflower (v. i. & t.) To flower, or cause to flower, again. Refluctuation (n.) A flowing back; refluence. Refluence (n.) Alt. of Refluency Refluency (n.) The quality of being refluent; a flowing back. Refluent (a.) Flowing back; returning; ebbing. Reflueus (a.) Refluent. Reflux (a.) Returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux action. Reflux (n.) A flowing back, as the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as, the flux and reflux of the tides. Refocillate (v. t.) To refresh; to revive. Refocillation (n.) Restoration of strength by refreshment. Refold (v. t.) To fold again. Refoment (v. t.) To foment anew. Reforestization (n.) The act or process of reforestizing. Reforestize (v. t.) To convert again into a forest; to plant again with trees. Reforge (v. t.) To forge again or anew; hence, to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over. Reforger (n.) One who reforges. Reform (v. t.) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; as, to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals. Reform (v. i.) To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; as, a man of settled habits of vice will seldom reform. Reform (n.) Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; as, reform of elections; reform of government. Re-formed (imp. & p. p.) of Re-form Re-forming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Re-form Re-form (v. t. & i.) To give a new form to; to form anew; to take form again, or to take a new form; as, to re-form the line after a charge. Reformable (a.) Capable of being reformed. Reformade (n.) A reformado. Reformado (v. t.) A monk of a reformed order. Reformado (v. t.) An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his command, but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay. Reformalize (v. i.) To affect reformation; to pretend to correctness. Reformation (n.) The act of reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything vicious or corrupt; as, the reformation of manners; reformation of the age; reformation of abuses. Reformation (n.) Specifically (Eccl. Hist.), the important religious movement commenced by Luther early in the sixteenth century, which resulted in the formation of the various Protestant churches. Re-formation (n.) The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; as, the reformation of a column of troops into a hollow square. Reformative (a.) Forming again; having the quality of renewing form; reformatory. Reformatory (a.) Tending to produce reformation; reformative. -ries (pl. ) of Reformatory Reformatory (n.) An institution for promoting the reformation of offenders. Reformed (a.) Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point. The Protestant churches founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of Germany, were called the Reformed churches. Reformed (a.) Amended in character and life; as, a reformed gambler or drunkard. Reformed (a.) Retained in service on half or full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; -- said of an officer. Reformer (n.) One who effects a reformation or amendment; one who labors for, or urges, reform; as, a reformer of manners, or of abuses. Reformer (n.) One of those who commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century, as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin. Reformist (n.) A reformer. Reformly (adv.) In the manner of a reform; for the purpose of reform. Refortification (n.) A fortifying anew, or a second time. Refortify (v. t.) To fortify anew. Refossion (n.) The act of digging up again. Refound (v. t.) To found or cast anew. Refound (v. t.) To found or establish again; to re/stablish. Refound () imp. & p. p. of Refind, v. t. Refounder (n.) One who refounds. Refracted (imp. & p. p.) of Refract Refracting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refract Refract (n.) To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off. Refract (n.) To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from reflection; as, a dense medium refrcts the rays of light as they pass into it from a rare medium. Refractable (a.) Capable of being refracted. Refracted (a.) Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken; as, a refracted stem or leaf. Refracted (a.) Turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted rays of light. Refracting (a.) Serving or tending to refract; as, a refracting medium. Refraction (n.) The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted. Refraction (n.) The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved. Refraction (n.) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction. Refraction (n.) The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude. Refractive (a.) Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive powers. Refractiveness (n.) The quality or condition of being refractive. Refractometer (n.) A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light. Refractor (n.) Anything that refracts Refractor (n.) A refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens. Refractorily (adv.) In a refractory manner; perversely; obstinately. Refractoriness (n.) The quality or condition of being refractory. Refractory (a.) Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast. Refractory (a.) Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore. Refractory (n.) A refractory person. Refractory (n.) Refractoriness. Refractory (n.) OPottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles. Refracture (n.) A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon. Refracture (v. t.) To break again, as a bone. Refragable (a.) Capable of being refuted; refutable. Refragate (v. i.) To oppose. Refrained (imp. & p. p.) of Refrain Refraining (p. pr. & vb/ n.) of Refrain Refrain (v. t.) To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern. Refrain (v. t.) To abstain from Refrain (v. i.) To keep one's self from action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to abstain. Refrain (v.) The burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition. Refrainer (n.) One who refrains. Refrainment (n.) Act of refraining. Reframe (v. t.) To frame again or anew. Refrangibility (n.) The quality of being refrangible. Refrangible (a.) Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light. Refrenation (v. t.) The act of refraining. Refreshed (imp. & p. p.) of Refresh Refreshing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refresh Refresh (a.) To make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the mind. Refresh (a.) To make as if new; to repair; to restore. Refresh (n.) The act of refreshing. Refresher (n.) One who, or that which, refreshes. Refresher (n.) An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted. Refreshful (a.) Full of power to refresh; refreshing. Refreshing (a.) Reviving; reanimating. Refreshment (n.) The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering; new life or animation after depression. Refreshment (n.) That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink. Refret (n.) Refrain. Refreyd (v. t.) To chill; to cool. Refrication (n.) A rubbing up afresh; a brightening. Refrigerant (a.) Cooling; allaying heat or fever. Refrigerant (n.) That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also figuratively. Refrigerated (imp. & p. p.) of Refrigerate Refrigerating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refrigerate Refrigerate (v. t.) To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool. Refrigeration (n.) The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled. Refrigerative (a.) Cooling; allaying heat. Refrigerative (n.) A refrigerant. Refrigerator (n.) That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool. Refrigerator (n.) A box or room for keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of ice. Refrigerator (n.) An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors, connected with a still, etc. Refrigeratory (a.) Mitigating heat; cooling. -ries (pl. ) of Refrigeratory Refrigeratory (n.) That which refrigerates or cools. Refrigeratory (n.) In distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed. Refrigeratory (n.) The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice machine. Refrigerium (n.) Cooling refreshment; refrigeration. Refringency (n.) The power possessed by a substance to refract a ray; as, different substances have different refringencies. Refringent (a.) Pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive; refracting; as, a refringent prism of spar. Reft (imp. & p. p.) Bereft. Reft (n.) A chink; a rift. See Rift. Refuge (n.) Shelter or protection from danger or distress. Refuge (n.) That which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an enemy. Refuge (n.) An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or contrivance. Refuge (v. t.) To shelter; to protect. Refugee (n.) One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety. Refugee (n.) Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; as, the French refugees who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes. Refulgence (n.) Alt. of Refulgency Refulgency (n.) The quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender; radiance. Refulgent (a.) Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams. Refund (v. t.) To fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; as, to refund a railroad loan. Refund (v. t.) To pour back. Refund (v. t.) To give back; to repay; to restore. Refund (v. t.) To supply again with funds; to reimburse. Refunder (n.) One who refunds. Refundment (n.) The act of refunding; also, that which is refunded. Refurbish (v. t.) To furbish anew. Refurnish (v. t.) To furnish again. Refurnishment (n.) The act of refurnishing, or state of being refurnished. Refusable (a.) Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal. Refusal (n.) The act of refusing; denial of anything demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance. Refusal (n.) The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; as, to give one the refusal of a farm; to have the refusal of an employment. Refused (imp. & p. p.) of Refuse Refusing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refuse Refuse (v. t.) To deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant. Refuse (v. t.) To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular aligment when troops ar/ about to engage the enemy; as, to refuse the right wing while the left wing attacks. Refuse (v. t.) To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or petition of; as, to refuse a suitor. Refuse (v. t.) To disown. Refuse (v. i.) To deny compliance; not to comply. Refuse (n.) Refusal. Refuse (n.) That which is refused or rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter. Refuse (a.) Refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless. Refuser (n.) One who refuses or rejects. Refusion (n.) New or repeated melting, as of metals. Refusion (n.) Restoration. Refut (n.) Refuge. Refutability (n.) The quality of being refutable. Refutable (a.) Admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or erroneous. Refutal (n.) Act of refuting; refutation. Refutation (n.) The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing proof. Refutatory (a.) Tending tu refute; refuting. Refuted (imp. & p. p.) of Refute Refuting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refute Refute (v. t.) To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to refute opinions or theories; to refute a disputant. Refuter (n.) One who, or that which, refutes. Regain (v. t.) To gain anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again. Regal (a.) Of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as, regal authority, pomp, or sway. Regal (n.) A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows being worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Regale (n.) A prerogative of royalty. Regaled (imp. & p. p.) of Regale Regaling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regale Regale (v. t.) To enerta/n in a regal or sumptuous manner; to enrtertain with something that delights; to gratify; to refresh; as, to regale the taste, the eye, or the ear. Regale (v. i.) To feast; t/ fare sumtuously. Regale (v. t.) A sumptuous repast; a banquet. Regalement (n.) The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment; entertainment. Regaler (n.) One who regales. Regalia (n. pl.) That which belongs to royalty. Specifically: (a) The rights and prerogatives of a king. (b) Royal estates and revenues. (c) Ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty. Regalia (n. pl.) Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or order, as of Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc. Regalia (n. pl.) Sumptuous food; delicacies. Regalia (n.) A kind of cigar of large size and superior quality; also, the size in which such cigars are classed. Regalian (a.) Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or prerogatives. Regalism (n.) The doctrine of royal prerogative or supremacy. Regality (n.) Royalty; sovereignty; sovereign jurisdiction. Regality (n.) An ensign or badge of royalty. Regally (adv.) In a regal or royal manner. Regarded (imp. & p. p.) of Regard Regarding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regard Regard (v. t.) To keep in view; to behold; to look at; to view; to gaze upon. Regard (v. t.) Hence, to look or front toward; to face. Regard (v. t.) To look closely at; to observe attentively; to pay attention to; to notice or remark particularly. Regard (v. t.) To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold as an popinion; to consider; as, to regard abstinence from wine as a duty; to regard another as a friend or enemy. Regard (v. t.) To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling toward; as, to regard one with favor or dislike. Regard (v. t.) To pay respect to; to treat as something of peculiar value, sanctity, or the like; to care for; to esteem. Regard (v. t.) To take into consideration; to take account of, as a fact or condition. Regard (v. t.) To have relation to, as bearing upon; to respect; to relate to; to touch; as, an argument does not regard the question; -- often used impersonally; as, I agree with you as regards this or that. Regard (v. i.) To look attentively; to consider; to notice. Regard (v. t.) A look; aspect directed to another; view; gaze. Regard (v. t.) Attention of the mind with a feeling of interest; observation; heed; notice. Regard (v. t.) That view of the mind which springs from perception of value, estimable qualities, or anything that excites admiration; respect; esteem; reverence; affection; as, to have a high regard for a person; -- often in the plural. Regard (v. t.) State of being regarded, whether favorably or otherwise; estimation; repute; note; account. Regard (v. t.) Consideration; thought; reflection; heed. Regard (v. t.) Matter for consideration; account; condition. Regard (v. t.) Respect; relation; reference. Regard (v. t.) Object of sight; scene; view; aspect. Regard (v. t.) Supervision; inspection. Regardable (a.) Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded; observable. Regardant (v. t.) Looking behind; looking backward watchfully. Regardant (v. t.) Looking behind or backward; as, a lion regardant. Regardant (v. t.) Annexed to the land or manor; as, a villain regardant. Regarder (n.) One who regards. Regarder (n.) An officer appointed to supervise the forest. Regardful (a.) Heedful; attentive; observant. Regarding (prep.) Concerning; respecting. Regardless (a.) Having no regard; heedless; careless; as, regardless of life, consequences, dignity. Regardless (a.) Not regarded; slighted. Regather (v. t.) To gather again. Regattas (pl. ) of Regatta Regatta (n.) Originally, a gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or sailing race, or a series of such races. Regel (n.) See Rigel. Regelate (v. i.) To freeze together again; to undergo regelation, as ice. Regelation (n.) The act or process of freezing anew, or together,as two pieces of ice. Regence (n.) Rule. Regencies (pl. ) of Regency Regency (a.) The office of ruler; rule; authority; government. Regency (a.) Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or dominion of a regent or vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents; deputed or vicarious government. Regency (a.) A body of men intrusted with vicarious government; as, a regency constituted during a king's minority, absence from the kingdom, or other disability. Regeneracy (n.) The state of being regenerated. Regenerate (a.) Reproduced. Regenerate (a.) Born anew; become Christian; renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual state. Regenerate (v. t.) To generate or produce anew; to reproduce; to give new life, strength, or vigor to. Regenerate (v. t.) To cause to be spiritually born anew; to cause to become a Christian; to convert from sin to holiness; to implant holy affections in the heart of. Regenerate (v. t.) Hence, to make a radical change for the better in the character or condition of; as, to regenerate society. Regenerateness (n.) The quality or state of being rgenerate. Regeneration (n.) The act of regenerating, or the state of being regenerated. Regeneration (n.) The entering into a new spiritual life; the act of becoming, or of being made, Christian; that change by which holy affectations and purposes are substituted for the opposite motives in the heart. Regeneration (n.) The reproduction of a part which has been removed or destroyed; re-formation; -- a process especially characteristic of a many of the lower animals; as, the regeneration of lost feelers, limbs, and claws by spiders and crabs. Regeneration (n.) The reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc., which have been used up and destroyed by the ordinary processes of life; as, the continual regeneration of the epithelial cells of the body, or the regeneration of the contractile substance of muscle. Regeneration (n.) The union of parts which have been severed, so that they become anatomically perfect; as, the regeneration of a nerve. Regenerative (a.) Of or pertaining to regeneration; tending to regenerate; as, regenerative influences. Regeneratively (adv.) So as to regenerate. Regenerator (n.) One who, or that which, regenerates. Regenerator (n.) A device used in connection with hot-air engines, gas-burning furnaces, etc., in which the incoming air or gas is heated by being brought into contact with masses of iron, brick, etc., which have been previously heated by the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas. Regeneratory (a.) Having power to renew; tending to reproduce; regenerating. Regenesis (n.) New birth; renewal. Regent (a.) Ruling; governing; regnant. Regent (a.) Exercising vicarious authority. Regent (a.) One who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler. Regent (a.) Especially, one invested with vicarious authority; one who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign. Regent (a.) One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer; a superintendent; a curator; as, the regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Regent (a.) A resident master of arts of less than five years' standing, or a doctor of less than twwo. They were formerly privileged to lecture in the schools. Regentess (n.) A female regent. Regentship (n.) The office of a regent; regency. Regerminate (v. i.) To germinate again. Regermination (n.) A germinating again or anew. Regest (n.) A register. Reget (v. t.) To get again. Regian (n.) An upholder of kingly authority; a royalist. Regible (a.) Governable; tractable. Regicidal (a.) Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing it; having the nature of, or resembling, regicide. Regicide (n.) One who kills or who murders a king; specifically (Eng.Hist.), one of the judges who condemned Charles I. to death. Regicide (n.) The killing or the murder of a king. Regild (v. t.) To gild anew. Regime (n.) Mode or system of rule or management; character of government, or of the prevailing social system. Regime (n.) The condition of a river with respect to the rate of its flow, as measured by the volume of water passing different cross sections in a given time, uniform regime being the condition when the flow is equal and uniform at all the cross sections. Regimen (n.) Orderly government; system of order; adminisration. Regimen (n.) Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation Regimen (n.) a systematic course of diet, etc., pursed with a view to improving or preserving the health, or for the purpose of attaining some particular effect, as a reduction of flesh; -- sometimes used synonymously with hygiene. Regimen (n.) A syntactical relation between words, as when one depends on another and is regulated by it in respect to case or mood; government. Regimen (n.) The word or words governed. Regiment (n.) Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority; regimen. Regiment (n.) A region or district governed. Regiment (n.) A body of men, either horse, foot, or artillery, commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a number of companies, usually ten. Regimented (imp. & p. p.) of Regiment Regimenting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regiment Regiment (v. t.) To form into a regiment or into regiments. Regimental (a.) Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment; as, regimental officers, clothing. Regimentally (adv.) In or by a regiment or regiments; as, troops classified regimentally. Regimentals (n. pl.) The uniform worn by the officers and soldiers of a regiment; military dress; -- formerly used in the singular in the same sense. Regiminal (a.) Of or relating to regimen; as, regiminal rules. Region (n.) One of the grand districts or quarters into which any space or surface, as of the earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided; hence, in general, a portion of space or territory of indefinite extent; country; province; district; tract. Region (n.) Tract, part, or space, lying about and including anything; neighborhood; vicinity; sphere. Region (n.) The upper air; the sky; the heavens. Region (n.) The inhabitants of a district. Region (n.) Place; rank; station. Regional (a.) Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional. Regious (a.) Regal; royal. Register (n.) A written account or entry; an official or formal enumeration, description, or record; a memorial record; a list or roll; a schedule. Register (n.) A record containing a list and description of the merchant vessels belonging to a port or customs district. Register (n.) A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel, to be used as an evidence of nationality or as a muniment of title. Register (n.) One who registers or records; a registrar; a recorder; especially, a public officer charged with the duty of recording certain transactions or events; as, a register of deeds. Register (n.) That which registers or records. Register (n.) A contrivance for automatically noting the performance of a machine or the rapidity of a process. Register (n.) The part of a telegraphic apparatus which records automatically the message received. Register (n.) A machine for registering automatically the number of persons passing through a gateway, fares taken, etc.; a telltale. Register (n.) A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace, stove, etc., for regulating the admission of air to the fuel; also, an arrangement containing dampers or shutters, as in the floor or wall of a room or passage, or in a chimney, for admitting or excluding heated air, or for regulating ventilation. Register (n.) The inner part of the mold in which types are cast. Register (n.) The correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the opposite or reverse sides of the sheet. Register (n.) The correspondence or adjustment of the several impressions in a design which is printed in parts, as in chromolithographic printing, or in the manufacture of paper hangings. See Register, v. i. 2. Register (v. i.) The compass of a voice or instrument; a specified portion of the compass of a voice, or a series of vocal tones of a given compass; as, the upper, middle, or lower register; the soprano register; the tenor register. Register (v. i.) A stop or set of pipes in an organ. Registered (imp. & p. p.) of Register Registering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Register Register (n.) To enter in a register; to record formally and distinctly, as for future use or service. Register (n.) To enroll; to enter in a list. Register (v. i.) To enroll one's name in a register. Register (v. i.) To correspond in relative position; as, two pages, columns, etc. , register when the corresponding parts fall in the same line, or when line falls exactly upon line in reverse pages, or (as in chromatic printing) where the various colors of the design are printed consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is necessary. Registering (a.) Recording; -- applied to instruments; having an apparatus which registers; as, a registering thermometer. See Recording. Registership (n.) The office of a register. Registrant (n.) One who registers; esp., one who , by virtue of securing an official registration, obtains a certain right or title of possession, as to a trade-mark. Registrar (n.) One who registers; a recorder; a keeper of records; as, a registrar of births, deaths, and marriages. See Register, n., 3. Registrarship (n.) The office of a registrar. Registrary (n.) A registrar. Registrate (v. t.) To register. Registration (v.) The act of registering; registry; enrollment. Registration (v.) The art of selecting and combining the stops or registers of an organ. Registry (n.) The act of recording or writing in a register; enrollment; registration. Registry (n.) The place where a register is kept. Registry (n.) A record; an account; a register. Regius (a.) Of or pertaining to a king; royal. Regive (v. t.) To give again; to give back. Regle (v. t.) To rule; to govern. Reglement (n.) Regulation. Reglementary (a.) Regulative. Reglet (n.) A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to separate the parts or members of compartments or panels from one another, or doubled, turned, and interlaced so as to form knots, frets, or other ornaments. See Illust. (12) of Column. Reglet (n.) A strip of wood or metal of the height of a quadrat, used for regulating the space between pages in a chase, and also for spacing out title-pages and other open matter. It is graded to different sizes, and designated by the name of the type that it matches; as, nonpareil reglet, pica reglet, and the like. Regma (n.) A kind of dry fruit, consisting of three or more cells, each which at length breaks open at the inner angle. Regmacarp (n.) Any dry dehiscent fruit. Regnal (a.) Of or pertaining to the reign of a monarch; as, regnal years. Regnancy (n.) The condition or quality of being regnant; sovereignty; rule. Regnant (a.) Exercising regal authority; reigning; as, a queen regnant. Regnant (a.) Having the chief power; ruling; predominant; prevalent. Regnative (a.) Ruling; governing. Regne (n. & v.) See Reign. Regorge (v. t.) To vomit up; to eject from the stomach; to throw back. Regorge (v. t.) To swallow again; to swallow back. Regrade (v. i.) To retire; to go back. Regraft (v. t.) To graft again. Regrant (v. t.) To grant back; to grant again or anew. Regrant (n.) The act of granting back to a former proprietor. Regrant (n.) A renewed of a grant; as, the regrant of a monopoly. Regrated (imp. & p. p.) of Regrate Regrating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regrate Regrate (v. t.) To remove the outer surface of, as of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh appearance. Regrate (v. t.) To offend; to shock. Regrate (v. t.) To buy in large quantities, as corn, provisions, etc., at a market or fair, with the intention of selling the same again, in or near the same place, at a higher price, -- a practice which was formerly treated as a public offense. Regrater (n.) One who regrates. Regratery (n.) The act or practice of regrating. Regratiatory (n.) A returning or giving of thanks. Regrator (n.) One guilty of regrating. Regrede (v. i.) To go back; to retrograde, as the apsis of a planet's orbit. Regredience (n.) A going back; a retrogression; a return. Regreet (v. t.) To greet again; to resalute; to return a salutation to; to greet. Regreet (n.) A return or exchange of salutation. Regress (n.) The act of passing back; passage back; return; retrogression. "The progress or regress of man". Regress (n.) The power or liberty of passing back. Regressed (imp. & p. p.) of Regress Regressing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regress Regress (v. i.) To go back; to return to a former place or state. Regression (n.) The act of passing back or returning; retrogression; retrogradation. Regressive (a.) Passing back; returning. Regressive (a.) Characterized by retrogression; retrogressive. Regressively (adv.) In a regressive manner. Regret (v.) Pain of mind on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing; grief; sorrow; especially, a mourning on account of the loss of some joy, advantage, or satisfaction. Regret (v.) Dislike; aversion. Regretted (imp. & p. p.) of Regret Regretting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regret Regret (v. t.) To experience regret on account of; to lose or miss with a sense of regret; to feel sorrow or dissatisfaction on account of (the happening or the loss of something); as, to regret an error; to regret lost opportunities or friends. Regretful (a.) Full of regret; indulging in regrets; repining. Regrow (v. i. & t.) To grow again. Regrowth (n.) The act of regrowing; a second or new growth. Reguardant (a.) Same as Regardant. Reguerdon (v. t.) To reward. Regulable (a.) Capable of being regulated. Regular (a.) Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established rule, law, principle, or type, or to established customary forms; normal; symmetrical; as, a regular verse in poetry; a regular piece of music; a regular verb; regular practice of law or medicine; a regular building. Regular (a.) Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in course, practice, or occurence; not subject to unexplained or irrational variation; returning at stated intervals; steadily pursued; orderlly; methodical; as, the regular succession of day and night; regular habits. Regular (a.) Constituted, selected, or conducted in conformity with established usages, rules, or discipline; duly authorized; permanently organized; as, a regular meeting; a regular physican; a regular nomination; regular troops. Regular (a.) Belonging to a monastic order or community; as, regular clergy, in distinction dfrom the secular clergy. Regular (a.) Thorough; complete; unmitigated; as, a regular humbug. Regular (a.) Having all the parts of the same kind alike in size and shape; as, a regular flower; a regular sea urchin. Regular (a.) Same as Isometric. Regular (a.) A member of any religious order or community who has taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and who has been solemnly recognized by the church. Regular (a.) A soldier belonging to a permanent or standing army; -- chiefly used in the plural. Regularia (n. pl.) A division of Echini which includes the circular, or regular, sea urchins. Regularity (n.) The condition or quality of being regular; as, regularity of outline; the regularity of motion. Regularize (v. t.) To cause to become regular; to regulate. Regularly (adv.) In a regular manner; in uniform order; methodically; in due order or time. Regularness (n.) Regularity. Regulated (imp. & p. p.) of Regulate Regulating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Regulate Regulate (v. t.) To adjust by rule, method, or established mode; to direct by rule or restriction; to subject to governing principles or laws. Regulate (v. t.) To put in good order; as, to regulate the disordered state of a nation or its finances. Regulate (v. t.) To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a desired rate, degree, or condition; as, to regulate the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a machine, etc. Regulation (n.) The act of regulating, or the state of being regulated. Regulation (n.) A rule or order prescribed for management or government; prescription; a regulating principle; a governing direction; precept; law; as, the regulations of a society or a school. Regulative (a.) Tending to regulate; regulating. Regulative (a.) Necessarily assumed by the mind as fundamental to all other knowledge; furnishing fundamental principles; as, the regulative principles, or principles a priori; the regulative faculty. Regulator (n.) One who, or that which, regulates. Regulator (n.) A contrivance for regulating and controlling motion, as: (a) The lever or index in a watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. (b) The governor of a steam engine. (c) A valve for controlling the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive. Regulator (n.) A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct time. See Astronomical clock (a), under Clock. Regulator (n.) A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the comission of violent crimes. Reguline (a.) Of or pertaining to regulus. Regulize (v. t.) To reduce to regulus; to separate, as a metal from extraneous matter; as, to regulize antimony. Reguluses (pl. ) of Regulus Reguli (pl. ) of Regulus Regulus (n.) A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence. Regulus (n.) The button, globule, or mass of metal, in a more or less impure state, which forms in the bottom of the crucible in smelting and reduction of ores. Regulus (n.) A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Leo; -- called also the Lion's Heart. Regurgitate (v. t.) To throw or pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great quantity. Regurgitate (v. i.) To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back. Regurgitation (n.) The act of flowing or pouring back by the orifice of entrance Regurgitation (n.) the reversal of the natural direction in which the current or contents flow through a tube or cavity of the body. Regurgitation (n.) The act of swallowing again; reabsorption. Rehabilitated (imp. & p. p.) of Rehabilitate Rehabilitating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rehabilitate Rehabilitate (v. t.) To invest or clothe again with some right, authority, or dignity; to restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent, to a former right, rank, or privilege lost or forfeited; -- a term of civil and canon law. Rehabilitation (n.) The act of rehabilitating, or the state of being rehabilitated. Rehash (v. t.) To hash over again; to prepare or use again; as, to rehash old arguments. Rehash (n.) Something hashed over, or made up from old materials. Rehear (v. t.) To hear again; to try a second time; as, to rehear a cause in Chancery. Rehearsal (n.) The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; repetition; specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of practice, in preparation for a public exhibition or exercise. Rehearsed (imp. & p. p.) of Rehearse Rehearsing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rehearse Rehearse (v. t.) To repeat, as what has been already said; to tell over again; to recite. Rehearse (v. t.) To narrate; to relate; to tell. Rehearse (v. t.) To recite or repeat in private for experiment and improvement, before a public representation; as, to rehearse a tragedy. Rehearse (v. t.) To cause to rehearse; to instruct by rehearsal. Rehearse (v. i.) To recite or repeat something for practice. Rehearser (n.) One who rehearses. Reheat (v. t.) To heat again. Reheat (v. t.) To revive; to cheer; to cherish. Rehibition (n.) The returning of a thing purchased to the seller, on the ground of defect or frand. Rehibitory (a.) Of or relating to rehibition; as, a rehibitory action. Rehire (v. t.) To hire again. Rehypothecate (v. t.) To hypothecate again. Reis (pl. ) of Rei Rei (n.) A portuguese money of account, in value about one tenth of a cent. Reichsrath (n.) The parliament of Austria (exclusive of Hungary, which has its own diet, or parliament). It consists of an Upper and a Lower House, or a House of Lords and a House of Representatives. Reichsstand (n.) A free city of the former German empire. Reichstag (n.) The Diet, or House of Representatives, of the German empire, which is composed of members elected for a term of three years by the direct vote of the people. See Bundesrath. Reif (n.) Robbery; spoil. Reigle (n.) A hollow cut or channel for quiding anything; as, the reigle of a side post for a flood gate. Reigle (v. t.) To regulate; to govern. Reiglement (n.) Rule; regulation. Reign (n.) Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty; rule; dominion. Reign (n.) The territory or sphere which is reigned over; kingdom; empire; realm; dominion. Reign (n.) The time during which a king, queen, or emperor possesses the supreme authority; as, it happened in the reign of Elizabeth. Reigned (imp. & p. p.) of Reign Reigning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reign Reign (n.) To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise government, as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule. Reign (n.) Hence, to be predominant; to prevail. Reign (n.) To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to rule. Reigner (n.) One who reigns. Reillume (v. t.) To light again; to cause to shine anew; to relume; to reillumine. Reilluminate (v. t.) To enlighten again; to reillumine. Reillumination (n.) The act or process of enlightening again. Reillumine (v. t.) To illumine again or anew; to reillume. Reim (n.) A strip of oxhide, deprived of hair, and rendered pliable, -- used for twisting into ropes, etc. Reimbark (v. t. & i.) See Reembark. Reimbody (v. t. & i.) To imbody again. Reimbursable (a.) Capable of being repaid; repayable. Reimbursed (imp. & p. p.) of Reimburse Reimbursing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reimburse Reimburse (v. t.) To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to restore; as, to reimburse the expenses of a war. Reimburse (v. t.) To make restoration or payment of an equivalent to (a person); to pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive; as, to reimburse one's self by successful speculation. Reimbursement (n.) The act reimbursing. Reimburser (n.) One who reimburses. Reimplant (v. t.) To implant again. Reimport (v. t.) To import again; to import what has been exported; to bring back. Reimportation (n.) The act of reimporting; also, that which is reimported. Reimportune (v. t.) To importune again. Reimpose (v. t.) To impose anew. Reimpregnate (v. t.) To impregnate again or anew. Reimpress (v. t.) To impress anew. Reimpression (n.) A second or repeated impression; a reprint. Reimprint (v. t.) To imprint again. Reimprison (v. t.) To imprison again. Reimprisonment (n.) The act of reimprisoning, or the state of being reimprisoned. Rein (n.) The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by which the rider or driver governs the horse. Rein (n.) Hence, an instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing; government; restraint. Reined (imp. & p. p.) of Rein Reining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rein Rein (v. t.) To govern or direct with the reins; as, to rein a horse one way or another. Rein (v. t.) To restrain; to control; to check. Rein (v. i.) To be guided by reins. Reinaugurate (v. t.) To inaugurate anew. Reincit (v. t.) To incite again. Reincorporate (v. t.) To incorporate again. Reincrease (v. t.) To increase again. Reincur (v. t.) To incur again. Reindeer (n.) Any ruminant of the genus Rangifer, of the Deer family, found in the colder parts of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and having long irregularly branched antlers, with the brow tines palmate. Reinduce (v. t.) To induce again. Reinette (n.) A name given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of French origin. Reinfect (v. t.) To infect again. Reinfectious (a.) Capable of reinfecting. Reinforce (v. t.) See Reenforce, v. t. Reinforce (n.) See Reenforce, n. Reinforcement (n.) See Reenforcement. Reinfund (v. i.) To flow in anew. Reingratiate (v. t.) To ingratiate again or anew. Reinhabit (v. t.) To inhabit again. Reinless (a.) Not having, or not governed by, reins; hence, not checked or restrained. Reins (n. pl.) The kidneys; also, the region of the kidneys; the loins. Reins (n. pl.) The inward impulses; the affections and passions; -- so called because formerly supposed to have their seat in the part of the body where the kidneys are. Reinsert (v. t.) To insert again. Reinsertion (n.) The act of reinserting. Reinspect (v. t.) To inspect again. Reinspection (n.) The act of reinspecting. Reinspire (v. t.) To inspire anew. Reinspirit (v. t.) To give fresh spirit to. Reinstall (v. t.) To install again. Reinstallment (n.) A renewed installment. Reinstate (v. t.) To place again in possession, or in a former state; to restore to a state from which one had been removed; to instate again; as, to reinstate a king in the possession of the kingdom. Reinstatement (n.) The act of reinstating; the state of being reinstated; re/stablishment. Reinstation (n.) Reinstatement. Reinstruct (v. t.) To instruct anew. Reinsurance (n.) Insurance a second time or again; renewed insurance. Reinsurance (n.) A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly or in part against the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody else. See Reassurance. Reinsure (v. t.) To insure again after a former insuranse has ceased; to renew insurance on. Reinsure (v. t.) To insure, as life or property, in favor of one who has taken an insurance risk upon it. Reinsurer (n.) One who gives reinsurance. Reintegrate (v. t.) To renew with regard to any state or quality; to restore; to bring again together into a whole, as the parts off anything; to reestablish; as, to reintegrate a nation. Reintegration (n.) A renewing, or making whole again. See Redintegration. Reinter (v. t.) To inter again. Reinterrogate (v. t.) To interrogate again; to question repeatedly. Reinthrone (v. t.) See Reenthrone. Reinthronize (v. t.) To enthrone again. Reintroduce (v. t.) To introduce again. Reinvest (v. t.) To invest again or anew. Reinvestigate (v. t.) To investigate again. Reinvestment (n.) The act of investing anew; a second or repeated investment. Reinvigorate (v. t.) To invigorate anew. Reinvolve (v. t.) To involve anew. Reis (n.) The word is used as a Portuguese designation of money of account, one hundred reis being about equal in value to eleven cents. Reis (n.) A common title in the East for a person in authority, especially the captain of a ship. Reis Effendi () A title formerly given to one of the chief Turkish officers of state. He was chancellor of the empire, etc. Reissner's membrane () The thin membrane which separates the canal of the cochlea from the vestibular scala in the internal ear. Reissuable (a.) Capable of being reissued. Reissue (v. t. & i.) To issue a second time. Reissue (n.) A second or repeated issue. Reit (n.) Sedge; seaweed. Reiter (n.) A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Reiterant (a.) Reiterating. Reiterated (imp. & p. p.) of Reiterate Reiterating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reiterate Reiterate (v. t.) To repeat again and again; to say or do repeatedly; sometimes, to repeat. Reiterate (a.) Reiterated; repeated. Reiteratedly (adv.) Repeatedly. Reiteration (n.) The act of reiterating; that which is reiterated. Reiterative (n.) A word expressing repeated or reiterated action. Reiterative (n.) A word formed from another, or used to form another, by repetition; as, dillydally. Reiver (n.) See Reaver. Rejected (imp. & p. p.) of Reject Rejecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reject Reject (v. t.) To cast from one; to throw away; to discard. Reject (v. t.) To refuse to receive or to acknowledge; to decline haughtily or harshly; to repudiate. Reject (v. t.) To refuse to grant; as, to reject a prayer or request. Rejectable (a.) Capable of being, or that ought to be, rejected. Rejectamenta (n. pl.) Things thrown out or away; especially, things excreted by a living organism. Rejectaneous (a.) Not chosen or received; rejected. Rejecter (n.) One who rejects. Rejection (n.) Act of rejecting, or state of being rejected. Rejectitious (a.) Implying or requiring rejection; rejectable. Rejective (a.) Rejecting, or tending to reject. Rejectment (n.) Act of rejecting; matter rejected, or thrown away. Rejoiced (imp. & p. p.) of Rejoice Rejoicing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rejoice Rejoice (v. i.) To feel joy; to experience gladness in a high degree; to have pleasurable satisfaction; to be delighted. Rejoice (v. t.) To enjoy. Rejoice (v. t.) To give joy to; to make joyful; to gladden. Rejoice (n.) The act of rejoicing. Rejoicement (n.) Rejoicing. Rejoicer (n.) One who rejoices. Rejoicing (n.) Joy; gladness; delight. Rejoicing (n.) The expression of joy or gladness. Rejoicing (n.) That which causes to rejoice; occasion of joy. Rejoicingly (adv.) With joi or exultation. Rejoined (imp. & p. p.) of Rejoin Rejoining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rejoin Rejoin (v. t.) To join again; to unite after separation. Rejoin (v. t.) To come, or go, again into the presence of; to join the company of again. Rejoin (v. t.) To state in reply; -- followed by an object clause. Rejoin (v. i.) To answer to a reply. Rejoin (v. i.) To answer, as the defendant to the plaintiff's replication. Rejoinder (n.) An answer to a reply; or, in general, an answer or reply. Rejoinder (n.) The defendant's answer to the plaintiff's replication. Rejoinder (v. i.) To make a rejoinder. Rejoindure (n.) Act of joining again. Rejoint (v. t.) To reunite the joints of; to joint anew. Rejoint (v. t.) Specifically (Arch.), to fill up the joints of, as stones in buildings when the mortar has been dislodged by age and the action of the weather. Rejolt (n.) A reacting jolt or shock; a rebound or recoil. Rejolt (v. t.) To jolt or shake again. Rejourn (v. t.) To adjourn; to put off. Rejournment (n.) Adjournment. Rejudge (v. t.) To judge again; to reexamine; to review; to call to a new trial and decision. Rejuvenate (v. t.) To render young again. Rejuvenation (n.) Rejuvenescence. Rejuvenescence (n.) A renewing of youth; the state of being or growing young again. Rejuvenescence (n.) A method of cell formation in which the entire protoplasm of an old cell escapes by rupture of the cell wall, and then develops a new cell wall. It is seen sometimes in the formation of zoospores, etc. Rejuvenescency (n.) Rejuvenescence. Rejuvenescent (a.) Becoming, or causing to become, rejuvenated; rejuvenating. Rejuvenize (v. t.) To rejuvenate. Rekindle (v. t. & i.) To kindle again. Rekne (v. t.) To reckon. Relade (v. t.) To lade or load again. Relaid () imp. & p. p. of Relay. Relais (n.) A narrow space between the foot of the rampart and the scarp of the ditch, serving to receive the earth that may crumble off or be washed down, and prevent its falling into the ditch. Reland (v. t.) To land again; to put on land, as that which had been shipped or embarked. Reland (v. i.) To go on shore after having embarked; to land again. Relapsed (imp. & p. p.) of Relapse Relapsing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relapse Relapse (v. i.) To slip or slide back, in a literal sense; to turn back. Relapse (v. i.) To slide or turn back into a former state or practice; to fall back from some condition attained; -- generally in a bad sense, as from a state of convalescence or amended condition; as, to relapse into a stupor, into vice, or into barbarism; -- sometimes in a good sense; as, to relapse into slumber after being disturbed. Relapse (v. i.) To fall from Christian faith into paganism, heresy, or unbelief; to backslide. Relapse (v.) A sliding or falling back, especially into a former bad state, either of body or morals; backsliding; the state of having fallen back. Relapse (v.) One who has relapsed, or fallen back, into error; a backslider; specifically, one who, after recanting error, returns to it again. Relapser (n.) One who relapses. Relapsing (a.) Marked by a relapse; falling back; tending to return to a former worse state. Related (imp. & p. p.) of Relate Relating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relate Relate (v. t.) To bring back; to restore. Relate (v. t.) To refer; to ascribe, as to a source. Relate (v. t.) To recount; to narrate; to tell over. Relate (v. t.) To ally by connection or kindred. Relate (v. i.) To stand in some relation; to have bearing or concern; to pertain; to refer; -- with to. Relate (v. i.) To make reference; to take account. Related (p. p. & a.) Allied by kindred; connected by blood or alliance, particularly by consanguinity; as, persons related in the first or second degree. Related (p. p. & a.) Standing in relation or connection; as, the electric and magnetic forcec are closely related. Related (p. p. & a.) Narrated; told. Related (p. p. & a.) Same as Relative, 4. Relatedness (n.) The state or condition of being related; relationship; affinity. Relater (n.) One who relates or narrates. Relation (n.) The act of relating or telling; also, that which is related; recital; account; narration; narrative; as, the relation of historical events. Relation (n.) The state of being related or of referring; what is apprehended as appertaining to a being or quality, by considering it in its bearing upon something else; relative quality or condition; the being such and such with regard or respect to some other thing; connection; as, the relation of experience to knowledge; the relation of master to servant. Relation (n.) Reference; respect; regard. Relation (n.) Connection by consanguinity or affinity; kinship; relationship; as, the relation of parents and children. Relation (n.) A person connected by cosanguinity or affinity; a relative; a kinsman or kinswoman. Relation (n.) The carrying back, and giving effect or operation to, an act or proceeding frrom some previous date or time, by a sort of fiction, as if it had happened or begun at that time. In such case the act is said to take effect by relation. Relation (n.) The act of a relator at whose instance a suit is begun. Relational (a.) Having relation or kindred; related. Relational (a.) Indicating or specifying some relation. Relationist (n.) A relative; a relation. Relationship (n.) The state of being related by kindred, affinity, or other alliance. Relative (a.) Having relation or reference; referring; respecting; standing in connection; pertaining; as, arguments not relative to the subject. Relative (a.) Arising from relation; resulting from connection with, or reference to, something else; not absolute. Relative (a.) Indicating or expressing relation; refering to an antecedent; as, a relative pronoun. Relative (a.) Characterizing or pertaining to chords and keys, which, by reason of the identify of some of their tones, admit of a natural transition from one to the other. Relative (n.) One who, or that which, relates to, or is considered in its relation to, something else; a relative object or term; one of two object or term; one of two objects directly connected by any relation. Relative (n.) A person connected by blood or affinity; strictly, one allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or kinswoman. Relative (n.) A relative pronoun; a word which relates to, or represents, another word or phrase, called its antecedent; as, the relatives "who", "which", "that". Relatively (adv.) In a relative manner; in relation or respect to something else; not absolutely. Relativeness (n.) The state of being relative, or having relation; relativity. Relativity (n.) The state of being relative; as, the relativity of a subject. Relator (n.) One who relates; a relater. Relator (n.) A private person at whose relation, or in whose behalf, the attorney-general allows an information in the nature of a quo warranto to be filed. Relatrix (n.) A female relator. Relaxed (imp. & p. p.) of Relax Relaxing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relax Relax (n.) To make lax or loose; to make less close, firm, rigid, tense, or the like; to slacken; to loosen; to open; as, to relax a rope or cord; to relax the muscles or sinews. Relax (n.) To make less severe or rigorous; to abate the stringency of; to remit in respect to strenuousness, earnestness, or effort; as, to relax discipline; to relax one's attention or endeavors. Relax (n.) Hence, to relieve from attention or effort; to ease; to recreate; to divert; as, amusement relaxes the mind. Relax (n.) To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to open; as, an aperient relaxes the bowels. Relax (v. i.) To become lax, weak, or loose; as, to let one's grasp relax. Relax (v. i.) To abate in severity; to become less rigorous. Relax (v. i.) To remit attention or effort; to become less diligent; to unbend; as, to relax in study. Relax (n.) Relaxation. Relax (a.) Relaxed; lax; hence, remiss; careless. Relaxable (a.) Capable of being relaxed. Relaxant (n.) A medicine that relaxes; a laxative. Relaxation (n.) The act or process of relaxing, or the state of being relaxed; as, relaxation of the muscles; relaxation of a law. Relaxation (n.) Remission from attention and effort; indulgence in recreation, diversion, or amusement. Relaxative (a.) Having the quality of relaxing; laxative. Relaxative (n.) A relaxant. Relaid (imp. & p. p.) of Relay Relaying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relay Relay (v. t.) To lay again; to lay a second time; as, to relay a pavement. Relay (n.) A supply of anything arranged beforehand for affording relief from time to time, or at successive stages; provision for successive relief. Relay (n.) A supply of horses placced at stations to be in readiness to relieve others, so that a trveler may proceed without delay. Relay (n.) A supply of hunting dogs or horses kept in readiness at certain places to relive the tired dogs or horses, and to continue the pursuit of the game if it comes that way. Relay (n.) A number of men who relieve others in carrying on some work. Relay (n.) In various forms of telegraphic apparatus, a magnet which receives the circuit current, and is caused by it to bring into into action the power of a local battery for performing the work of making the record; also, a similar device by which the current in one circuit is made to open or close another circuit in which a current is passing. Relbun (n.) The roots of the Chilian plant Calceolaria arachnoidea, -- used for dyeing crimson. Releasable (a.) That may be released. Release (v. t.) To lease again; to grant a new lease of; to let back. Released (imp. & p. p.) of Release Releasing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Release Release (n.) To let loose again; to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude; to give liberty to, or to set at liberty; to let go. Release (n.) To relieve from something that confines, burdens, or oppresses, as from pain, trouble, obligation, penalty. Release (n.) To let go, as a legal claim; to discharge or relinquish a right to, as lands or tenements, by conveying to another who has some right or estate in possession, as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant in possession; to quit. Release (n.) To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation of; as, to release an ordinance. Release (n.) The act of letting loose or freeing, or the state of being let loose or freed; liberation or discharge from restraint of any kind, as from confinement or bondage. Release (n.) Relief from care, pain, or any burden. Release (n.) Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as from debt, penalty, or claim of any kind; acquittance. Release (n.) A giving up or relinquishment of some right or claim; a conveyance of a man's right in lands or tenements to another who has some estate in possession; a quitclaim. Release (n.) The act of opening the exhaust port to allow the steam to escape. Releasee (n.) One to whom a release is given. Releasement (n.) The act of releasing, as from confinement or obligation. Releaser (n.) One who releases, or sets free. Releasor (n.) One by whom a release is given. Relegated (imp. & p. p.) of Relegate Relegating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relegate Relegate (v. t.) To remove, usually to an inferior position; to consign; to transfer; specifically, to send into exile; to banish. Relegation (n.) The act of relegating, or the state of being relegated; removal; banishment; exile. Relented (imp. & p. p.) of Relent Relenting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relent Relent (v. i.) To become less rigid or hard; to yield; to dissolve; to melt; to deliquesce. Relent (v. i.) To become less severe or intense; to become less hard, harsh, cruel, or the like; to soften in temper; to become more mild and tender; to feel compassion. Relent (v. t.) To slacken; to abate. Relent (v. t.) To soften; to dissolve. Relent (v. t.) To mollify ; to cause to be less harsh or severe. Relent (n.) Stay; stop; delay. Relentless (a.) Unmoved by appeals for sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness; unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying; as, a prey to relentless despotism. Relentment (n.) The act or process of relenting; the state of having relented. Relesse (v. t.) To release. Relessee (n.) See Releasee. Relessor (n.) See Releasor. Re-let (v. t.) To let anew, as a house. Relevance (n.) Alt. of Relevancy Relevancy (n.) The quality or state of being relevant; pertinency; applicability. Relevancy (n.) Sufficiency to infer the conclusion. Relevant (a.) Relieving; lending aid or support. Relevant (a.) Bearing upon, or properly applying to, the case in hand; pertinent; applicable. Relevant (a.) Sufficient to support the cause. Relevantly (adv.) In a relevant manner. Relevation (n.) A raising or lifting up. Reliability (n.) The state or quality of being reliable; reliableness. Reliable (a.) Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependance or reliance; trustworthy. Reliance (n.) The act of relying, or the condition or quality of being reliant; dependence; confidence; trust; repose of mind upon what is deemed sufficient support or authority. Reliance (n.) Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of trust; as, the boat was a poor reliance. Reliant (a.) Having, or characterized by, reliance; confident; trusting. Relic (n.) That which remains; that which is left after loss or decay; a remaining portion; a remnant. Relic (n.) The body from which the soul has departed; a corpse; especially, the body, or some part of the body, of a deceased saint or martyr; -- usually in the plural when referring to the whole body. Relic (n.) Hence, a memorial; anything preserved in remembrance; as, relics of youthful days or friendships. Relicly (adv.) In the manner of relics. Relict (n.) A woman whose husband is dead; a widow. Relicted (a.) Left uncovered, as land by recession of water. Reliction (n.) A leaving dry; a recession of the sea or other water, leaving dry land; land left uncovered by such recession. Relief (n.) The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; the removal, or partial removal, of any evil, or of anything oppressive or burdensome, by which some ease is obtained; succor; alleviation; comfort; ease; redress. Relief (n.) Release from a post, or from the performance of duty, by the intervention of others, by discharge, or by relay; as, a relief of a sentry. Relief (n.) That which removes or lessens evil, pain, discomfort, uneasiness, etc.; that which gives succor, aid, or comfort; also, the person who relieves from performance of duty by taking the place of another; a relay. Relief (n.) A fine or composition which the heir of a deceased tenant paid to the lord for the privilege of taking up the estate, which, on strict feudal principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the tenant. Relief (n.) The projection of a figure above the ground or plane on which it is formed. Relief (n.) The appearance of projection given by shading, shadow, etc., to any figure. Relief (n.) The height to which works are raised above the bottom of the ditch. Relief (n.) The elevations and surface undulations of a country. Reliefful (a.) Giving relief. Reliefless (a.) Destitute of relief; also, remediless. Relier (n.) One who relies. Relievable (a.) Capable of being relieved; fitted to recieve relief. Relieved (imp. & p. p.) of Relieve Relieving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relieve Relieve (v. t.) To lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to cause to rise. Relieve (v. t.) To cause to seem to rise; to put in relief; to give prominence or conspicuousness to; to set off by contrast. Relieve (v. t.) To raise up something in; to introduce a contrast or variety into; to remove the monotony or sameness of. Relieve (v. t.) To raise or remove, as anything which depresses, weighs down, or crushes; to render less burdensome or afflicting; to alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; to lessen; as, to relieve pain; to relieve the wants of the poor. Relieve (v. t.) To free, wholly or partly, from any burden, trial, evil, distress, or the like; to give ease, comfort, or consolation to; to give aid, help, or succor to; to support, strengthen, or deliver; as, to relieve a besieged town. Relieve (v. t.) To release from a post, station, or duty; to put another in place of, or to take the place of, in the bearing of any burden, or discharge of any duty. Relieve (v. t.) To ease of any imposition, burden, wrong, or oppression, by judicial or legislative interposition, as by the removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses, or the like; to right. Relievement (n.) The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; relief; release. Reliever (n.) One who, or that which, relieves. Relieving (a.) Serving or tending to relieve. Relievo (n.) See Relief, n., 5. Relight (v. t.) To light or kindle anew. Religieuse (n. m.) Alt. of Religieux Religieux (n. m.) A person bound by monastic vows; a nun; a monk. Religion (n.) The outward act or form by which men indicate their recognition of the existence of a god or of gods having power over their destiny, to whom obedience, service, and honor are due; the feeling or expression of human love, fear, or awe of some superhuman and overruling power, whether by profession of belief, by observance of rites and ceremonies, or by the conduct of life; a system of faith and worship; a manifestation of piety; as, ethical religions; monotheistic religions; natural religion; revealed religion; the religion of the Jews; the religion of idol worshipers. Religion (n.) Specifically, conformity in faith and life to the precepts inculcated in the Bible, respecting the conduct of life and duty toward God and man; the Christian faith and practice. Religion (n.) A monastic or religious order subject to a regulated mode of life; the religious state; as, to enter religion. Religion (n.) Strictness of fidelity in conforming to any practice, as if it were an enjoined rule of conduct. Religionary (a.) Relating to religion; pious; as, religionary professions. Religionary (n.) Alt. of Religioner Religioner (n.) A religionist. Religionism (n.) The practice of, or devotion to, religion. Religionism (n.) Affectation or pretense of religion. Religionist (n.) One earnestly devoted or attached to a religion; a religious zealot. Religionize (v. t.) To bring under the influence of religion. Religionless (a.) Destitute of religion. Religiosity (n.) The quality of being religious; religious feeling or sentiment; religiousness. Religious (a.) Of or pertaining to religion; concerned with religion; teaching, or setting forth, religion; set apart to religion; as, a religious society; a religious sect; a religious place; religious subjects, books, teachers, houses, wars. Religious (a.) Possessing, or conforming to, religion; pious; godly; as, a religious man, life, behavior, etc. Religious (a.) Scrupulously faithful or exact; strict. Religious (a.) Belonging to a religious order; bound by vows. Religious (n.) A person bound by monastic vows, or sequestered from secular concern, and devoted to a life of piety and religion; a monk or friar; a nun. Religiously (adv.) In a religious manner. Religiousness (n.) The quality of being religious. Relik (n.) Relic. Relinquent (a.) Relinquishing. Relinquent (n.) One who relinquishes. Relinquished (imp. & p. p.) of Relinquish Relinquishing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relinquish Relinquish (v. t.) To withdraw from; to leave behind; to desist from; to abandon; to quit; as, to relinquish a pursuit. Relinquish (v. t.) To give up; to renounce a claim to; resign; as, to relinquish a debt. Relinquisher (n.) One who relinquishes. Relinquishment (n.) The act of relinquishing. -ries (pl. ) of Reliquary Reliquary (n.) A depositary, often a small box or casket, in which relics are kept. Relique (n.) See Relic. Reliquiae (n. pl.) Remains of the dead; organic remains; relics. Reliquiae (n. pl.) Same as Induviae. Reliquian (a.) Of or pertaining to a relic or relics; of the nature of a relic. Reliquidate (v. t.) To liquidate anew; to adjust a second time. Reliquidation (n.) A second or renewed liquidation; a renewed adjustment. Relished (imp. & p. p.) of Relish Relishing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relish Relish (v. t.) To taste or eat with pleasure; to like the flavor of; to partake of with gratification; hence, to enjoy; to be pleased with or gratified by; to experience pleasure from; as, to relish food. Relish (v. t.) To give a relish to; to cause to taste agreeably. Relish (v. i.) To have a pleasing or appetizing taste; to give gratification; to have a flavor. Relish (n.) A pleasing taste; flavor that gratifies the palate; hence, enjoyable quality; power of pleasing. Relish (n.) Savor; quality; characteristic tinge. Relish (n.) A taste for; liking; appetite; fondness. Relish (n.) That which is used to impart a flavor; specifically, something taken with food to render it more palatable or to stimulate the appetite; a condiment. Relish (n.) The projection or shoulder at the side of, or around, a tenon, on a tenoned piece. Relishable (a.) Capable of being relished; agreeable to the taste; gratifying. Relive (v. i.) To live again; to revive. Relive (v. t.) To recall to life; to revive. Reload (v. t.) To load again, as a gun. Reloan (n.) A second lending of the same thing; a renewal of a loan. Relocate (v. t.) To locate again. Relocation (n.) A second location. Relocation (n.) Renewal of a lease. Relodge (v. t.) To lodge again. Relove (v. t.) To love in return. Relucent (a.) Reflecting light; shining; glittering; glistening; bright; luminous; splendid. Reluct (v. i.) To strive or struggle against anything; to make resistance; to draw back; to feel or show repugnance or reluctance. Reluctance (n.) Alt. of Reluctancy Reluctancy (n.) The state or quality of being reluctant; repugnance; aversion of mind; unwillingness; -- often followed by an infinitive, or by to and a noun, formerly sometimes by against. Reluctant (a.) Striving against; opposed in desire; unwilling; disinclined; loth. Reluctant (a.) Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with reluctance; as, reluctant obedience. Reluctantly (adv.) In a reluctant manner. Reluctate (v. i.) To struggle against anything; to resist; to oppose. Reluctation (n.) Repugnance; resistance; reluctance. Relumed (imp. & p. p.) of Relume Reluming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relume Relume (v. t.) To rekindle; to light again. Relumined (imp. & p. p.) of Relumine Relumining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Relumine Relumine (v. t.) To light anew; to rekindle. Relumine (v. t.) To illuminate again. Relied (imp. & p. p.) of Rely Relying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rely Rely (v. i.) To rest with confidence, as when fully satisfied of the veracity, integrity, or ability of persons, or of the certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence; to trust; to depend; -- with on, formerly also with in. Remade () imp. & p. p. of Remake. Remained (imp. & p. p.) of Remain Remaining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remain Remain (v. i.) To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left after others have been removed or destroyed; to be left after a number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as not included or comprised. Remain (v. i.) To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last. Remain (v. t.) To await; to be left to. Remain (n.) State of remaining; stay. Remain (n.) That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly in the plural. Remain (n.) That which is left of a human being after the life is gone; relics; a dead body. Remain (n.) The posthumous works or productions, esp. literary works, of one who is dead; as, Cecil's Remainder (n.) Anything that remains, or is left, after the separation and removal of a part; residue; remnant. Remainder (n.) The quantity or sum that is left after subtraction, or after any deduction. Remainder (n.) An estate in expectancy, generally in land, which becomes an estate in possession upon the determination of a particular prior estate, created at the same time, and by the same instrument; for example, if land be conveyed to A for life, and on his death to B, A's life interest is a particuar estate, and B's interest is a remainder, or estate in remainder. Remainder (a.) Remaining; left; left over; refuse. Remainder-men (pl. ) of Remainder-man Remainder-man (n.) One who has an estate after a particular estate is determined. See Remainder, n., 3. Remake (v. t.) To make anew. Remanded (imp. & p. p.) of Remand Remanding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remand Remand (v. t.) To recommit; to send back. Remand (n.) The act of remanding; the order for recommitment. Remandment (n.) A remand. Remanence (a.) Alt. of Remanency Remanency (a.) The state of being remanent; continuance; permanence. Remanent (a.) That which remains; a remnant; a residue. Remanent (a.) Remaining; residual. Remanet (n.) A case for trial which can not be tried during the term; a postponed case. Re-mark (v. t.) To mark again, or a second time; to mark anew. Remarked (imp. & p. p.) of Remark Remarking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remark Remark (n.) To mark in a notable manner; to distinquish clearly; to make noticeable or conspicuous; to piont out. Remark (n.) To take notice of, or to observe, mentally; as, to remark the manner of a speaker. Remark (n.) To express in words or writing, as observed or noticed; to state; to say; -- often with a substantive clause; as, he remarked that it was time to go. Remark (v. i.) To make a remark or remarks; to comment. Remark (n.) Act of remarking or attentively noticing; notice or observation. Remark (n.) The expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed; the mention of that which is worthy of attention or notice; hence, also, a casual observation, comment, or statement; as, a pertinent remark. Remarkable (a.) Worthy of being remarked or noticed; noticeable; conspicuous; hence, uncommon; extraordinary. Remarker (n.) One who remarks. Remarriage (n.) A second or repeated marriage. Remarry (v. t. & i.) To marry again. Remast (v. t.) To furnish with a new mast or set of masts. Remasticate (v. t.) To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over, as the cud. Remastication (n.) The act of masticating or chewing again or repeatedly. Remberge (n.) See Ramberge. Remblai (n.) Earth or materials made into a bank after having been excavated. Remble (v. t.) To remove. Reme (n.) Realm. Remean (v. t.) To give meaning to; to explain the meaning of; to interpret. Remeant (a.) Coming back; returning. Remeasure (v. t.) To measure again; to retrace. Remede (n.) Remedy. Remediable (a.) Capable of being remedied or cured. Remedial (a.) Affording a remedy; intended for a remedy, or for the removal or abatement of an evil; as, remedial treatment. Remedially (adv.) In a remedial manner. Remediate (a.) Remedial. Remediless (a.) Not admitting of a remedy; incapable of being restored or corrected; incurable; irreparable; as, a remediless mistake or loss. Remediless (a.) Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual. Remedies (pl. ) of Remedy Remedy (n.) That which relieves or cures a disease; any medicine or application which puts an end to disease and restores health; -- with for; as, a remedy for the gout. Remedy (n.) That which corrects or counteracts an evil of any kind; a corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; -- followed by for or against, formerly by to. Remedy (n.) The legal means to recover a right, or to obtain redress for a wrong. Remedied (imp. & p. p.) of Remedy Remedying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remedy Remedy (n.) To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to repair; to redress; to correct; to counteract. Remelt (v. t.) To melt again. Remembered (imp. & p. p.) of Remember Remembering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remember Remember (v. t.) To have ( a notion or idea) come into the mind again, as previously perceived, known, or felt; to have a renewed apprehension of; to bring to mind again; to think of again; to recollect; as, I remember the fact; he remembers the events of his childhood; I cannot remember dates. Remember (v. t.) To be capable of recalling when required; to keep in mind; to be continually aware or thoughtful of; to preserve fresh in the memory; to attend to; to think of with gratitude, affection, respect, or any other emotion. Remember (v. t.) To put in mind; to remind; -- also used reflexively and impersonally. Remember (v. t.) To mention. Remember (v. t.) To recall to the mind of another, as in the friendly messages, remember me to him, he wishes to be remembered to you, etc. Remember (v. i.) To execise or have the power of memory; as, some remember better than others. Rememberable (a.) Capable or worthy of being remembered. Rememberer (n.) One who remembers. Remembrance (n.) The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or bringing to mind; recollection. Remembrance (n.) The state of being remembered, or held in mind; memory; recollection. Remembrance (n.) Something remembered; a person or thing kept in memory. Remembrance (n.) That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a memorial; a token; a memento; a souvenir; a memorandum or note of something to be remembered. Remembrance (n.) Something to be remembered; counsel; admoni//on; instruction. Remembrance (n.) Power of remembering; reach of personal knowledge; period over which one's memory extends. Remembrancer (n.) One who, or that which, serves to bring to, or keep in, mind; a memento; a memorial; a reminder. Remembrancer (n.) A term applied in England to several officers, having various functions, their duty originally being to bring certain matters to the attention of the proper persons at the proper time. Rememorate (v. i.) To recall something by means of memory; to remember. Rememoration (n.) A recalling by the faculty of memory; remembrance. Rememorative (a.) Tending or serving to remind. Remenant (n.) A remnant. Remercie (v. t.) Alt. of Remercy Remercy (v. t.) To thank. Remerge (v. i.) To merge again. Remeve (v. t. & i.) Alt. of Remewe Remewe (v. t. & i.) To remove. Remiform (a.) Shaped like an oar. Remiges (n. pl.) The quill feathers of the wings of a bird. Remigrate (v. i.) To migrate again; to go back; to return. Remigration (n.) Migration back to the place from which one came. Remind (v. t.) To put (one) in mind of something; to bring to the remembrance of; to bring to the notice or consideration of (a person). Reminder (n.) One who, or that which, reminds; that which serves to awaken remembrance. Remindful (a.) Tending or adapted to remind; careful to remind. Reminiscence (n.) The act or power of recalling past experience; the state of being reminiscent; remembrance; memory. Reminiscence (n.) That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a statement or narration of remembered experience; a recollection; as, pleasing or painful reminiscences. Reminiscency (n.) Reminiscence. Reminiscent (a.) Recalling to mind, or capable of recalling to mind; having remembrance; reminding one of something. Reminiscent (n.) One who is addicted to indulging, narrating, or recording reminiscences. Reminiscential (a.) Of or pertaining to reminiscence, or remembrance. Remiped (a.) Having feet or legs that are used as oars; -- said of certain crustaceans and insects. Remiped (n.) An animal having limbs like oars, especially one of certain crustaceans. Remiped (n.) One of a group of aquatic beetles having tarsi adapted for swimming. See Water beetle. Remised (imp. & p. p.) of Remise Remising (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remise Remise (v. t.) To send, give, or grant back; to release a claim to; to resign or surrender by deed; to return. Remise (n.) A giving or granting back; surrender; return; release, as of a claim. Remiss (a.) Not energetic or exact in duty or business; not careful or prompt in fulfilling engagements; negligent; careless; tardy; behindhand; lagging; slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity; languid; slow. Remiss (n.) The act of being remiss; inefficiency; failure. Remissful (a.) Inclined to remit punishment; lenient; clement. Remissibility (n.) The state or quality of being remissible. Remissible (a.) Capable of being remitted or forgiven. Remission (n.) The act of remitting, surrendering, resigning, or giving up. Remission (n.) Discharge from that which is due; relinquishment of a claim, right, or obligation; pardon of transgression; release from forfeiture, penalty, debt, etc. Remission (n.) Diminution of intensity; abatement; relaxation. Remission (n.) A temporary and incomplete subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain, as destinguished from intermission, in which the disease completely leaves the patient for a time; abatement. Remission (n.) The act of sending back. Remission (n.) Act of sending in payment, as money; remittance. Remissive (a.) Remitting; forgiving; abating. Remissly (adv.) In a remiss or negligent manner; carelessly. Remissness (n.) Quality or state of being remiss. Remissory (a.) Serving or tending to remit, or to secure remission; remissive. Remitted (imp. & p. p.) of Remit Remitting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remit Remit (v. t.) To send back; to give up; to surrender; to resign. Remit (v. t.) To restore. Remit (v. t.) To transmit or send, esp. to a distance, as money in payment of a demand, account, draft, etc.; as, he remitted the amount by mail. Remit (v. t.) To send off or away; hence: (a) To refer or direct (one) for information, guidance, help, etc. "Remitting them . . . to the works of Galen." Sir T. Elyot. (b) To submit, refer, or leave (something) for judgment or decision. Remit (v. t.) To relax in intensity; to make less violent; to abate. Remit (v. t.) To forgive; to pardon; to remove. Remit (v. t.) To refrain from exacting or enforcing; as, to remit the performance of an obligation. Remit (v. i.) To abate in force or in violence; to grow less intense; to become moderated; to abate; to relax; as, a fever remits; the severity of the weather remits. Remit (v. i.) To send money, as in payment. Remitment (n.) The act of remitting, or the state of being remitted; remission. Remittal (n.) A remitting; a giving up; surrender; as, the remittal of the first fruits. Remittance (n.) The act of transmitting money, bills, or the like, esp. to a distant place, as in satisfaction of a demand, or in discharge of an obligation. Remittance (n.) The sum or thing remitted. Remittee (n.) One to whom a remittance is sent. Remittent (a.) Remitting; characterized by remission; having remissions. Remitter (n.) One who remits. Remitter (n.) One who pardons. Remitter (n.) One who makes remittance. Remitter (n.) The sending or placing back of a person to a title or right he had before; the restitution of one who obtains possession of property under a defective title, to his rights under some valid title by virtue of which he might legally have entered into possession only by suit. Remittitur (n.) A remission or surrender, -- remittitur damnut being a remission of excess of damages. Remittitur (n.) A sending back, as when a record is remitted by a superior to an inferior court. Remittor (n.) One who makes a remittance; a remitter. Remix (v. t.) To mix again or repeatedly. Remnant (a.) Remaining; yet left. Remnant (a.) That which remains after a part is removed, destroyed, used up, performed, etc.; residue. Remnant (a.) A small portion; a slight trace; a fragment; a little bit; a scrap. Remnant (a.) An unsold end of piece goods, as cloth, ribbons, carpets, etc. Remodel (v. t.) To model or fashion anew; to change the form of. Remodification (n.) The act of remodifying; the state of being remodified. Remodify (v. t.) To modify again or anew; to reshape. Remolade (n.) Alt. of Remoulad Remoulad (n.) A kind of piquant sauce or salad dressing resembling mayonnaise. Remold (v. t.) Alt. of Remould Remould (v. t.) To mold or shape anew or again; to reshape. Remollient (a.) Mollifying; softening. Remonetization (n.) The act of remonetizing. Remonetize (v. t.) To restore to use as money; as, to remonetize silver. Remonstrance (n.) The act of remonstrating Remonstrance (n.) A pointing out; manifestation; proof; demonstration. Remonstrance (n.) Earnest presentation of reason in opposition to something; protest; expostulation. Remonstrance (n.) Same as Monstrance. Remonstrant (a.) Inclined or tending to remonstrate; expostulatory; urging reasons in opposition to something. Remonstrant (n.) One who remonstrates Remonstrant (n.) one of the Arminians who remonstrated against the attacks of the Calvinists in 1610, but were subsequently condemned by the decisions of the Synod of Dort in 1618. See Arminian. Remonstrantly (adv.) In a remonstrant manner. Remonstrated (imp. & p. p.) of Remonstrate Remonstrating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remonstrate Remonstrate (v. t.) To point out; to show clearly; to make plain or manifest; hence, to prove; to demonstrate. Remonstrate (v. i.) To present and urge reasons in opposition to an act, measure, or any course of proceedings; to expostulate; as, to remonstrate with a person regarding his habits; to remonstrate against proposed taxation. Remonstration (n.) The act of remonstrating; remonstrance. Remonstrative (a.) Having the character of a remonstrance; expressing remonstrance. Remonstrator (n.) One who remonstrates; a remonsrant. Remontant (a.) Rising again; -- applied to a class of roses which bloom more than once in a season; the hybrid perpetual roses, of which the Jacqueminot is a well-known example. Remontoir (n.) See under Escapement. Remora (n.) Delay; obstacle; hindrance. Remora (n.) Any one of several species of fishes belonging to Echeneis, Remora, and allied genera. Called also sucking fish. Remora (n.) An instrument formerly in use, intended to retain parts in their places. Remorate (v. t.) To hinder; to delay. Remord (v. t.) To excite to remorse; to rebuke. Remord (v. i.) To feel remorse. Remordency (n.) Remorse; compunction; compassion. Remorse (n.) The anguish, like gnawing pain, excited by a sense of guilt; compunction of conscience for a crime committed, or for the sins of one's past life. Remorse (n.) Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion. Remorsed (a.) Feeling remorse. Remorseful (a.) Full of remorse. Remorseful (a.) Compassionate; feeling tenderly. Remorseful (a.) Exciting pity; pitiable. Remorseless (a.) Being without remorse; having no pity; hence, destitute of sensibility; cruel; insensible to distress; merciless. Remote (superl.) Removed to a distance; not near; far away; distant; -- said in respect to time or to place; as, remote ages; remote lands. Remote (superl.) Hence, removed; not agreeing, according, or being related; -- in various figurative uses. Remote (superl.) Not agreeing; alien; foreign. Remote (superl.) Not nearly related; not close; as, a remote connection or consanguinity. Remote (superl.) Separate; abstracted. Remote (superl.) Not proximate or acting directly; primary; distant. Remote (superl.) Not obvious or sriking; as, a remote resemblance. Remote (superl.) Separated by intervals greater than usual. Remotion (n.) The act of removing; removal. Remotion (n.) The state of being remote; remoteness. Remould (v. t.) See Remold. Remount (v. t. & i.) To mount again. Remount (n.) The opportunity of, or things necessary for, remounting; specifically, a fresh horse, with his equipments; as, to give one a remount. Removable (a.) Admitting of being removed. Removal (n.) The act of removing, or the state of being removed. Removed (imp. & p. p.) of Remove Removing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remove Remove (v. t.) To move away from the position occupied; to cause to change place; to displace; as, to remove a building. Remove (v. t.) To cause to leave a person or thing; to cause to cease to be; to take away; hence, to banish; to destroy; to put an end to; to kill; as, to remove a disease. Remove (v. t.) To dismiss or discharge from office; as, the President removed many postmasters. Remove (v. i.) To change place in any manner, or to make a change in place; to move or go from one residence, position, or place to another. Remove (n.) The act of removing; a removal. Remove (n.) The transfer of one's business, or of one's domestic belongings, from one location or dwelling house to another; -- in the United States usually called a move. Remove (n.) The state of being removed. Remove (n.) That which is removed, as a dish removed from table to make room for something else. Remove (n.) The distance or space through which anything is removed; interval; distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in any scale of gradation; specifically, a division in an English public school; as, the boy went up two removes last year. Remove (n.) The act of resetting a horse's shoe. Removed (a.) Changed in place. Removed (a.) Dismissed from office. Removed (a.) Distant in location; remote. Removed (a.) Distant by degrees in relationship; as, a cousin once removed. Remover (n.) One who removes; as, a remover of landmarks. Remuable (a.) That may be removed; removable. Remue (v. t.) To remove. Remugient (a.) Rebellowing. Remunerable (a.) Admitting, or worthy, of remuneration. Remunerated (imp. & p. p.) of Remunerate Remunerating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Remunerate Remunerate (v. t.) To pay an equivalent to for any service, loss, expense, or other sacrifice; to recompense; to requite; as, to remunerate men for labor. Remuneration (n.) The act of remunerating. Remuneration (n.) That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent given, as for services, loss, or sufferings. Remunerative (a.) Affording remuneration; as, a remunerative payment for services; a remunerative business. Remuneratory (a.) Remunerative. Remurmur (v. t. & i.) To murmur again; to utter back, or reply, in murmurs. Ren (v. t. & i.) See Renne. Ren (n.) A run. Renable (a.) Reasonable; also, loquacious. Renaissance (n.) A new birth, or revival. Renaissance (n.) The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival following in other countries. Renaissance (n.) The style of art which prevailed at this epoch. Renaissant (a.) Of or pertaining to the Renaissance. Renal (a.) Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the region of the kidneys. Renal-portal (a.) Both renal and portal. See Portal. Rename (v. t.) To give a new name to. Renard (n.) A fox; -- so called in fables or familiar tales, and in poetry. Renardine (a.) Of or pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales in which Renard is mentioned. Renascence (n.) The state of being renascent. Renascence (n.) Same as Renaissance. Renascency (n.) State of being renascent. Renascent (a.) Springing or rising again into being; being born again, or reproduced. Renascent (a.) See Renaissant. Renascible (a.) Capable of being reproduced; ablle to spring again into being. Renate (a.) Born again; regenerate; renewed. Renavigate (v. t.) To navigate again. Renay (v. t.) To deny; to disown. Rencontre (n.) Same as Rencounter, n. Rencountered (imp. & p. p.) of Rencounter Rencountering (p. pr. & vb/ n.) of Rencounter Rencounter (v. t.) To meet unexpectedly; to encounter. Rencounter (v. t.) To attack hand to hand. Rencounter (v. i.) To meet unexpectedly; to encounter in a hostile manner; to come in collision; to skirmish. Rencounter (n.) A meeting of two persons or bodies; a collision; especially, a meeting in opposition or contest; a combat, action, or engagement. Rencounter (n.) A causal combat or action; a sudden contest or fight without premeditation, as between individuals or small parties. Rent (imp. & p. p.) of Rend Rending (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rend Rend (v. t.) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; to burst; as, powder rends a rock in blasting; lightning rends an oak. Rend (v. t.) To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force. Rend (v. i.) To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split. Render (n.) One who rends. Rendered (imp. & p. p.) of Render Rendering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Render Render (v. t.) To return; to pay back; to restore. Render (v. t.) To inflict, as a retribution; to requite. Render (v. t.) To give up; to yield; to surrender. Render (v. t.) Hence, to furnish; to contribute. Render (v. t.) To furnish; to state; to deliver; as, to render an account; to render judgment. Render (v. t.) To cause to be, or to become; as, to render a person more safe or more unsafe; to render a fortress secure. Render (v. t.) To translate from one language into another; as, to render Latin into English. Render (v. t.) To interpret; to set forth, represent, or exhibit; as, an actor renders his part poorly; a singer renders a passage of music with great effect; a painter renders a scene in a felicitous manner. Render (v. t.) To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.) from fatty animal substances; as, to render tallow. Render (v. t.) To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the use of lath. Render (v. i.) To give an account; to make explanation or confession. Render (v. i.) To pass; to run; -- said of the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.; as, a rope renders well, that is, passes freely; also, to yield or give way. Render (n.) A surrender. Render (n.) A return; a payment of rent. Render (n.) An account given; a statement. Renderable (a.) Capable of being rendered. Renderer (n.) One who renders. Renderer (n.) A vessel in which lard or tallow, etc., is rendered. Rendering (n.) The act of one who renders, or that which is rendered. Rendering (n.) A version; translation; as, the rendering of the Hebrew text. Rendering (n.) In art, the presentation, expression, or interpretation of an idea, theme, or part. Rendering (n.) The act of laying the first coat of plaster on brickwork or stonework. Rendering (n.) The coat of plaster thus laid on. Rendering (n.) The process of trying out or extracting lard, tallow, etc., from animal fat. Rendezvouses (pl. ) of Rendezvous Rendezvous (n.) A place appointed for a meeting, or at which persons customarily meet. Rendezvous (n.) Especially, the appointed place for troops, or for the ships of a fleet, to assemble; also, a place for enlistment. Rendezvous (n.) A meeting by appointment. Rendezvous (n.) Retreat; refuge. Rendezvoused (imp. &. p. p.) of Rendezvous Rendezvousing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rendezvous Rendezvous (v. i.) To assemble or meet at a particular place. Rendezvous (v. t.) To bring together at a certain place; to cause to be assembled. Rendible (a.) Capable of being rent or torn. Rendible (a.) Capable, or admitting, of being rendered. Rendition (n.) The act of rendering; especially, the act of surrender, as of fugitives from justice, at the claim of a foreign government; also, surrender in war. Rendition (n.) Translation; rendering; version. Rendrock (n.) A kind of dynamite used in blasting. Renegade (n.) One faithless to principle or party. Renegade (n.) An apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious faith. Renegade (n.) One who deserts from a military or naval post; a deserter. Renegade (n.) A common vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow. Renegado (n.) See Renegade. Renegat (n.) A renegade. Renegation (n.) A denial. Renege (v. t.) To deny; to disown. Renege (v. i.) To deny. Renege (v. i.) To revoke. Renerve (v. t.) To nerve again; to give new vigor to; to reinvigorate. Reneved (imp. & p. p.) of Renew Renewing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Renew Renew (v. t.) To make new again; to restore to freshness, perfection, or vigor; to give new life to; to rejuvenate; to re/stablish; to recreate; to rebuild. Renew (v. t.) Specifically, to substitute for (an old obligation or right) a new one of the same nature; to continue in force; to make again; as, to renew a lease, note, or patent. Renew (v. t.) To begin again; to recommence. Renew (v. t.) To repeat; to go over again. Renew (v. t.) To make new spiritually; to regenerate. Renew (v. i.) To become new, or as new; to grow or begin again. Renewability (n.) The quality or state of being renewable. Renewable (a.) Capable of being renewed; as, a lease renewable at pleasure. Renewal (n.) The act of renewing, or the state of being renewed; as, the renewal of a treaty. Renewedly (adv.) Again; once more. Renewedness (n.) The state of being renewed. Renewer (n.) One who, or that which, renews. Reneye (v. t.) To deny; to reject; to renounce. Reng (n.) A rank; a row. Reng (n.) A rung or round of a ladder. Renidification (n.) The act of rebuilding a nest. Reniform (a.) Having the form or shape of a kidney; as, a reniform mineral; a reniform leaf. Renitence (n.) Alt. of Renitency Renitency (n.) The state or quality of being renitent; resistance; reluctance. Renitent (a.) Resisting pressure or the effect of it; acting against impulse by elastic force. Renitent (a.) Persistently opposed. Renne (v. t.) To plunder; -- only in the phrase "to rape and renne." See under Rap, v. t., to snatch. Renne (v. i.) To run. Renner (n.) A runner. Rennet (n.) A name of many different kinds of apples. Cf. Reinette. Rennet (v.) The inner, or mucous, membrane of the fourth stomach of the calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or preparation of it, used for coagulating milk. Renneted (a.) Provided or treated with rennet. Renneting (n.) Same as 1st Rennet. Rennin (n.) A milk-clotting enzyme obtained from the true stomach (abomasum) of a suckling calf. Mol. wt. about 31,000. Also called chymosin, rennase, and abomasal enzyme. Renning (n.) See 2d Rennet. Renomee (n.) Renown. Renounced (imp. & p. p.) of Renounce Renouncing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Renounce Renounce (v. t.) To declare against; to reject or decline formally; to refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to one; to disclaim; as, to renounce a title to land or to a throne. Renounce (v. t.) To cast off or reject deliberately; to disown; to dismiss; to forswear. Renounce (v. t.) To disclaim having a card of (the suit led) by playing a card of another suit. Renounce (v. i.) To make renunciation. Renounce (v. i.) To decline formally, as an executor or a person entitled to letters of administration, to take out probate or letters. Renounce (n.) Act of renouncing. Renouncement (n.) The act of disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation. Renouncer (n.) One who renounces. Renovate (v. t.) To make over again; to restore to freshness or vigor; to renew. Renovation (n.) The act or process of renovating; the state of being renovated or renewed. Renovator (n.) One who, or that which, renovates. Renovel (v. t.) To renew; to renovate. Renovelance (n.) Renewal. Renowme (n.) Renown. Renowmed (a.) Renowned. Renown (v.) The state of being much known and talked of; exalted reputation derived from the extensive praise of great achievements or accomplishments; fame; celebrity; -- always in a good sense. Renown (v.) Report of nobleness or exploits; praise. Renown (v. t.) To make famous; to give renown to. Renowned (a.) Famous; celebrated for great achievements, for distinguished qualities, or for grandeur; eminent; as, a renowned king. Renownedly (adv.) With renown. Renowner (n.) One who gives renown. Renownful (a.) Having great renown; famous. Renownless (a.) Without renown; inglorius. Rensselaerite (n.) A soft, compact variety of talc,, being an altered pyroxene. It is often worked in a lathe into inkstands and other articles. Rent (v. i.) To rant. Rent () imp. & p. p. of Rend. Rent (n.) An opening made by rending; a break or breach made by force; a tear. Rent (n.) Figuratively, a schism; a rupture of harmony; a separation; as, a rent in the church. Rent (v. t.) To tear. See Rend. Rent (n.) Income; revenue. See Catel. Rent (n.) Pay; reward; share; toll. Rent (n.) A certain periodical profit, whether in money, provisions, chattels, or labor, issuing out of lands and tenements in payment for the use; commonly, a certain pecuniary sum agreed upon between a tenant and his landlord, paid at fixed intervals by the lessee to the lessor, for the use of land or its appendages; as, rent for a farm, a house, a park, etc. Rented (imp. & p. p.) of Rent Renting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rent Rent (n.) To grant the possession and enjoyment of, for a rent; to lease; as, the owwner of an estate or house rents it. Rent (n.) To take and hold under an agreement to pay rent; as, the tennant rents an estate of the owner. Rent (v. i.) To be leased, or let for rent; as, an estate rents for five hundred dollars a year. Rentable (a.) Capable of being rented, or suitable for renting. Rentage (n.) Rent. Rental (n.) A schedule, account, or list of rents, with the names of the tenants, etc.; a rent roll. Rental (n.) A sum total of rents; as, an estate that yields a rental of ten thousand dollars a year. Rente (n.) In France, interest payable by government on indebtedness; the bonds, shares, stocks, etc., which represent government indebtedness. Renter (n.) One who rents or leases an estate; -- usually said of a lessee or tenant. Rentered (imp. & p. p.) of Renter Rentering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Renter Renter (v. t.) To sew together so that the seam is scarcely visible; to sew up with skill and nicety; to finedraw. Renter (v. t.) To restore the original design of, by working in new warp; -- said with reference to tapestry. Renterer (n.) One who renters. Rentier (n.) One who has a fixed income, as from lands, stocks, or the like. Renumerate (v. t.) To recount. Renunciation (n.) The act of renouncing. Renunciation (n.) Formal declination to take out letters of administration, or to assume an office, privilege, or right. Renunciatory (a.) Pertaining to renunciation; containing or declaring a renunciation; as, renunciatory vows. Renverse (v. t.) To reverse. Renverse (a.) Alt. of Renverse Renverse (a.) Reversed; set with the head downward; turned contrary to the natural position. Renversement (n.) A reversing. Renvoy (v. t.) To send back. Renvoy (n.) A sending back. Reobtain (v. t.) To obtain again. Reobtainable (a.) That may be reobtained. Reoccupy (v. t.) To occupy again. Reometer (n.) Same as Rheometer. Reopen (v. t. & i.) To open again. Reoppose (v. t.) To oppose again. Reordain (v. t.) To ordain again, as when the first ordination is considered defective. Reorder (v. t.) To order a second time. Reordination (n.) A second ordination. Reorganization (n.) The act of reorganizing; a reorganized existence; as, reorganization of the troops. Reorganize (v. t. & i.) To organize again or anew; as, to reorganize a society or an army. Reorient (a.) Rising again. Reostat (n.) See Rheostat. Reotrope (n.) See Rheotrope. Rep (n.) A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and having a transversely corded or ribbed surface. Rep (a.) Formed with a surface closely corded, or ribbed transversely; -- applied to textile fabrics of silk or wool; as, rep silk. Repace (v. t.) To pace again; to walk over again in a contrary direction. Repacify (v. t.) To pacify again. Repack (v. t.) To pack a second time or anew; as, to repack beef; to repack a trunk. Repacker (n.) One who repacks. Repaganize (v. t.) To paganize anew; to bring back to paganism. Repaid () imp. & p. p. of Repay. Repaint (v. t.) To paint anew or again; as, to repaint a house; to repaint the ground of a picture. Repair (v. i.) To return. Repair (v. i.) To go; to betake one's self; to resort; ass, to repair to sanctuary for safety. Repair (n.) The act of repairing or resorting to a place. Repair (n.) Place to which one repairs; a haunt; a resort. Repaired (imp. & p. p.) of Repair Repairing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repair Repair (v. t.) To restore to a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation, or partial destruction; to renew; to restore; to mend; as, to repair a house, a road, a shoe, or a ship; to repair a shattered fortune. Repair (v. t.) To make amends for, as for an injury, by an equivalent; to indemnify for; as, to repair a loss or damage. Repair (n.) Restoration to a sound or good state after decay, waste, injury, or partial restruction; supply of loss; reparation; as, materials are collected for the repair of a church or of a city. Repair (n.) Condition with respect to soundness, perfectness, etc.; as, a house in good, or bad, repair; the book is out of repair. Repairable (a.) Reparable. Repairer (n.) One who, or that which, repairs, restores, or makes amends. Repairment (n.) Act of repairing. Repand (a.) Having a slightly undulating margin; -- said of leaves. Reparability (n.) The quality or state of being reparable. Reparable (a.) Capable of being repaired, restored to a sound or good state, or made good; restorable; as, a reparable injury. Reparably (adv.) In a reparable manner. Reparation (n.) The act of renewing, restoring, etc., or the state of being renewed or repaired; as, the reparation of a bridge or of a highway; -- in this sense, repair is oftener used. Reparation (n.) The act of making amends or giving satisfaction or compensation for a wrong, injury, etc.; also, the thing done or given; amends; satisfaction; indemnity. Reparative (a.) Repairing, or tending to repair. Reparative (n.) That which repairs. Reparel (n.) A change of apparel; a second or different suit. Repartee (n.) A smart, ready, and witty reply. Reparteed (imp. & p. p.) of Repartee Reparteeing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repartee Repartee (v. i.) To make smart and witty replies. Repartimiento (n.) A partition or distribution, especially of slaves; also, an assessment of taxes. Repartotion (n.) Another, or an additional, separation into parts. Repass (v. t.) To pass again; to pass or travel over in the opposite direction; to pass a second time; as, to repass a bridge or a river; to repass the sea. Repass (v. i.) To pass or go back; to move back; as, troops passing and repassing before our eyes. Repassage (n.) The act of repassing; passage back. Repassant (a.) Counterpassant. Repast (n.) The act of taking food. Repast (n.) That which is taken as food; a meal; figuratively, any refreshment. Repast (v. t. & i.) To supply food to; to feast; to take food. Repaster (n.) One who takes a repast. Repasture (n.) Food; entertainment. Repatriate (v. t.) To restore to one's own country. Repatriation (n.) Restoration to one's country. Repaid (imp. & p. p.) of Repay Repaying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repay Repay (v. t.) To pay back; to refund; as, to repay money borrowed or advanced. Repay (v. t.) To make return or requital for; to recompense; -- in a good or bad sense; as, to repay kindness; to repay an injury. Repay (v. t.) To pay anew, or a second time, as a debt. Repayable (a.) Capable of being, or proper to be , repaid; due; as, a loan repayable in ten days; services repayable in kind. Repayment (n.) The act of repaying; reimbursement. Repayment (n.) The money or other thing repaid. Repealed (imp. & p. p.) of Repeal Repealing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repeal Repeal (v. t.) To recall; to summon again, as persons. Repeal (v. t.) To recall, as a deed, will, law, or statute; to revoke; to rescind or abrogate by authority, as by act of the legislature; as, to repeal a law. Repeal (v. t.) To suppress; to repel. Repeal (n.) Recall, as from exile. Repeal (n.) Revocation; abrogation; as, the repeal of a statute; the repeal of a law or a usage. Repealability (n.) The quality or state of being repealable. Repealable (a.) Capable of being repealed. Repealer (n.) One who repeals; one who seeks a repeal; specifically, an advocate for the repeal of the Articles of Union between Great Britain and Ireland. Repealment (n.) Recall, as from banishment. Repeated (imp. & p. p.) of Repeat Repeating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repeat Repeat (v. t.) To go over again; to attempt, do, make, or utter again; to iterate; to recite; as, to repeat an effort, an order, or a poem. Repeat (v. t.) To make trial of again; to undergo or encounter again. Repeat (v. t.) To repay or refund (an excess received). Repeat (n.) The act of repeating; repetition. Repeat (n.) That which is repeated; as, the repeat of a pattern; that is, the repetition of the engraved figure on a roller by which an impression is produced (as in calico printing, etc.). Repeat (n.) A mark, or series of dots, placed before and after, or often only at the end of, a passage to be repeated in performance. Repeatedly (adv.) More than once; again and again; indefinitely. Repeater (n.) One who, or that which, repeats. Repeater (n.) A watch with a striking apparatus which, upon pressure of a spring, will indicate the time, usually in hours and quarters. Repeater (n.) A repeating firearm. Repeater (n.) An instrument for resending a telegraphic message automatically at an intermediate point. Repeater (n.) A person who votes more than once at an election. Repeater (n.) See Circulating decimal, under Decimal. Repeater (n.) A pennant used to indicate that a certain flag in a hoist of signal is duplicated. Repeating (a.) Doing the same thing over again; accomplishing a given result many times in succession; as, a repeating firearm; a repeating watch. Repedation (n.) A stepping or going back. Repelled (imp. & p. p.) of Repel Repelling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repel Repel (v. t.) To drive back; to force to return; to check the advance of; to repulse as, to repel an enemy or an assailant. Repel (v. t.) To resist or oppose effectually; as, to repel an assault, an encroachment, or an argument. Repel (v. i.) To act with force in opposition to force impressed; to exercise repulsion. Repellence (n.) Alt. of Repellency Repellency (n.) The principle of repulsion; the quality or capacity of repelling; repulsion. Repellent (a.) Driving back; able or tending to repel. Repellent (n.) That which repels. Repellent (n.) A remedy to repel from a tumefied part the fluids which render it tumid. Repellent (n.) A kind of waterproof cloth. Repeller (n.) One who, or that which, repels. Repent (a.) Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems. Repent (a.) Same as Reptant. Repented (imp. & p. p.) of Repent Repenting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repent Repent (v. i.) To feel pain, sorrow, or regret, for what one has done or omitted to do. Repent (v. i.) To change the mind, or the course of conduct, on account of regret or dissatisfaction. Repent (v. i.) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to love and practice sin. Repent (v. t.) To feel pain on account of; to remember with sorrow. Repent (v. t.) To feel regret or sorrow; -- used reflexively. Repent (v. t.) To cause to have sorrow or regret; -- used impersonally. Repentance (n.) The act of repenting, or the state of being penitent; sorrow for what one has done or omitted to do; especially, contrition for sin. Repentant (a.) Penitent; sorry for sin. Repentant (a.) Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; as, repentant tears; repentant ashes. Repentant (n.) One who repents, especially one who repents of sin; a penitent. Repentantly (adv.) In a repentant manner. Repenter (n.) One who repents. Repentingly (adv.) With repentance; penitently. Repentless (a.) Unrepentant. Repeople (v. t.) To people anew. Reperception (n.) The act of perceiving again; a repeated perception of the same object. Repercussed (imp. & p. p.) of Repercuss Repercussing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repercuss Repercuss (v. t.) To drive or beat back; hence, to reflect; to reverberate. Repercussion (n.) The act of driving back, or the state of being driven back; reflection; reverberation; as, the repercussion of sound. Repercussion (n.) Rapid reiteration of the same sound. Repercussion (n.) The subsidence of a tumor or eruption by the action of a repellent. Repercussion (n.) In a vaginal examination, the act of imparting through the uterine wall with the finger a shock to the fetus, so that it bounds upward, and falls back again against the examining finger. Repercussive (a.) Tending or able to repercuss; having the power of sending back; causing to reverberate. Repercussive (a.) Repellent. Repercussive (a.) Driven back; rebounding; reverberated. Repercussive (n.) A repellent. Repertitious (a.) Found; gained by finding. Repertoire (n.) A list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform. Repertory (n.) A place in which things are disposed in an orderly manner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of a book, a commonplace book, or the like. Repertory (n.) A treasury; a magazine; a storehouse. Repertory (n.) Same as Repertoire. Reperusal (n.) A second or repeated perusal. Reperuse (v. t.) To peruse again. Repetend (n.) That part of a circulating decimal which recurs continually, ad infinitum: -- sometimes indicated by a dot over the first and last figures; thus, in the circulating decimal .728328328 + (otherwise .7/8/), the repetend is 283. Repetition (n.) The act of repeating; a doing or saying again; iteration. Repetition (n.) Recital from memory; rehearsal. Repetition (n.) The act of repeating, singing, or playing, the same piece or part a second time; reiteration of a note. Repetition (n.) Reiteration, or repeating the same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience. Repetition (n.) The measurement of an angle by successive observations with a repeating instrument. Repetitional (a.) Alt. of Repetitionary Repetitionary (a.) Of the nature of, or containing, repetition. Repetitioner (n.) One who repeats. Repetitious (a.) Repeating; containing repetition. Repetitive (a.) Containing repetition; repeating. Repetitor (n.) A private instructor. Repine (v. i.) To fail; to wane. Repine (v. i.) To continue pining; to feel inward discontent which preys on the spirits; to indulge in envy or complaint; to murmur. Repine (n.) Vexation; mortification. Repiner (n.) One who repines. Repiningly (adv.) With repening or murmuring. Repkie (n.) Any edible sea urchin. Replace (v. t.) To place again; to restore to a former place, position, condition, or the like. Replace (v. t.) To refund; to repay; to restore; as, to replace a sum of money borrowed. Replace (v. t.) To supply or substitute an equivalent for; as, to replace a lost document. Replace (v. t.) To take the place of; to supply the want of; to fulfull the end or office of. Replace (v. t.) To put in a new or different place. Replaceability (n.) The quality, state, or degree of being replaceable. Replaceable (a.) Capable or admitting of being put back into a place. Replaceable (a.) Admitting of having its place supplied by a like thing or an equivalent; as, the lost book is replaceable. Replaceable (a.) Capable of being replaced (by), or of being exchanged (for); as, the hydrogen of acids is replaceable by metals or by basic radicals. Replacement (n.) The act of replacing. Replacement (n.) The removal of an edge or an angle by one or more planes. Replait (v. t.) To plait or fold again; to fold, as one part over another, again and again. Replant (v. t.) To plant again. Replantable (a.) That may be planted again. Replantation (n.) The act of planting again; a replanting. Replead (v. t. & i.) To plead again. Repleader (n.) A second pleading, or course of pleadings; also, the right of pleading again. Replenished (imp. & p. p.) of Replenish Replenishing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Replenish Replenish (v. t.) To fill again after having been diminished or emptied; to stock anew; hence, to fill completely; to cause to abound. Replenish (v. t.) To finish; to complete; to perfect. Replenish (v. i.) To recover former fullness. Replenisher (n.) One who replenishes. Replenishment (n.) The act of replenishing, or the state of being replenished. Replenishment (n.) That which replenishes; supply. Replete (a.) Filled again; completely filled; full; charged; abounding. Replete (v. t.) To fill completely, or to satiety. Repleteness (n.) The state of being replete. Repletion (n.) The state of being replete; superabundant fullness. Repletion (n.) Fullness of blood; plethora. Repletive (a.) Tending to make replete; filling. Repletory (a.) Repletive. Repleviable (a.) Capable of being replevied. Replevin (n.) A personal action which lies to recover possession of goods and chattle wrongfully taken or detained. Originally, it was a remedy peculiar to cases for wrongful distress, but it may generally now be brought in all cases of wrongful taking or detention. Replevin (n.) The writ by which goods and chattels are replevied. Replevin (v. t.) To replevy. Replevisable (a.) Repleviable. Replevied (imp. & p. p.) of Replevy Replevying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Replevy Replevy (v. t.) To take or get back, by a writ for that purpose (goods and chattels wrongfully taken or detained), upon giving security to try the right to them in a suit at law, and, if that should be determined against the plaintiff, to return the property replevied. Replevy (v. t.) To bail. Replevy (n.) Replevin. Replica (v. & n.) A copy of a work of art, as of a picture or statue, made by the maker of the original. Replica (v. & n.) Repetition. Replicant (n.) One who replies. Replicate (v. t.) To reply. Replicate (a.) Alt. of Replicated Replicated (a.) Folded over or backward; folded back upon itself; as, a replicate leaf or petal; a replicate margin of a shell. Replication (n.) An answer; a reply. Replication (n.) The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the defendant's plea. Replication (n.) Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo. Replication (n.) A repetition; a copy. Replier (n.) One who replies. Replum (n.) The framework of some pods, as the cress, which remains after the valves drop off. Replied (imp. & p. p.) of Reply Replying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reply Reply (v. i.) To make a return in words or writing; to respond; to answer. Reply (v. i.) To answer a defendant's plea. Reply (v. i.) Figuratively, to do something in return for something done; as, to reply to a signal; to reply to the fire of a battery. Reply (v. t.) To return for an answer. Replies (pl. ) of Reply Reply (v. i.) That which is said, written, or done in answer to what is said, written, or done by another; an answer; a response. Replyer (n.) See Replier. Repolish (v. t.) To polish again. Repone (v. t.) To replace. Repopulation (n.) The act of repeopling; act of furnishing with a population anew. Reported (imp. & p. p.) of Report Report (v. t.) To refer. Report (v. t.) To bring back, as an answer; to announce in return; to relate, as what has been discovered by a person sent to examine, explore, or investigate; as, a messenger reports to his employer what he has seen or ascertained; the committee reported progress. Report (v. t.) To give an account of; to relate; to tell; to circulate publicly, as a story; as, in the common phrase, it is reported. Report (v. t.) To give an official account or statement of; as, a treasurer reports the receipts and expenditures. Report (v. t.) To return or repeat, as sound; to echo. Report (v. t.) To return or present as the result of an examination or consideration of any matter officially referred; as, the committee reported the bill witth amendments, or reported a new bill, or reported the results of an inquiry. Report (v. t.) To make minutes of, as a speech, or the doings of a public body; to write down from the lips of a speaker. Report (v. t.) To write an account of for publication, as in a newspaper; as, to report a public celebration or a horse race. Report (v. t.) To make a statement of the conduct of, especially in an unfavorable sense; as, to report a servant to his employer. Report (v. i.) To make a report, or response, in respect of a matter inquired of, a duty enjoined, or information expected; as, the committee will report at twelve o'clock. Report (v. i.) To furnish in writing an account of a speech, the proceedings at a meeting, the particulars of an occurrence, etc., for publication. Report (v. i.) To present one's self, as to a superior officer, or to one to whom service is due, and to be in readiness for orders or to do service; also, to give information, as of one's address, condition, etc.; as, the officer reported to the general for duty; to report weekly by letter. Report (v. t.) That which is reported. Report (v. t.) An account or statement of the results of examination or inquiry made by request or direction; relation. Report (v. t.) A story or statement circulating by common talk; a rumor; hence, fame; repute; reputation. Report (v. t.) Sound; noise; as, the report of a pistol or cannon. Report (v. t.) An official statement of facts, verbal or written; especially, a statement in writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to his superiors; as, the reports of the heads af departments to Congress, of a master in chancery to the court, of committees to a legislative body, and the like. Report (v. t.) An account or statement of a judicial opinion or decision, or of case argued and determined in a court of law, chancery, etc.; also, in the plural, the volumes containing such reports; as, Coke's Reports. Report (v. t.) A sketch, or a fully written account, of a speech, debate, or the proceedings of a public meeting, legislative body, etc. Report (v. t.) Rapport; relation; connection; reference. Reportable (a.) Capable or admitting of being reported. Reportage (n.) SAme as Report. Reporter (n.) One who reports. Reporter (n.) An officer or person who makes authorized statements of law proceedings and decisions, or of legislative debates. Reporter (n.) One who reports speeches, the proceedings of public meetings, news, etc., for the newspapers. Reportingly (adv.) By report or common fame. Reportorial (a.) Of or pertaining to a reporter or reporters; as, the reportorial staff of a newspaper. Reposal (n.) The act or state of reposing; as, the reposal of a trust. Reposal (n.) That on which one reposes. Reposance (n.) Reliance. Reposed (imp. & p. p.) of Repose Reposing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repose Repose (v.) To cause to stop or to rest after motion; hence, to deposit; to lay down; to lodge; to reposit. Repose (v.) To lay at rest; to cause to be calm or quiet; to compose; to rest, -- often reflexive; as, to repose one's self on a couch. Repose (v.) To place, have, or rest; to set; to intrust. Repose (v. i.) To lie at rest; to rest. Repose (v. i.) Figuratively, to remain or abide restfully without anxiety or alarms. Repose (v. i.) To lie; to be supported; as, trap reposing on sand. Repose (v.) A lying at rest; sleep; rest; quiet. Repose (v.) Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from uneasiness; also, a composed manner or deportment. Repose (v.) A rest; a pause. Repose (v.) That harmony or moderation which affords rest for the eye; -- opposed to the scattering and division of a subject into too many unconnected parts, and also to anything which is overstrained; as, a painting may want repose. Reposed (a.) Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest. Reposeful (a.) Full of repose; quiet. Reposer (n.) One who reposes. Reposited (imp. & p. p.) of Reposit Repositing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reposit Reposit (v. t.) To cause to rest or stay; to lay away; to lodge, as for safety or preservation; to place; to store. Reposition (n.) The act of repositing; a laying up. Repositor (n.) An instrument employed for replacing a displaced organ or part. Repository (n.) A place where things are or may be reposited, or laid up, for safety or preservation; a depository. Repossess (v. t.) To possess again; as, to repossess the land. Repossession (n.) The act or the state of possessing again. Reposure (n.) Rest; quiet. Repour (v. t.) To pour again. Repousse (a.) Formed in relief, as a pattern on metal. Repousse (a.) Ornamented with patterns in relief made by pressing or hammering on the reverse side; -- said of thin metal, or of a vessel made of thin metal. Repousse (n.) Repousse work. Reprefe (n.) Reproof. Reprehended (imp. & p. p.) of Reprehend Reprehending (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprehend Reprehend (v. t.) To reprove or reprimand with a view of restraining, checking, or preventing; to make charge of fault against; to disapprove of; to chide; to blame; to censure. Reprehender (n.) One who reprehends. Reprehensible (a.) Worthy of reprehension; culpable; censurable; blamable. Reprehension (n.) Reproof; censure; blame; disapproval. Reprehensive (a.) Containing reprehension; conveying reproof. Reprehensory (a.) Containing reproof; reprehensive; as, reprehensory complaint. Re-present (v. t.) To present again; as, to re-present the points of an argument. Represent (v. t.) To present again or anew; to present by means of something standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to typify. Represent (v. t.) To portray by pictoral or plastic art; to delineate; as, to represent a landscape in a picture, a horse in bronze, and the like. Represent (v. t.) To portray by mimicry or action of any kind; to act the part or character of; to personate; as, to represent Hamlet. Represent (v. t.) To stand in the place of; to supply the place, perform the duties, exercise the rights, or receive the share, of; to speak and act with authority in behalf of; to act the part of (another); as, an heir represents his ancestor; an attorney represents his client in court; a member of Congress represents his district in Congress. Represent (v. t.) To exhibit to another mind in language; to show; to give one's own impressions and judgement of; to bring before the mind; to set forth; sometimes, to give an account of; to describe. Represent (v. t.) To serve as a sign or symbol of; as, mathematical symbols represent quantities or relations; words represent ideas or things. Represent (v. t.) To bring a sensation of into the mind or sensorium; to cause to be known, felt, or apprehended; to present. Represent (v. t.) To form or image again in consciousness, as an object of cognition or apprehension (something which was originally apprehended by direct presentation). See Presentative, 3. Representable (a.) Capable of being represented. Representance (n.) Representation; likeness. Representant (a.) Appearing or acting for another; representing. Representant (n.) A representative. Representation (n.) The act of representing, in any sense of the verb. Representation (n.) That which represents. Representation (n.) A likeness, a picture, or a model; as, a representation of the human face, or figure, and the like. Representation (n.) A dramatic performance; as, a theatrical representation; a representation of Hamlet. Representation (n.) A description or statement; as, the representation of an historian, of a witness, or an advocate. Representation (n.) The body of those who act as representatives of a community or society; as, the representation of a State in Congress. Representation (n.) Any collateral statement of fact, made orally or in writing, by which an estimate of the risk is affected, or either party is influenced. Representation (n.) The state of being represented. Re-presentation (n.) The act of re-presenting, or the state of being presented again; a new presentation; as, re-presentation of facts previously stated. Representationary (a.) Implying representation; representative. Representative (a.) Fitted to represent; exhibiting a similitude. Representative (a.) Bearing the character or power of another; acting for another or others; as, a council representative of the people. Representative (a.) Conducted by persons chosen to represent, or act as deputies for, the people; as, a representative government. Representative (a.) Serving or fitted to present the full characters of the type of a group; typical; as, a representative genus in a family. Representative (a.) Similar in general appearance, structure, and habits, but living in different regions; -- said of certain species and varieties. Representative (a.) Giving, or existing as, a transcript of what was originally presentative knowledge; as, representative faculties; representative knowledge. See Presentative, 3 and Represent, 8. Representative (n.) One who, or that which, represents (anything); that which exhibits a likeness or similitude. Representative (n.) An agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies the place of another, or others, being invested with his or their authority. Representative (n.) One who represents, or stands in the place of, another. Representative (n.) A member of the lower or popular house in a State legislature, or in the national Congress. Representative (n.) That which presents the full character of the type of a group. Representative (n.) A species or variety which, in any region, takes the place of a similar one in another region. Representatively (adv.) In a representative manner; vicariously. Representativeness (n.) The quality or state of being representative. Representer (n.) One who shows, exhibits, or describes. Representer (n.) A representative. Representment (n.) Representation. Repress (v. t.) To press again. Repress (v. t.) To press back or down effectually; to crush down or out; to quell; to subdue; to supress; as, to repress sedition or rebellion; to repress the first risings of discontent. Repress (v. t.) Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep back. Repress (n.) The act of repressing. Represser (n.) One who, or that which, represses. Repressible (a.) Capable of being repressed. Repression (n.) The act of repressing, or state of being repressed; as, the repression of evil and evil doers. Repression (n.) That which represses; check; restraint. Repressive (a.) Having power, or tending, to repress; as, repressive acts or measures. Reprevable (a.) Reprovable. Repreve (v. t.) To reprove. Repreve (n.) Reproof. Repriefe (n.) Repreve. Reprieval (n.) Reprieve. Reprieved (imp. & p. p.) of Reprieve Reprieving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprieve Reprieve (v. t.) To delay the punishment of; to suspend the execution of sentence on; to give a respite to; to respite; as, to reprieve a criminal for thirty days. Reprieve (v. t.) To relieve for a time, or temporarily. Reprieve (n.) A temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence, especially of a sentence of death. Reprieve (n.) Interval of ease or relief; respite. Reprimand (n.) Severe or formal reproof; reprehension, private or public. Reprimanded (imp. & p. p.) of Reprimand Reprimanding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprimand Reprimand (n.) To reprove severely; to reprehend; to chide for a fault; to consure formally. Reprimand (n.) To reprove publicly and officially, in execution of a sentence; as, the court ordered him to be reprimanded. Reprimander (n.) One who reprimands. Reprimer (n.) A machine or implement for applying fresh primers to spent cartridge shells, so that the shells be used again. Reprint (v. t.) To print again; to print a second or a new edition of. Reprint (v. t.) To renew the impression of. Reprint (n.) A second or a new impression or edition of any printed work; specifically, the publication in one country of a work previously published in another. Reprinter (n.) One who reprints. Reprisal (n.) The act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or indemnity. Reprisal (n.) Anything taken from an enemy in retaliation. Reprisal (n.) The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffering or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation for an act of inhumanity. Reprisal (n.) Any act of retaliation. Reprise (n.) A taking by way of retaliation. Reprise (n.) Deductions and duties paid yearly out of a manor and lands, as rent charge, rent seck, pensions, annuities, and the like. Reprise (n.) A ship recaptured from an enemy or from a pirate. Reprise (v. t.) To take again; to retake. Reprise (v. t.) To recompense; to pay. Repristinate (v. t.) To restore to an original state. Repristination (n.) Restoration to an original state; renewal of purity. Reprive (v. t.) To take back or away. Reprive (v. t.) To reprieve. Reprize (v. t.) See Reprise. Reprizes (n. pl.) See Reprise, n., 2. Reproached (imp. & p. p.) of Reproach Reproaching (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reproach Reproach (v. t.) To come back to, or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring shame or disgrace upon; to disgrace. Reproach (v. t.) To attribute blame to; to allege something disgraceful against; to charge with a fault; to censure severely or contemptuously; to upbraid. Reproach (v.) The act of reproaching; censure mingled with contempt; contumelious or opprobrious language toward any person; abusive reflections; as, severe reproach. Reproach (v.) A cause of blame or censure; shame; disgrace. Reproach (v.) An object of blame, censure, scorn, or derision. Reproachablr (a.) Deserving reproach; censurable. Reproachablr (a.) Opprobrius; scurrilous. Reproacher (n.) One who reproaches. Reproachful (a.) Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding; opprobrious; abusive. Reproachful (a.) Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base; as, a reproachful life. Reproachless (a.) Being without reproach. Reprobacy (n.) Reprobation. Reprobance (n.) Reprobation. Reprobate (a.) Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected. Reprobate (a.) Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally abandoned and lost; given up to vice; depraved. Reprobate (a.) Of or pertaining to one who is given up to wickedness; as, reprobate conduct. Reprobate (n.) One morally abandoned and lost. Reprobated (imp. & p. p.) of Reprobate Reprobating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprobate Reprobate (v. t.) To disapprove with detestation or marks of extreme dislike; to condemn as unworthy; to disallow; to reject. Reprobate (v. t.) To abandon to punishment without hope of pardon. Reprobateness (n.) The state of being reprobate. Reprobater (n.) One who reprobates. Reprobation (n.) The act of reprobating; the state of being reprobated; strong disapproval or censure. Reprobation (n.) The predestination of a certain number of the human race as reprobates, or objects of condemnation and punishment. Reprobationer (n.) One who believes in reprobation. See Reprobation, 2. Reprobative (a.) Of or pertaining to reprobation; expressing reprobation. Reprobatory (a.) Reprobative. Reproduce (v. t.) To produce again. Reproduce (v. t.) To bring forward again; as, to reproduce a witness; to reproduce charges; to reproduce a play. Reproduce (v. t.) To cause to exist again. Reproduce (v. t.) To produce again, by generation or the like; to cause the existence of (something of the same class, kind, or nature as another thing); to generate or beget, as offspring; as, to reproduce a rose; some animals are reproduced by gemmation. Reproduce (v. t.) To make an image or other representation of; to portray; to cause to exist in the memory or imagination; to make a copy of; as, to reproduce a person's features in marble, or on canvas; to reproduce a design. Reproducer (n.) One who, or that which, reproduces. Reproduction (n.) The act or process of reproducing; the state of being reproduced Reproduction (n.) the process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring. Reproduction (n.) That which is reproduced. Reproductive (a.) Tending, or pertaining, to reproduction; employed in reproduction. Reproductory (a.) Reproductive. Reproof (n.) Refutation; confutation; contradiction. Reproof (n.) An expression of blame or censure; especially, blame expressed to the face; censure for a fault; chiding; reproach. Reprovable (a.) Worthy of reproof or censure. Re proval (n.) Reproof. Reproved (imp. & p. p.) of Reprove Reproving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reprove Reprove (v. t.) To convince. Reprove (v. t.) To disprove; to refute. Reprove (v. t.) To chide to the face as blameworthy; to accuse as guilty; to censure. Reprove (v. t.) To express disapprobation of; as, to reprove faults. Reprover (n.) One who, or that which, reproves. Reprovingly (adv.) In a reproving manner. Reprune (v. t.) To prune again or anew. Rep-silver (n.) Money anciently paid by servile tenants to their lord, in lieu of the customary service of reaping his corn or grain. Reptant (a.) Same as Repent. Reptant (a.) Creeping; crawling; -- said of reptiles, worms, etc. Reptantia (n. pl.) A division of gastropods; the Pectinibranchiata. Reptation (n.) The act of creeping. Reptatory (a.) Creeping. Reptile (a.) Creeping; moving on the belly, or by means of small and short legs. Reptile (a.) Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; as, a reptile race or crew; reptile vices. Reptile (n.) An animal that crawls, or moves on its belly, as snakes,, or by means of small, short legs, as lizards, and the like. Reptile (n.) One of the Reptilia, or one of the Amphibia. Reptile (n.) A groveling or very mean person. Reptilia (n. pl.) A class of air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually covered with scales or bony plates. The heart generally has two auricles and one ventricle. The development of the young is the same as that of birds. Reptilian (a.) Belonging to the reptiles. Reptilian (n.) One of the Reptilia; a reptile. Republic (a.) Common weal. Republic (a.) A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole body of the people, and is exercised by representatives elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. Democracy, 2. Republican (a.) Of or pertaining to a republic. Republican (a.) Consonant with the principles of a republic; as, republican sentiments or opinions; republican manners. Republican (n.) One who favors or prefers a republican form of government. Republican (n.) A member of the Republican party. Republican (n.) The American cliff swallow. The cliff swallows build their nests side by side, many together. Republican (n.) A South African weaver bird (Philetaerus socius). These weaver birds build many nests together, under a large rooflike shelter, which they make of straw. Republicanism (n.) A republican form or system of government; the principles or theory of republican government. Republicanism (n.) Attachment to, or political sympathy for, a republican form of government. Republicanism (n.) The principles and policy of the Republican party, so called Republicanized (imp. & p. p.) of Republicanize Republicanizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Republicanize Republicanize (v. t.) To change, as a state, into a republic; to republican principles; as, France was republicanized; to republicanize the rising generation. Republicate (v. t.) To make public again; to republish. Republication (n.) A second publication, or a new publication of something before published, as of a former will, of a volume already published, or the like; specifically, the publication in one country of a work first issued in another; a reprint. Republished (imp. & p. p.) of Republish Republishing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Republish Republish (v. t.) To publish anew; specifically, to publish in one country (a work first published in another); also, to revive (a will) by re/xecution or codicil. Republisher (n.) One who republishes. Repudiable (a.) Admitting of repudiation; fit or proper to be put away. Repudiated (imp. & p. p.) of Repudiate Repudiating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repudiate Repudiate (v. t.) To cast off; to disavow; to have nothing to do with; to renounce; to reject. Repudiate (v. t.) To divorce, put away, or discard, as a wife, or a woman one has promised to marry. Repudiate (v. t.) To refuse to acknowledge or to pay; to disclaim; as, the State has repudiated its debts. Repudiation (n.) The act of repudiating, or the state of being repuddiated; as, the repudiation of a doctrine, a wife, a debt, etc. Repudiation (n.) One who favors repudiation, especially of a public debt. Repudiator (n.) One who repudiates. Repugn (v. t.) To fight against; to oppose; to resist. Repugnable (a.) Capable of being repugned or resisted. Repugnance (n.) Alt. of Repugnancy Repugnancy (n.) The state or condition of being repugnant; opposition; contrariety; especially, a strong instinctive antagonism; aversion; reluctance; unwillingness, as of mind, passions, principles, qualities, and the like. Repugnant (a.) Disposed to fight against; hostile; at war with; being at variance; contrary; inconsistent; refractory; disobedient; also, distasteful in a high degree; offensive; -- usually followed by to, rarely and less properly by with; as, all rudeness was repugnant to her nature. Repugnantly (adv.) In a repugnant manner. Repugnate (v. t.) To oppose; to fight against. Repugner (n.) One who repugns. Repullulate (v. i.) To bud again. Repullulation (n.) The act of budding again; the state of having budded again. Repulsed (imp. & p. p.) of Repulse Repulsing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repulse Repulse (v. t.) To repel; to beat or drive back; as, to repulse an assault; to repulse the enemy. Repulse (v. t.) To repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial; to reject; to send away; as, to repulse a suitor or a proffer. Repulse (n.) The act of repelling or driving back; also, the state of being repelled or driven back. Repulse (n.) Figuratively: Refusal; denial; rejection; failure. Repulseless (a.) Not capable of being repulsed. Repulser (n.) One who repulses, or drives back. Repulsion (n.) The act of repulsing or repelling, or the state of being repulsed or repelled. Repulsion (n.) A feeling of violent offence or disgust; repugnance. Repulsion (n.) The power, either inherent or due to some physical action, by which bodies, or the particles of bodies, are made to recede from each other, or to resist each other's nearer approach; as, molecular repulsion; electrical repulsion. Repulsive (a.) Serving, or able, to repulse; repellent; as, a repulsive force. Repulsive (a.) Cold; forbidding; offensive; as, repulsive manners. Repulsory (a.) Repulsive; driving back. Repurchase (v. t.) To buy back or again; to regain by purchase. Repurchase (n.) The act of repurchasing. Repurify (v. t.) To purify again. Reputable (a.) Having, or worthy of, good repute; held in esteem; honorable; praiseworthy; as, a reputable man or character; reputable conduct. Reputation (v. t.) The estimation in which one is held; character in public opinion; the character attributed to a person, thing, or action; repute. Reputation (v. t.) The character imputed to a person in the community in which he lives. It is admissible in evidence when he puts his character in issue, or when such reputation is otherwise part of the issue of a case. Reputation (v. t.) Specifically: Good reputation; favorable regard; public esteem; general credit; good name. Reputation (v. t.) Account; value. Reputatively (adv.) By repute. Reputed (imp. & p. p.) of Repute Reputing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Repute Repute (v. t.) To hold in thought; to account; to estimate; to hold; to think; to reckon. Repute (n.) Character reputed or attributed; reputation, whether good or bad; established opinion; public estimate. Repute (n.) Specifically: Good character or reputation; credit or honor derived from common or public opinion; -- opposed to disrepute. Reputedly (adv.) In common opinion or estimation; by repute. Reputeless (a.) Not having good repute; disreputable; disgraceful; inglorius. Requere (v. t.) To require. Request (n.) The act of asking for anything desired; expression of desire or demand; solicitation; prayer; petition; entreaty. Request (n.) That which is asked for or requested. Request (n.) A state of being desired or held in such estimation as to be sought after or asked for; demand. Requested (imp. & p. p.) of Request Requesting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Request Request (v. t.) To ask for (something); to express desire ffor; to solicit; as, to request his presence, or a favor. Request (v. t.) To address with a request; to ask. Requester (n.) One who requests; a petitioner. Requicken (v. t.) To quicken anew; to reanimate; to give new life to. Requiem (n.) A mass said or sung for the repose of a departed soul. Requiem (n.) Any grand musical composition, performed in honor of a deceased person. Requiem (n.) Rest; quiet; peace. Requietory (n.) A sepulcher. Requin (n.) The man-eater, or white shark (Carcharodon carcharias); -- so called on account of its causing requiems to be sung. Requirable (a.) Capable of being required; proper to be required. Required (imp. & p. p.) of Require Requiring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Require Require (v. t.) To demand; to insist upon having; to claim as by right and authority; to exact; as, to require the surrender of property. Require (v. t.) To demand or exact as indispensable; to need. Require (v. t.) To ask as a favor; to request. Requirement (n.) The act of requiring; demand; requisition. Requirement (n.) That which is required; an imperative or authoritative command; an essential condition; something needed or necessary; a need. Requirer (n.) One who requires. Requisite (n.) That which is required, or is necessary; something indispensable. Requisite (a.) Required by the nature of things, or by circumstances; so needful that it can not be dispensed with; necessary; indispensable. Requisition (n.) The act of requiring, as of right; a demand or application made as by authority. Requisition (n.) A formal demand made by one state or government upon another for the surrender or extradition of a fugitive from justice. Requisition (n.) A notarial demand of a debt. Requisition (n.) A demand by the invader upon the people of an invaded country for supplies, as of provision, forage, transportation, etc. Requisition (n.) A formal application by one officer to another for things needed in the public service; as, a requisition for clothing, troops, or money. Requisition (n.) That which is required by authority; especially, a quota of supplies or necessaries. Requisition (n.) A written or normal call; an invitation; a summons; as, a reqisition for a public meeting. Requisition (v. t.) To make a reqisition on or for; as, to requisition a district for forage; to requisition troops. Requisition (v. t.) To present a requisition to; to summon request; as, to requisition a person to be a candidate. Requisitionist (n.) One who makes or signs a requisition. Requisitive (a.) Expressing or implying demand. Requisitive (n.) One who, or that which, makes requisition; a requisitionist. Requisitor (n.) One who makes reqisition; esp., one authorized by a requisition to investigate facts. Requisitory (a.) Sought for; demanded. Requitable (a.) That may be requited. Requital (n.) The act of requiting; also, that which requites; return, good or bad, for anything done; in a good sense, compensation; recompense; as, the requital of services; in a bad sense, retaliation, or punishment; as, the requital of evil deeds. Requited (imp. & p. p.) of Requite Requiting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Requite Requite (v. t.) To repay; in a good sense, to recompense; to return (an equivalent) in good; to reward; in a bad sense, to retaliate; to return (evil) for evil; to punish. Requitement (n.) Requital Requiter (n.) One who requites. Rerebrace (n.) Armor for the upper part of the arm. Reredemain (n.) A backward stroke. Reredos (n.) A screen or partition wall behind an altar. Reredos (n.) The back of a fireplace. Reredos (n.) The open hearth, upon which fires were lighted, immediately under the louver, in the center of ancient halls. Rerefief (n.) A fief held of a superior feudatory; a fief held by an under tenant. Rereign (v. i.) To reign again. Re-reiterate (v. t.) To reiterate many times. Reremouse (n.) A rearmouse. Re-resolve (v. t. & i.) To resolve again. Rereward (n.) The rear guard of an army. Res (pl. ) of Res Res (n.) A thing; the particular thing; a matter; a point. Resail (v. t. & i.) To sail again; also, to sail back, as to a former port. Resale (n.) A sale at second hand, or at retail; also, a second sale. Resalgar (n.) Realgar. Resalute (v. t.) To salute again. Resaw (v. t.) To saw again; specifically, to saw a balk, or a timber, which has already been squared, into dimension lumber, as joists, boards, etc. Rescat (v. t.) To ransom; to release; to rescue. Rescat (n.) Ransom; release. Rescinded (imp. & p. p.) of Rescind Rescinding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rescind Rescind (v. t.) To cut off; to abrogate; to annul. Rescind (v. t.) Specifically, to vacate or make void, as an act, by the enacting authority or by superior authority; to repeal; as, to rescind a law, a resolution, or a vote; to rescind a decree or a judgment. Rescindable (a.) Capable of being rescinded. Rescindment (n.) The act of rescinding; rescission. Rescission (n.) The act of rescinding, abrogating, annulling, or vacating; as, the rescission of a law, decree, or judgment. Rescissory (a.) Tending to rescind; rescinding. Rescous (n.) Rescue; deliverance. Rescous (n.) See Rescue, 2. Rescowe (v. t.) To rescue. Rescribe (v. t.) To write back; to write in reply. Rescribe (v. t.) To write over again. Rescript (v. t.) The answer of an emperor when formallyconsulted by particular persons on some difficult question; hence, an edict or decree. Rescript (v. t.) The official written answer of the pope upon a question of canon law, or morals. Rescript (v. t.) A counterpart. Rescription (n.) A writing back; the answering of a letter. Rescriptive (a.) Pertaining to, or answering the purpose of, a rescript; hence, deciding; settling; determining. Rescriptively (adv.) By rescript. Rescuable (a.) That may be rescued. Rescued (imp. & p. p.) of Rescue Rescuing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rescue Rescue (v. t.) To free or deliver from any confinement, violence, danger, or evil; to liberate from actual restraint; to remove or withdraw from a state of exposure to evil; as, to rescue a prisoner from the enemy; to rescue seamen from destruction. Rescue (v.) The act of rescuing; deliverance from restraint, violence, or danger; liberation. Rescue (v.) The forcible retaking, or taking away, against law, of things lawfully distrained. Rescue (v.) The forcible liberation of a person from an arrest or imprisonment. Rescue (v.) The retaking by a party captured of a prize made by the enemy. Rescueless (a.) Without rescue or release. Rescuer (n.) One who rescues. Rescussee (n.) The party in whose favor a rescue is made. Rescussor (n.) One who makes an unlawful rescue; a rescuer. Rese (v. i.) To shake; to quake; to tremble. Re-search (v. t.) To search again; to examine anew. Research (n.) Diligent inquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles; laborious or continued search after truth; as, researches of human wisdom. Research (v. t.) To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently. Researcher (n.) One who researches. Researchful (a.) Making researches; inquisitive. Reseat (v. t.) To seat or set again, as on a chair, throne, etc. Reseat (v. t.) To put a new seat, or new seats, in; as, to reseat a theater; to reseat a chair or trousers. Resected (imp. & p. p.) of Resect Resecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resect Resect (v. t.) To cut or pare off; to remove by cutting. Resection (n.) The act of cutting or paring off. Resection (n.) The removal of the articular extremity of a bone, or of the ends of the bones in a false articulation. Reseda (n.) A genus of plants, the type of which is mignonette. Reseda (n.) A grayish green color, like that of the flowers of mignonette. Reseek (v. t.) To seek again. Reseize (v. t.) To seize again, or a second time. Reseize (v. t.) To put in possession again; to reinstate. Reseize (v. t.) To take possession of, as lands and tenements which have been disseized. Reseizer (n.) One who seizes again. Reseizer (n.) The taking of lands into the hands of the king where a general livery, or oustre le main, was formerly mis-sued, contrary to the form and order of law. Reseizure (n.) A second seizure; the act of seizing again. Resell (v. t.) To sell again; to sell what has been bought or sold; to retail. Resemblable (a.) Admitting of being compared; like. Resemblance (n.) The quality or state of resembling; likeness; similitude; similarity. Resemblance (n.) That which resembles, or is similar; a representation; a likeness. Resemblance (n.) A comparison; a simile. Resemblance (n.) Probability; verisimilitude. Resemblant (a.) Having or exhibiting resemblance; resembling. Resembled (imp. & p. p.) of Resemble Resembling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resemble Resemble (v. t.) To be like or similar to; to bear the similitude of, either in appearance or qualities; as, these brothers resemble each other. Resemble (v. t.) To liken; to compare; to represent as like. Resemble (v. t.) To counterfeit; to imitate. Resemble (v. t.) To cause to imitate or be like. Resembler (n.) One who resembles. Resemblingly (adv.) So as to resemble; with resemblance or likeness. Reseminate (v. t.) To produce again by means of seed. Resend (v. t.) To send again; as, to resend a message. Resend (v. t.) To send back; as, to resend a gift. Resend (v. t.) To send on from an intermediate station by means of a repeater. Resented (imp. & p. p.) of Resent Resenting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resent Resent (v. t.) To be sensible of; to feel Resent (v. t.) In a good sense, to take well; to receive with satisfaction. Resent (v. t.) In a bad sense, to take ill; to consider as an injury or affront; to be indignant at. Resent (v. t.) To express or exhibit displeasure or indignation at, as by words or acts. Resent (v. t.) To recognize; to perceive, especially as if by smelling; -- associated in meaning with sent, the older spelling of scent to smell. See Resent, v. i. Resent (v. i.) To feel resentment. Resent (v. i.) To give forth an odor; to smell; to savor. Resenter (n.) One who resents. Resentful (a.) Inclined to resent; easily provoked to anger; irritable. Resentiment (n.) Resentment. Resentingly (adv.) With deep sense or strong perception. Resentingly (adv.) With a sense of wrong or affront; with resentment. Resentive (a.) Resentful. Resentment (n.) The act of resenting. Resentment (n.) The state of holding something in the mind as a subject of contemplation, or of being inclined to reflect upon something; a state of consciousness; conviction; feeling; impression. Resentment (n.) In a good sense, satisfaction; gratitude. Resentment (n.) In a bad sense, strong displeasure; anger; hostility provoked by a wrong or injury experienced. Reserate (v. t.) To unlock; to open. Reservance (n.) Reservation. Reservation (n.) The act of reserving, or keeping back; concealment, or withholding from disclosure; reserve. Reservation (n.) Something withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given up or brought forward. Reservation (n.) A tract of the public land reserved for some special use, as for schools, for the use of Indians, etc. Reservation (n.) The state of being reserved, or kept in store. Reservation (n.) A clause in an instrument by which some new thing is reserved out of the thing granted, and not in esse before. Reservation (n.) A proviso. Reservation (n.) The portion of the sacramental elements reserved for purposes of devotion and for the communion of the absent and sick. Reservation (n.) A term of canon law, which signifies that the pope reserves to himself appointment to certain benefices. Reservative (a.) Tending to reserve or keep; keeping; reserving. Reservatory (v. t.) A place in which things are reserved or kept. Reserved (imp. & p. p.) of Reserve Reserving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reserve Reserve (v. t.) To keep back; to retain; not to deliver, make over, or disclose. Reserve (v. t.) Hence, to keep in store for future or special use; to withhold from present use for another purpose or time; to keep; to retain. Reserve (v. t.) To make an exception of; to except. Reserve (n.) The act of reserving, or keeping back; reservation. Reserve (n.) That which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use. Reserve (n.) That which is excepted; exception. Reserve (n.) Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior. Reserve (n.) A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose; as, the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio, originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut; the Clergy Reserves in Canada, for the support of the clergy. Reserve (n.) A body of troops in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency. Reserve (n.) Funds kept on hand to meet liabilities. Reserved (a.) Kept for future or special use, or for an exigency; as, reserved troops; a reserved seat in a theater. Reserved (a.) Restrained from freedom in words or actions; backward, or cautious, in communicating one's thoughts and feelings; not free or frank. Reservee (n.) One to, or for, whom anything is reserved; -- contrasted with reservor. Reserver (n.) One who reserves. Reservist (n.) A member of a reserve force of soldiers or militia. Reservoir (n.) A place where anything is kept in store; especially, a place where water is collected and kept for use when wanted, as to supply a fountain, a canal, or a city by means of aqueducts, or to drive a mill wheel, or the like. Reservoir (n.) A small intercellular space, often containing resin, essential oil, or some other secreted matter. Reservor (n.) One who reserves; a reserver. Reset (v. t.) To set again; as, to reset type; to reset copy; to reset a diamond. Reset (n.) The act of resetting. Reset (n.) That which is reset; matter set up again. Reset (n.) The receiving of stolen goods, or harboring an outlaw. Reset (v. t.) To harbor or secrete; to hide, as stolen goods or a criminal. Resetter (n.) One who receives or conceals, as stolen goods or criminal. Resetter (n.) One who resets, or sets again. Resettle (v. t.) To settle again. Resettle (v. i.) To settle again, or a second time. Resettlement (n.) Act of settling again, or state of being settled again; as, the resettlement of lees. Reshape (v. t.) To shape again. Reship (v. t.) To ship again; to put on board of a vessel a second time; to send on a second voyage; as, to reship bonded merchandise. Reship (v. i.) To engage one's self again for service on board of a vessel after having been discharged. Reshipment (n.) The act of reshipping; also, that which is reshippped. Reshipper (n.) One who reships. Resiance (n.) Residence; abode. Resiant (a.) Resident; present in a place. Resiant (n.) A resident. Resided (imp. & p. p.) of Reside Residing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reside Reside (v. i.) To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to abide continuosly; to have one's domicile of home; to remain for a long time. Reside (v. i.) To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to lie or be as in attribute or element. Reside (v. i.) To sink; to settle, as sediment. Residence (n.) The act or fact of residing, abiding, or dwelling in a place for some continuance of time; as, the residence of an American in France or Italy for a year. Residence (n.) The place where one resides; an abode; a dwelling or habitation; esp., a settled or permanent home or domicile. Residence (n.) The residing of an incumbent on his benefice; -- opposed to nonresidence. Residence (n.) The place where anything rests permanently. Residence (n.) Subsidence, as of a sediment. Residence (n.) That which falls to the bottom of liquors; sediment; also, refuse; residuum. Residency (n.) Residence. Residency (n.) A political agency at a native court in British India, held by an officer styled the Resident; also, a Dutch commercial colony or province in the East Indies. Resident (a.) Dwelling, or having an abode, in a place for a continued length of time; residing on one's own estate; -- opposed to nonresident; as, resident in the city or in the country. Resident (a.) Fixed; stable; certain. Resident (n.) One who resides or dwells in a place for some time. Resident (n.) A diplomatic representative who resides at a foreign court; -- a term usualy applied to ministers of a rank inferior to that of ambassadors. See the Note under Minister, 4. Residenter (n.) A resident. Residential (a.) Of or pertaining to a residence or residents; as, residential trade. Residential (a.) Residing; residentiary. Residentiary (a.) Having residence; as, a canon residentary; a residentiary guardian. Residentiary (n.) One who is resident. Residentiary (n.) An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence. Residentiaryship (n.) The office or condition of a residentiary. Residentship (n.) The office or condition of a resident. Resider (n.) One who resides in a place. Residual (a.) Pertaining to a residue; remaining after a part is taken. Residual (n.) The difference of the results obtained by observation, and by computation from a formula. Residual (n.) The difference between the mean of several observations and any one of them. Residuary (a.) Consisting of residue; as, residuary matter; pertaining to the residue, or part remaining; as, the residuary advantage of an estate. Residue (n.) That which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed, or designated; remnant; remainder. Residue (n.) That part of a testeator's estate wwhich is not disposed of in his will by particular and special legacies and devises, and which remains after payment of debts and legacies. Residue (n.) That which remains of a molecule after the removal of a portion of its constituents; hence, an atom or group regarded as a portion of a molecule; -- used as nearly equivalent to radical, but in a more general sense. Residue (n.) Any positive or negative number that differs from a given number by a multiple of a given modulus; thus, if 7 is the modulus, and 9 the given number, the numbers -5, 2, 16, 23, etc., are residues. Residuous (a.) Remaining; residual. Residuum (n.) That which is left after any process of separation or purification; that which remains after certain specified deductions are made; residue. Resiege (v. t.) To seat again; to reinstate. Re-sign (v. t.) To affix one's signature to, a second time; to sign again. Resigned (imp. & p. p.) of Resign Resigning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resign Resign (v. t.) To sign back; to return by a formal act; to yield to another; to surrender; -- said especially of office or emolument. Hence, to give up; to yield; to submit; -- said of the wishes or will, or of something valued; -- also often used reflexively. Resign (v. t.) To relinquish; to abandon. Resign (v. t.) To commit to the care of; to consign. Re sign (n.) Resignation. Resignation (n.) The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim, possession, office, or the like; surrender; as, the resignation of a crown or comission. Resignation (n.) The state of being resigned or submissive; quiet or patient submission; unresisting acquiescence; as, resignation to the will and providence of God. Resigned (a.) Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or murmur. Resignedly (adv.) With submission. Resignee (n.) One to whom anything is resigned, or in whose favor a resignation is made. Resigner (n.) One who resigns. Resignment (n.) The act of resigning. Resiled (imp. & p. p.) of Resile Resiling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resile Resile (v. i.) To start back; to recoil; to recede from a purpose. Resilience (n.) Alt. of Resiliency Resiliency (n.) The act of resiling, springing back, or rebounding; as, the resilience of a ball or of sound. Resiliency (n.) The mechanical work required to strain an elastic body, as a deflected beam, stretched spring, etc., to the elastic limit; also, the work performed by the body in recovering from such strain. Resilient (a.) Leaping back; rebounding; recoiling. Resilition (n.) Resilience. Resin (n.) Any one of a class of yellowish brown solid inflammable substances, of vegetable origin, which are nonconductors of electricity, have a vitreous fracture, and are soluble in ether, alcohol, and essential oils, but not in water; specif., pine resin (see Rosin). Resinaceous (a.) Having the quality of resin; resinous. Resinate (n.) Any one of the salts the resinic acids. Resinic (a.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, resin; as, the resinic acids. Resiniferous (a.) Yielding resin; as, a resiniferous tree or vessel. Resiniform (a.) Having the form of resin. Resino-electric (a.) Containing or exhibiting resinous electricity. Resinoid (a.) Somewhat like resin. Resinous (a.) Of or pertaining to resin; of the nature of resin; resembling or obtained from resin. Resinously (adv.) By means, or in the manner, of resin. Resinousness (n.) The quality of being resinous. Resiny (a.) Like resin; resinous. Resipiscence (n.) Wisdom derived from severe experience; hence, repentance. Resisted (imp. & p. p.) of Resist Resisting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resist Resist (v. t.) To stand against; to withstand; to obstruct. Resist (v. t.) To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat, or frustrate; to act in opposition to; to oppose. Resist (v. t.) To counteract, as a force, by inertia or reaction. Resist (v. t.) To be distasteful to. Resist (v. i.) To make opposition. Resist (n.) A substance used to prevent a color or mordant from fixing on those parts to which it has been applied, either by acting machanically in preventing the color, etc., from reaching the cloth, or chemically in changing the color so as to render it incapable of fixing itself in the fibers.. The pastes prepared for this purpose are called resist pastes. Resistance (n.) The act of resisting; opposition, passive or active. Resistance (n.) The quality of not yielding to force or external pressure; that power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which prevents the effect of another power; as, the resistance of the air to a body passing through it; the resistance of a target to projectiles. Resistance (n.) A means or method of resisting; that which resists. Resistance (n.) A certain hindrance or opposition to the passage of an electrical current or discharge offered by conducting bodies. It bears an inverse relation to the conductivity, -- good conductors having a small resistance, while poor conductors or insulators have a very high resistance. The unit of resistance is the ohm. Resistant (a.) Making resistance; resisting. Resistant (n.) One who, or that which, resists. Resister (n.) One who resists. Resistful (a.) Making much resistance. Resistibility (n..) The quality of being resistible; resistibleness. Resistibility (n..) The quality of being resistant; resitstance. Resistible (a.) Capable of being resisted; as, a resistible force. Resisting (a.) Making resistance; opposing; as, a resisting medium. Resistive (a.) Serving to resist. Resistless (a.) Having no power to resist; making no opposition. Resistless (a.) Incapable of being resisted; irresistible. Resoluble (a.) Admitting of being resolved; resolvable; as, bodies resoluble by fire. Resolute (v. t. & i.) Having a decided purpose; determined; resolved; fixed in a determination; hence, bold; firm; steady. Resolute (v. t. & i.) Convinced; satisfied; sure. Resolute (v. t. & i.) Resolving, or explaining; as, the Resolute Doctor Durand. Resolute (n.) One who is resolute; hence, a desperado. Resolute (n.) Redelivery; repayment. Resolutely (adv.) In a resolute manner; with fixed purpose; boldly; firmly; steadily; with perseverance. Resoluteness (n.) The quality of being resolute. Resolution (n.) The act, operation, or process of resolving. Specifically: (a) The act of separating a compound into its elements or component parts. (b) The act of analyzing a complex notion, or solving a vexed question or difficult problem. Resolution (n.) The state of being relaxed; relaxation. Resolution (n.) The state of being resolved, settled, or determined; firmness; steadiness; constancy; determination. Resolution (n.) That which is resolved or determined; a settled purpose; determination. Specifically: A formal expression of the opinion or will of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote; as, a legislative resolution; the resolutions of a public meeting. Resolution (n.) The state of being resolved or firm in opinion or thought; conviction; assurance. Resolution (n.) The act or process of solving; solution; as, the resolution of an equation or problem. Resolution (n.) A breaking up, disappearance; or termination, as of a fever, a tumor, or the like. Resolution (n.) The passing of a dissonant into a consonant chord by the rising or falling of the note which makes the discord. Resolutioner (n.) One who makes a resolution; one who joins with others in a declaration or resolution; specifically, one of a party in the Scottish Church in the 17th century. Resolutionist (n.) One who makes a resolution. Resolutive (a.) Serving to dissolve or relax. Resolutory (a.) Resolutive. Resolvability (n.) The quality or condition of being resolvable; resolvableness. Resolvable (a.) Admitting of being resolved; admitting separation into constituent parts, or reduction to first principles; admitting solution or explanation; as, resolvable compounds; resolvable ideas or difficulties. Resolvableness (n.) The quality of being resolvable; resolvability. Resolved (imp. & p. p.) of Resolve Resolving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resolve Resolve (v. i.) To separate the component parts of; to reduce to the constituent elements; -- said of compound substances; hence, sometimes, to melt, or dissolve. Resolve (v. i.) To reduce to simple or intelligible notions; -- said of complex ideas or obscure questions; to make clear or certain; to free from doubt; to disentangle; to unravel; to explain; hence, to clear up, or dispel, as doubt; as, to resolve a riddle. Resolve (v. i.) To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain. Resolve (v. i.) To determine or decide in purpose; to make ready in mind; to fix; to settle; as, he was resolved by an unexpected event. Resolve (v. i.) To express, as an opinion or determination, by resolution and vote; to declare or decide by a formal vote; -- followed by a clause; as, the house resolved (or, it was resolved by the house) that no money should be apropriated (or, to appropriate no money). Resolve (v. i.) To change or convert by resolution or formal vote; -- used only reflexively; as, the house resolved itself into a committee of the whole. Resolve (v. i.) To solve, as a problem, by enumerating the several things to be done, in order to obtain what is required; to find the answer to, or the result of. Resolve (v. i.) To dispere or scatter; to discuss, as an inflammation or a tumor. Resolve (v. i.) To let the tones (as of a discord) follow their several tendencies, resulting in a concord. Resolve (v. i.) To relax; to lay at ease. Resolve (v. i.) To be separated into its component parts or distinct principles; to undergo resolution. Resolve (v. i.) To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid. Resolve (v. i.) To be settled in opinion; to be convinced. Resolve (v. i.) To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to determine after reflection; as, to resolve on a better course of life. Resolve (n.) The act of resolving or making clear; resolution; solution. Resolve (n.) That which has been resolved on or determined; decisive conclusion; fixed purpose; determination; also, legal or official determination; a legislative declaration; a resolution. Resolved (p. p. & a.) Having a fixed purpose; determined; resolute; -- usually placed after its noun; as, a man resolved to be rich. Resolvedly (adv.) So as to resolve or clear up difficulties; clearly. Resolvedly (adv.) Resolutely; decidedly; firmly. Resolvedness (n.) Fixedness of purpose; firmness; resolution. Resolvent (a.) Having power to resolve; causing solution; solvent. Resolvent (n.) That which has the power of resolving, or causing solution; a solvent. Resolvent (n.) That which has power to disperse inflammatory or other tumors; a discutient; anything which aids the absorption of effused products. Resolvent (n.) An equation upon whose solution the solution of a given pproblem depends. Resolver (n.) That which decomposes, or dissolves. Resolver (n.) That which clears up and removes difficulties, and makes the mind certain or determined. Resolver (n.) One who resolves, or formal a firm purpose. Resonance (n.) The act of resounding; the quality or state of being resonant. Resonance (n.) A prolongation or increase of any sound, either by reflection, as in a cavern or apartment the walls of which are not distant enough to return a distinct echo, or by the production of vibrations in other bodies, as a sounding-board, or the bodies of musical instruments. Resonancy (n.) Resonance. Resonant (a.) Returning, or capable of returning, sound; fitted to resound; resounding; echoing back. Resonantly (adv.) In a resonant manner. Resonator (n.) Anything which resounds; specifically, a vessel in the form of a cylinder open at one end, or a hollow ball of brass with two apertures, so contrived as to greatly intensify a musical tone by its resonance. It is used for the study and analysis of complex sounds. Resorb (v. t.) To swallow up. Resorbent (a.) Swallowing up. Resorcin (n.) A colorless crystalline substance of the phenol series, obtained by melting certain resins, as galbanum, asafetida, etc., with caustic potash. It is also produced artificially and used in making certain dyestuffs, as phthalein, fluorescein, and eosin. Resorcylic (a.) Of, or pertaining to, or producing, resorcin; as, resorcylic acid. Resorption (n.) The act of resorbing; also, the act of absorbing again; reabsorption. Resort (n.) Active power or movement; spring. Resorted (imp. & p. p.) of Resort Resorting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resort Resort (v. i.) To go; to repair; to betake one's self. Resort (v. i.) To fall back; to revert. Resort (v. i.) To have recourse; to apply; to one's self for help, relief, or advantage. Resort (v.) The act of going to, or making application; a betaking one's self; the act of visiting or seeking; recourse; as, a place of popular resort; -- often figuratively; as, to have resort to force. Resort (v.) A place to which one betakes himself habitually; a place of frequent assembly; a haunt. Resort (v.) That to which one resorts or looks for help; resource; refuge. Resorter (n.) One who resorts; a frequenter. Resoun (n.) Reason. Resoun (v. i. & t.) To resound. Re-sound (v. t. & i.) To sound again or anew. Resounded (imp. & p. p.) of Resound Resounding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resound Resound (v. i.) To sound loudly; as, his voice resounded far. Resound (v. i.) To be filled with sound; to ring; as, the woods resound with song. Resound (v. i.) To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound. Resound (v. i.) To be mentioned much and loudly. Resound (v. i.) To echo or reverberate; to be resonant; as, the earth resounded with his praise. Resound (v. t.) To throw back, or return, the sound of; to echo; to reverberate. Resound (v. t.) To praise or celebrate with the voice, or the sound of instruments; to extol with sounds; to spread the fame of. Resound (n.) Return of sound; echo. Resource (n.) That to which one resorts orr on which one depends for supply or support; means of overcoming a difficulty; resort; expedient. Resource (n.) Pecuniary means; funds; money, or any property that can be converted into supplies; available means or capabilities of any kind. Resourceful (a.) Full of resources. Resourceless (a.) Destitute of resources. Resow (v. t.) To sow again. Resown (v.) To resound. Respeak (v. t.) To speak or utter again. Respeak (v. t.) To answer; to echo. Respected (imp. & p. p.) of Respect Respecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Respect Respect (v. t.) To take notice of; to regard with special attention; to regard as worthy of special consideration; hence, to care for; to heed. Respect (v. t.) To consider worthy of esteem; to regard with honor. Respect (v. t.) To look toward; to front upon or toward. Respect (v. t.) To regard; to consider; to deem. Respect (v. t.) To have regard to; to have reference to; to relate to; as, the treaty particularly respects our commerce. Respect (v.) The act of noticing with attention; the giving particular consideration to; hence, care; caution. Respect (v.) Esteem; regard; consideration; honor. Respect (v.) An expression of respect of deference; regards; as, to send one's respects to another. Respect (v.) Reputation; repute. Respect (v.) Relation; reference; regard. Respect (v.) Particular; point regarded; point of view; as, in this respect; in any respect; in all respects. Respect (v.) Consideration; motive; interest. Respectability (n.) The state or quality of being respectable; the state or quality which deserves or commands respect. Respectable (a.) Worthy of respect; fitted to awaken esteem; deserving regard; hence, of good repute; not mean; as, a respectable citizen. Respectable (a.) Moderate in degree of excellence or in number; as, a respectable performance; a respectable audience. Respectant (a.) Placed so as to face one another; -- said of animals. Respecter (n.) One who respects. Respectful (a.) Marked or characterized by respect; as, respectful deportment. Respecting (prep.) With regard or relation to; regarding; concerning; as, respecting his conduct there is but one opinion. Respection (n.) The act of respecting; respect; regard. Respective (a.) Noticing with attention; hence, careful; wary; considerate. Respective (a.) Looking towardl having reference to; relative, not absolute; as, the respective connections of society. Respective (a.) Relating to particular persons or things, each to each; particular; own; as, they returned to their respective places of abode. Respective (a.) Fitted to awaken respect. Respective (a.) Rendering respect; respectful; regardful. Respectively (adv.) As relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to each; as each refers to each in order; as, let each man respectively perform his duty. Respectively (adv.) Relatively; not absolutely. Respectively (adv.) Partially; with respect to private views. Respectively (adv.) With respect; regardfully. Respectless (a.) Having no respect; without regard; regardless. Respectuous (a.) Respectful; as, a respectuous silence. Respectuous (a.) Respectable. Respell (v. t.) To spell again. Resperse (v. t.) To sprinkle; to scatter. Respersion (n.) The act of sprinkling or scattering. Respirability (n.) The quality or state of being respirable; respirableness. Respirable (a.) Suitable for being breathed; adapted for respiration. Respiration (n.) The act of respiring or breathing again, or catching one's breath. Respiration (n.) Relief from toil or suffering: rest. Respiration (n.) Interval; intermission. Respiration (n.) The act of resping or breathing; the act of taking in and giving out air; the aggregate of those processes bu which oxygen is introduced into the system, and carbon dioxide, or carbonic acid, removed. Respirational (a.) Of or pertaining to respiration; as, respirational difficulties. Respirative (a.) Of or pertaining to respiration; as, respirative organs. Respirator (n.) A divice of gauze or wire, covering the mouth or nose, to prevent the inhalation of noxious substances, as dust or smoke. Being warmed by the breath, it tempers cold air passing through it, and may also be used for the inhalation of medicated vapors. Respiratory (a.) Of or pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration; as, the respiratory organs; respiratory nerves; the respiratory function; respiratory changes. Respired (imp. & p. p.) of Respire Respiring (p. pr. & vvb. n.) of Respire Respire (v. i.) To take breath again; hence, to take rest or refreshment. Respire (v. i.) To breathe; to inhale air into the lungs, and exhale it from them, successively, for the purpose of maintaining the vitality of the blood. Respire (v. t.) To breathe in and out; to inspire and expire,, as air; to breathe. Respire (v. t.) To breathe out; to exhale. Respite (n.) A putting off of that which was appointed; a postponement or delay. Respite (n.) Temporary intermission of labor, or of any process or operation; interval of rest; pause; delay. Respite (n.) Temporary suspension of the execution of a capital offender; reprieve. Respite (n.) The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury beyond the proper term. Respited (imp. & p. p.) of Respite Respiting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Respite Respite (n.) To give or grant a respite to. Respite (n.) To delay or postpone; to put off. Respite (n.) To keep back from execution; to reprieve. Respite (n.) To relieve by a pause or interval of rest. Respiteless (a.) Without respite. Resplendence (n.) Alt. of Resplendency Resplendency (n.) The quality or state of being resplendent; brilliant luster; vivid brightness; splendor. Resplendent (a.) Shining with brilliant luster; very bright. Resplendishant (a.) Resplendent; brilliant. Resplendishing (a.) Resplendent. Resplit (v. t. & i.) To split again. Responded (imp. & p. p.) of Respond Responding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Respond Respond (v. i.) To say somethin in return; to answer; to reply; as, to respond to a question or an argument. Respond (v. i.) To show some effect in return to a force; to act in response; to accord; to correspond; to suit. Respond (v. i.) To render satisfaction; to be answerable; as, the defendant is held to respond in damages. Respond (v. t.) To answer; to reply. Respond (v. t.) To suit or accord with; to correspond to. Respond (n.) An answer; a response. Respond (n.) A short anthem sung at intervals during the reading of a chapter. Respond (n.) A half pier or pillar attached to a wall to support an arch. Respondence (n.) Alt. of Respondency Respondency (n.) The act of responding; the state of being respondent; an answering. Respondent (a.) Disposed or expected to respond; answering; according; corresponding. Respondent (n.) One who responds. It corresponds in general to defendant. Respondent (n.) One who answers in certain suits or proceedings, generally those which are not according to the course of the common law, as in equity and admiralty causes, in petitions for partition, and the like; -- distinquished from appellant. Respondent (n.) One who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province it is to refute objections, or overthrow arguments; -- distinguished from opponent. Respondentia (n.) A loan upon goods laden on board a ship. It differs from bottomry, which is a loan on the ship itself. Responsal (a.) Answerable. Responsal (n.) One who is answerable or responsible. Responsal (n.) Response. Response (n.) The act of responding. Response (n.) An answer or reply. Response (n.) Reply to an objection in formal disputation. Response (n.) The answer of the people or congregation to the priest or clergyman, in the litany and other parts of divine service. Response (n.) A kind of anthem sung after the lessons of matins and some other parts of the office. Response (n.) A repetition of the given subject in a fugue by another part on the fifth above or fourth below. Responseless (a.) Giving no response. -ties (pl. ) of Responsibility Responsibility (n.) The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable, as for a trust, debt, or obligation. Responsibility (n.) That for which anyone is responsible or accountable; as, the resonsibilities of power. Responsibility (n.) Ability to answer in payment; means of paying. Responsible (a.) Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to answer; accountable; answerable; amenable; as, a guardian is responsible to the court for his conduct in the office. Responsible (a.) Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and obligations; trustworthy, financially or otherwise; as, to have a responsible man for surety. Responsible (a.) Involving responsibility; involving a degree of accountability on the part of the person concerned; as, a responsible office. Responsion (n.) The act of answering. Responsion (n.) The first university examination; -- called also little go. See under Little, a. Responsive (a.) That responds; ready or inclined to respond. Responsive (a.) Suited to something else; correspondent. Responsive (a.) Responsible. Responsorial (a.) Responsory; antiphonal. Responsory (a.) Containing or making answer; answering. -ries (pl. ) of Responsory Responsory (n.) The answer of the people to the priest in alternate speaking, in church service. Responsory (n.) A versicle sung in answer to the priest, or as a refrain. Responsory (n.) An antiphonary; a response book. Rest (v. t.) To arrest. Rest (n.) A state of quiet or repose; a cessation from motion or labor; tranquillity; as, rest from mental exertion; rest of body or mind. Rest (n.) Hence, freedom from everything which wearies or disturbs; peace; security. Rest (n.) Sleep; slumber; hence, poetically, death. Rest (n.) That on which anything rests or leans for support; as, a rest in a lathe, for supporting the cutting tool or steadying the work. Rest (n.) A projection from the right side of the cuirass, serving to support the lance. Rest (n.) A place where one may rest, either temporarily, as in an inn, or permanently, as, in an abode. Rest (n.) A short pause in reading verse; a c/sura. Rest (n.) The striking of a balance at regular intervals in a running account. Rest (n.) A set or game at tennis. Rest (n.) Silence in music or in one of its parts; the name of the character that stands for such silence. They are named as notes are, whole, half, quarter,etc. Rested (imp. & p. p.) of Rest Resting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rest Rest (n.) To cease from action or motion, especially from action which has caused weariness; to desist from labor or exertion. Rest (n.) To be free from whanever wearies or disturbs; to be quiet or still. Rest (n.) To lie; to repose; to recline; to lan; as, to rest on a couch. Rest (n.) To stand firm; to be fixed; to be supported; as, a column rests on its pedestal. Rest (n.) To sleep; to slumber; hence, poetically, to be dead. Rest (n.) To lean in confidence; to trust; to rely; to repose without anxiety; as, to rest on a man's promise. Rest (n.) To be satisfied; to acquiesce. Rest (v. t.) To lay or place at rest; to quiet. Rest (v. t.) To place, as on a support; to cause to lean. Rest (n.) That which is left, or which remains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder; residue. Rest (n.) Those not included in a proposition or description; the remainder; others. Rest (n.) A surplus held as a reserved fund by a bank to equalize its dividends, etc.; in the Bank of England, the balance of assets above liabilities. Rest (v. i.) To be left; to remain; to continue to be. Restagnant (a.) Stagnant; motionless. Restagnate (v. i.) To stagnate; to cease to flow. Restagnation (n.) Stagnation. Restant (a.) Persistent. Restate (v. t.) To state anew. Restaurant (n.) An eating house. Restaurate (v. t.) To restore. Restaurateur (n.) The keeper of an eathing house or a restaurant. Restauration (n.) Restoration. Restem (v. t.) To force back against the current; as, to restem their backward course. Restem (v. t.) To stem, or move against; as, to restem a current. Restful (a.) Being at rest; quiet. Restful (a.) Giving rest; freeing from toil, trouble, etc. Rest-harrow (n.) A European leguminous plant (Ononis arvensis) with long, tough roots. Restiff (a.) Restive. Restiff (n.) A restive or stubborn horse. Restiffness (n.) Restiveness. Restiform (a.) Formed like a rope; -- applied especially to several ropelike bundles or masses of fibers on the dorsal side of the medulla oblongata. Restily (adv.) In a resty manner. Restinction (n.) Act of quenching or extingishing. Restiness (n.) The quality or state of being resty; sluggishness. Resting () a. & n. from Rest, v. t. & i. Restinguish (v. t.) To quench or extinguish. Restitute (v. t.) To restore to a former state. Restitute (n.) That which is restored or offered in place of something; a substitute. Restitution (v.) The act of restoring anything to its rightful owner, or of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage, or injury; indemnification. Restitution (v.) That which is offered or given in return for what has been lost, injured, or destroved; compensation. Restitution (v.) The act of returning to, or recovering, a former state; as, the restitution of an elastic body. Restitution (v.) The movement of rotetion which usually occurs in childbirth after the head has been delivered, and which causes the latter to point towards the side to which it was directed at the beginning of labor. Restitutor (n.) One who makes restitution. Restive (a.) Unwilling to go on; obstinate in refusing to move forward; stubborn; drawing back. Restive (a.) Inactive; sluggish. Restive (a.) Impatient under coercion, chastisement, or opposition; refractory. Restive (a.) Uneasy; restless; averse to standing still; fidgeting about; -- applied especially to horses. Restless (a.) Never resting; unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; as, a restless child. Restless (a.) Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse to repose or quiet; eager for change; discontented; as, restless schemers; restless ambition; restless subjects. Restless (a.) Deprived of rest or sleep. Restless (a.) Passed in unquietness; as, the patient has had a restless night. Restless (a.) Not affording rest; as, a restless chair. Restorable (a.) Admitting of being restored; capable of being reclaimed; as, restorable land. Restoral (n.) Restoration. Restoration (n.) The act of restoring or bringing back to a former place, station, or condition; the fact of being restored; renewal; reestablishment; as, the restoration of friendship between enemies; the restoration of peace after war. Restoration (n.) The state of being restored; recovery of health, strength, etc.; as, restoration from sickness. Restoration (n.) That which is restored or renewed. Restorationer (n.) A Restorationist. Restorationism (n.) The belief or doctrines of the Restorationists. Restorationist (n.) One who believes in a temporary future punishment and a final restoration of all to the favor and presence of God; a Universalist. Restorative (a.) Of or pertaining to restoration; having power to restore. Restorative (n.) Something which serves to restore; especially, a restorative medicine. Restoratively (adv.) In a restorative manner. Restorator (n.) A restaurateur. Restoratory (a.) Restorative. Re-store (v. t.) To store again; as, the goods taken out were re-stored. Restored (imp. & p. p.) of Restore Restoring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Restore Restore (v. t.) To bring back to its former state; to bring back from a state of ruin, decay, disease, or the like; to repair; to renew; to recover. Restore (v. t.) To give or bring back, as that which has been lost., or taken away; to bring back to the owner; to replace. Restore (v. t.) To renew; to reestablish; as, to restore harmony among those who are variance. Restore (v. t.) To give in place of, or as satisfaction for. Restore (v. t.) To make good; to make amends for. Restore (v. t.) To bring back from a state of injury or decay, or from a changed condition; as, to restore a painting, statue, etc. Restore (v. t.) To form a picture or model of, as of something lost or mutilated; as, to restore a ruined building, city, or the like. Restore (n.) Restoration. Restorement (n.) Restoration. Restorer (n.) One who, or that which, restores. Restrained (imp. & p. p.) of Restrain Restraining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Restrain Restrain (v. t.) To draw back again; to hold back from acting, proceeding, or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by any interposing obstacle; to repress or suppress; to keep down; to curb. Restrain (v. t.) To draw back toghtly, as a rein. Restrain (v. t.) To hinder from unlimited enjoiment; to abridge. Restrain (v. t.) To limit; to confine; to restrict. Restrain (v. t.) To withhold; to forbear. Restrainable (a.) Capable of being restrained; controllable. Restrainedly (adv.) With restraint. Restrainer (n.) One who, or that which, restrains. Restrainment (n.) The act of restraining. Restraint (n.) The act or process of restraining, or of holding back or hindering from motion or action, in any manner; hindrance of the will, or of any action, physical or mental. Restraint (n.) The state of being restrained. Restraint (n.) That which restrains, as a law, a prohibition, or the like; limitation; restriction. Restrengthen (v. t.) To strengthen again; to fortify anew. Restrict (a.) Restricted. Restricted (imp. & p. p.) of Restrict Restricting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Restrict Restrict (v. t.) To restrain within bounds; to limit; to confine; as, to restrict worlds to a particular meaning; to restrict a patient to a certain diet. Restriction (n.) The act of restricting, or state of being restricted; confinement within limits or bounds. Restriction (n.) That which restricts; limitation; restraint; as, restrictions on trade. Restrictionary (a.) Restrictive. Restrictive (a.) Serving or tending to restrict; limiting; as, a restrictive particle; restrictive laws of trade. Restrictive (a.) Astringent or styptic in effect. Restringed (imp. & p. p.) of Restringe Restringing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Restringe Restringe (v. t.) To confine; to contract; to stringe. Restringency (n.) Quality or state of being restringent; astringency. Restringent (a.) Restringing; astringent; styptic. Restringent (n.) A restringent medicine. Restrive (v. i.) To strive anew. Resty (a.) Disposed to rest; indisposed toexercton; sluggish; also, restive. Resubjection (n.) A second subjection. Resublime (v. t.) To sublime again. Resudation (n.) Act of sweating again. Resulted (imp. & p. p.) of Result Resulting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Result Result (v. i.) To leap back; to rebound. Result (v. i.) To come out, or have an issue; to terminate; to have consequences; -- followed by in; as, this measure will result in good or in evil. Result (v. i.) To proceed, spring, or rise, as a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, combination of circumstances, consultation, thought, or endeavor. Result (n.) A flying back; resilience. Result (n.) That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect; as, the result of a course of action; the result of a mathematical operation. Result (n.) The decision or determination of a council or deliberative assembly; a resolve; a decree. Resultance (n.) The act of resulting; that which results; a result. Resultant (a.) Resulting or issuing from a combination; existing or following as a result or consequence. Resultant (n.) That which results. Resultant (n.) A reultant force or motion. Resultant (n.) An eliminant. Resultate (n.) A result. Resultful (a.) HAving results or effects. Resultive (a.) Resultant. Resultless (a.) Being without result; as, resultless investigations. Resumable (a.) Capable of, or admitting of, being resumed. Resume (n.) A summing up; a condensed statement; an abridgment or brief recapitulation. Resumed (imp. & p. p.) of Resume Resuming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resume Resume (v. t.) To take back. Resume (v. t.) To enter upon, or take up again. Resume (v. t.) To begin again; to recommence, as something which has been interrupted; as, to resume an argument or discourse. Resummon (v. t.) To summon again. Resummons (n.) A second summons. Resumption (n.) The act of resuming; as, the resumption of a grant, of delegated powers, of an argument, of specie payments, etc. Resumption (n.) The taking again into the king's hands of such lands or tenements as he had granted to any man on false suggestions or other error. Resumptive (a.) Taking back; resuming, or tending toward resumption; as, resumptive measures. Resupinate (a.) Inverted in position; appearing to be upside down or reversed, as the flowers of the orchis and the leaves of some plants. Resupinated (a.) Resupinate. Resupination (n.) The state of luing on the back; the state of being resupinate, or reversed. Resupine (a.) Lying on the back; supine; hence, careless. Resupply (v. t.) To supply again. Resurgence (n.) The act of rising again; resurrection. Resurgent (a.) Rising again, as from the dead. Resurgent (n.) One who rises again, as from the dead. Resurrect (v. t.) To take from the grave; to disinter. Resurrect (v. t.) To reanimate; to restore to life; to bring to view (that which was forgotten or lost). Resurrection (n.) A rising again; the resumption of vigor. Resurrection (n.) Especially, the rising again from the dead; the resumption of life by the dead; as, the resurrection of Jesus Christ; the general resurrection of all the dead at the Day of Judgment. Resurrection (n.) State of being risen from the dead; future state. Resurrection (n.) The cause or exemplar of a rising from the dead. Resurrectionist (n.) One who steals bodies from the grave, as for dissection. Resurrectionize (v. t.) To raise from the dead. Resurvey (v. t.) To survey again or anew; to review. Resurvey (n.) A second or new survey. Resuscitable (a.) Capable of resuscitation; as, resuscitable plants. Resuscitant (n.) One who, or that which resuscitates. Also used adjectively. Resuscitate (a.) Restored to life. Resuscitated (imp. & p. p.) of Resuscitate Resuscitating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Resuscitate Resuscitate (v. t.) To revivify; to revive; especially, to recover or restore from apparent death; as, to resuscitate a drowned person; to resuscitate withered plants. Resuscitate (v. i.) To come to life again; to revive. Resuscitation (n.) The act of resuscitating, or state of being resuscitated. Resuscitative (a.) Tending to resuscitate; reviving; revivifying. Resuscitator (n.) One who, or that which, resuscitates. Ret (v. t.) See Aret. Ret (v. t.) To prepare for use, as flax, by separating the fibers from the woody part by process of soaking, macerating, and other treatment. Retable (n.) A shelf behind the altar, for display of lights, vases of wlowers, etc. Retail (v.) The sale of commodities in small quantities or parcels; -- opposed to wholesale; sometimes, the sale of commodities at second hand. Retail (a.) Done at retail; engaged in retailing commodities; as a retail trade; a retail grocer. Retailed (imp. & p. p.) of Retail Retailing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retail Retail (n.) To sell in small quantities, as by the single yard, pound, gallon, etc.; to sell directly to the consumer; as, to retail cloth or groceries. Retail (n.) To sell at second hand. Retail (n.) To distribute in small portions or at second hand; to tell again or to many (what has been told or done); to report; as, to retail slander. Retailer (n.) One who retails anything; as, a retailer of merchandise; a retailer of gossip. Retailment (n.) The act of retailing. Retained (imp. & p. p.) of Retain Retaining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retain Retain (v. t.) To continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose, part with, or dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape, or the like. Retain (v. t.) To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee paid; to hire; to engage; as, to retain a counselor. Retain (v. t.) To restrain; to prevent. Retain (v. i.) To belong; to pertain. Retain (v. i.) To keep; to continue; to remain. Retainable (a.) Capable of being retained. Retainal (n.) The act of retaining; retention. Retainer (n.) One who, or that which, retains. Retainer (n.) One who is retained or kept in service; an attendant; an adherent; a hanger-on. Retainer (n.) Hence, a servant, not a domestic, but occasionally attending and wearing his master's livery. Retainer (n.) The act of a client by which he engages a lawyer or counselor to manage his cause. Retainer (n.) The act of withholding what one has in his hands by virtue of some right. Retainer (n.) A fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to maintain a cause, or to prevent his being employed by the opposing party in the case; -- called also retaining fee. Retainer (n.) The act of keeping dependents, or the state of being in dependence. Retainment (n.) The act of retaining; retention. Retake (v. t.) To take or receive again. Retake (v. t.) To take from a captor; to recapture; as, to retake a ship or prisoners. Retaker (n.) One who takes again what has been taken; a recaptor. Retaliated (imp. & p. p.) of Retaliate Retaliating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retaliate Retaliate (v. t.) To return the like for; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind; to return evil for (evil). [Now seldom used except in a bad sense.] Retaliate (v. i.) To return like for like; specifically, to return evil for evil; as, to retaliate upon an enemy. Retaliation (n.) The act of retaliating, or of returning like for like; retribution; now, specifically, the return of evil for evil; e.g., an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Retaliative (a.) Same as Retaliatory. Retaliatory (a.) Tending to, or involving, retaliation; retaliative; as retaliatory measures. Retarded (imp. & p. p.) of Retard Retarding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retard Retard (v. t.) To keep delaying; to continue to hinder; to prevent from progress; to render more slow in progress; to impede; to hinder; as, to retard the march of an army; to retard the motion of a ship; -- opposed to accelerate. Retard (v. t.) To put off; to postpone; as, to retard the attacks of old age; to retard a rupture between nations. Retard (v. i.) To stay back. Retard (n.) Retardation; delay. Retardation (n.) The act of retarding; hindrance; the act of delaying; as, the retardation of the motion of a ship; -- opposed to acceleration. Retardation (n.) That which retards; an obstacle; an obstruction. Retardation (n.) The keeping back of an approaching consonant chord by prolonging one or more tones of a previous chord into the intermediate chord which follows; -- differing from suspension by resolving upwards instead of downwards. Retardation (n.) The extent to which anything is retarded; the amount of retarding or delay. Retardative (a.) Tending, or serving, to retard. Retarder (n.) One who, or that which, retards. Retardment (n.) The act of retarding; retardation. Retched (imp. & p. p.) of Retch Retching (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retch Retch (v. i.) To make an effort to vomit; to strain, as in vomiting. Retch (v. t. & i.) To care for; to heed; to reck. Retchless (a.) Careless; reckless. Rete (n.) A net or network; a plexus; particularly, a network of blood vessels or nerves, or a part resembling a network. Retecious (a.) Resembling network; retiform. Retection (n.) Act of disclosing or uncovering something concealed. Retell (v. t.) To tell again. Retene (n.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon, polymeric with benzene. It is extracted from pine tar, and is also found in certain fossil resins. Retent (n.) That which is retained. Retention (n.) The act of retaining, or the state of being ratined. Retention (n.) The power of retaining; retentiveness. Retention (n.) That which contains something, as a tablet; a //// of preserving impressions. Retention (n.) The act of withholding; retraint; reserve. Retention (n.) Place of custody or confinement. Retention (n.) The right of withholding a debt, or of retaining property until a debt due to the person claiming the right be duly paid; a lien. Retentive (a.) Having power to retain; as, a retentive memory. Retentive (n.) That which retains or confines; a restraint. Retentively (adv.) In a retentive manner. Retentiveness (n.) The quality of being retentive. Retentivity (n.) The power of retaining; retentive force; as, the retentivity of a magnet. Retentor (n.) A muscle which serves to retain an organ or part in place, esp. when retracted. See Illust. of Phylactolemata. Retepore (n.) Any one of several species of bryozoans of the genus Retepora. They form delicate calcareous corals, usually composed of thin fenestrated fronds. Retex (v. t.) To annual, as orders. Retexture (n.) The act of weaving or forming again. Rethor (n.) A rhetorician; a careful writer. Rethoryke (n.) Rhetoric. Retiarius (n.) A gladiator armed with a net for entangling his adversary and a trident for despatching him. Retiary (n.) Any spider which spins webs to catch its prey. Retiary (n.) A retiarius. Retiary (a.) Netlike. Retiary (a.) Constructing or using a web, or net, to catch prey; -- said of certain spiders. Retiary (a.) Armed with a net; hence, skillful to entangle. Reticence (n.) The quality or state of being reticent, or keeping silence; the state of holding one's tonque; refraining to speak of that which is suggested; uncommunicativeness. Reticence (n.) A figure by which a person really speaks of a thing while he makes a show as if he would say nothingon the subject. Reticency (n.) Reticence. Reticent (a.) Inclined to keep silent; reserved; uncommunicative. Reticle (n.) A small net. Reticle (n.) A reticule. See Reticule, 2. Reticular (a.) Having the form of a net, or of network; formed with interstices; retiform; as, reticular cartilage; a reticular leaf. Reticular (a.) Of or pertaining to a reticulum. Reticularia (n. pl.) An extensive division of rhizopods in which the pseudopodia are more or less slender and coalesce at certain points, forming irregular meshes. It includes the shelled Foraminifera, together with some groups which lack a true shell. Reticularian (n.) One of the Reticularia. Reticularly (adv.) In a reticular manner. Reticulate (a.) Alt. of Reticulated Reticulated (a.) Resembling network; having the form or appearance of a net; netted; as, a reticulated structure. Reticulated (a.) Having veins, fibers, or lines crossing like the threads or fibers of a network; as, a reticulate leaf; a reticulated surface; a reticulated wing of an insect. Reticulation (n.) The quality or state of being reticulated, or netlike; that which is reticulated; network; an organization resembling a net. Reticule (n..) A little bag, originally of network; a woman's workbag, or a little bag to be carried in the hand. Reticule (n..) A system of wires or lines in the focus of a telescope or other instrument; a reticle. Reticulosa (n. pl.) Same as Reticularia. Reticulose (a.) Forming a network; characterized by a reticulated sructure. Reticula (pl. ) of Reticulum Reticulum (n.) The second stomach of ruminants, in which folds of the mucous membrane form hexagonal cells; -- also called the honeycomb stomach. Reticulum (n.) The neuroglia. Retiform (a.) Composed of crossing lines and interstices; reticular; netlike; as, the retiform coat of the eye. Retina (n.) The delicate membrane by which the back part of the globe of the eye is lined, and in which the fibers of the optic nerve terminate. See Eye. Retinacula (pl. ) of Retinaculum Retinaculum (n.) A connecting band; a fraenum; as, the retinacula of the ileocaecal and ileocolic valves. Retinaculum (n.) One of the annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones at the larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle. Retinaculum (n.) One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of certain worms. Retinaculum (n.) A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; as, the glandular retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants. Retinal (a.) Of or pertaining to the retina. Retinalite (n.) A translucent variety of serpentine, of a honey yellow or greenish yellow color, having a waxy resinlike luster. Retinasphalt (n.) Alt. of Retinasphaltum Retinasphaltum (n.) Retinite. Retinerved (a.) Having reticulated veins. Retinea (pl. ) of Retineum Retineum (n.) That part of the eye of an invertebrate which corresponds in function with the retina of a vertebrate. Retinic (a.) Of or pertaining to resin; derived from resin; specifically, designating an acid found in certain fossil resins and hydrocarbons. Retinite (n.) An inflammable mineral resin, usually of a yellowish brown color, found in roundish masses, sometimes with coal. Retinitis (n.) Inflammation of the retina. Retinoid (a.) Resinlike, or resinform; resembling a resin without being such. Retinol (n.) A hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, -- used in printer's ink. Retiniphorae (pl. ) of Retinophora Retinophora (n.) One of group of two to four united cells which occupy the axial part of the ocelli, or ommatidia, of the eyes of invertebrates, and contain the terminal nerve fibrillae. See Illust. under Ommatidium. Retinophoral (a.) Of or pertaining to retinophorae. Retinoscopy (n.) The study of the retina of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscope. Retinue (n.) The body of retainers who follow a prince or other distinguished person; a train of attendants; a suite. Retinulae (pl. ) of Retinula Retinula (n.) One of the group of pigmented cells which surround the retinophorae of invertebrates. See Illust. under Ommatidium. Retinulate (a.) Having, or characterized by, retinul/. Retiped (n.) A bird having small polygonal scales covering the tarsi. Retiracy (n.) Retirement; -- mostly used in a jocose or burlesque way. Retirade (n.) A kind of retrenchment, as in the body of a bastion, which may be disputed inch by inch after the defenses are dismantled. It usually consists of two faces which make a reentering angle. Retired (imp. & p. p.) of Retire Retiring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retire Retire (v. t.) To withdraw; to take away; -- sometimes used reflexively. Retire (v. t.) To withdraw from circulation, or from the market; to take up and pay; as, to retire bonds; to retire a note. Retire (v. t.) To cause to retire; specifically, to designate as no longer qualified for active service; to place on the retired list; as, to retire a military or naval officer. Retire (v. i.) To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof; to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into privacy; as, to retire to his home; to retire from the world, or from notice. Retire (v. i.) To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw for safety or pleasure; as, to retire from battle. Retire (v. i.) To withdraw from a public station, or from business; as, having made a large fortune, he retired. Retire (v. i.) To recede; to fall or bend back; as, the shore of the sea retires in bays and gulfs. Retire (v. i.) To go to bed; as, he usually retires early. Retire (n.) The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; also, a place to which one retires. Retire (n.) A call sounded on a bugle, announcing to skirmishers that they are to retire, or fall back. Retired (a.) Private; secluded; quiet; as, a retired life; a person of retired habits. Retired (a.) Withdrawn from active duty or business; as, a retired officer; a retired physician. Retirement (n.) The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; withdrawal; seclusion; as, the retirement of an officer. Retirement (n.) A place of seclusion or privacy; a place to which one withdraws or retreats; a private abode. Retirer (n.) One who retires. Retiring (a.) Reserved; shy; not forward or obtrusive; as, retiring modesty; retiring manners. Retiring (a.) Of or pertaining to retirement; causing retirement; suited to, or belonging to, retirement. Retistene (n.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon produced indirectly from retene. Retitelae (n. pl.) A group of spiders which spin irregular webs; -- called also Retitelariae. Retold () imp. & p. p. of Retell. Retorsion (n.) Same as Retortion. Retorted (imp. & p. p.) of Retort Retorting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retort Retort (n.) To bend or curve back; as, a retorted line. Retort (n.) To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect. Retort (n.) To return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or incivility; as, to retort the charge of vanity. Retort (v. i.) To return an argument or a charge; to make a severe reply. Retort (v. t.) The return of, or reply to, an argument, charge, censure, incivility, taunt, or witticism; a quick and witty or severe response. Retort (v. t.) A vessel in which substances are subjected to distillation or decomposition by heat. It is made of different forms and materials for different uses, as a bulb of glass with a curved beak to enter a receiver for general chemical operations, or a cylinder or semicylinder of cast iron for the manufacture of gas in gas works. Retorter (n.) One who retorts. Retortion (v. t.) Act of retorting or throwing back; reflection or turning back. Retortion (v. t.) Retaliation. Retortive (a.) Containing retort. Retoss (v. t.) To toss back or again. Retouch (v. t.) To touch again, or rework, in order to improve; to revise; as, to retouch a picture or an essay. Retouch (v. t.) To correct or change, as a negative, by handwork. Retouch (n.) A partial reworking,as of a painting, a sculptor's clay model, or the like. Retoucher (n.) One who retouches. Retrace (v. t.) To trace back, as a line. Retrace (v. t.) To go back, in or over (a previous course); to go over again in a reverse direction; as, to retrace one's steps; to retrace one's proceedings. Retrace (v. t.) To trace over again, or renew the outline of, as a drawing; to draw again. Retracted (imp. & p. p.) of Retract Retracting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retract Retract (v. t.) To draw back; to draw up or shorten; as, the cat can retract its claws; to retract a muscle. Retract (v. t.) To withdraw; to recall; to disavow; to recant; to take back; as, to retract an accusation or an assertion. Retract (v. t.) To take back,, as a grant or favor previously bestowed; to revoke. Retract (v. i.) To draw back; to draw up; as, muscles retract after amputation. Retract (v. i.) To take back what has been said; to withdraw a concession or a declaration. Retract (n.) The pricking of a horse's foot in nailing on a shoe. Retractable (a.) Capable of being retracted; retractile. Retractate (v. t.) To retract; to recant. Retractation (n.) The act of retracting what has been said; recantation. Retractible (a.) Retractable. Retractile (a.) Capable of retraction; capable of being drawn back or up; as, the claws of a cat are retractile. Retraction (n.) The act of retracting, or drawing back; the state of being retracted; as, the retraction of a cat's claws. Retraction (n.) The act of withdrawing something advanced, stated, claimed, or done; declaration of change of opinion; recantation. Retraction (n.) The act of retracting or shortening; as, the retraction of a severed muscle; the retraction of a sinew. Retraction (n.) The state or condition of a part when drawn back, or towards the center of the body. Retractive (a.) Serving to retract; of the nature of a retraction. Retractive (n.) That which retracts, or withdraws. Retractor (n.) One who, or that which, retracts. Retractor (n.) In breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a cartridge shell from the barrel. Retractor (n.) An instrument for holding apart the edges of a wound during amputation. Retractor (n.) A bandage to protect the soft parts from injury by the saw during amputation. Retractor (n.) A muscle serving to draw in any organ or part. See Illust. under Phylactolaemata. Retraict (n.) Retreat. Retrait (n.) A portrait; a likeness. Retransform (v. t.) To transform anew or back. Retranslate (v. t.) To translate anew; especially, to translate back into the original language. Retraxit (n.) The withdrawing, or open renunciation, of a suit in court by the plaintiff, by which he forever lost his right of action. Retread (v. t. & i.) To tread again. Retreat (n.) The act of retiring or withdrawing one's self, especially from what is dangerous or disagreeable. Retreat (n.) The place to which anyone retires; a place or privacy or safety; a refuge; an asylum. Retreat (n.) The retiring of an army or body of men from the face of an enemy, or from any ground occupied to a greater distance from the enemy, or from an advanced position. Retreat (n.) The withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy for the purpose of avoiding an engagement or escaping after defeat. Retreat (n.) A signal given in the army or navy, by the beat of a drum or the sounding of trumpet or bugle, at sunset (when the roll is called), or for retiring from action. Retreat (n.) A special season of solitude and silence to engage in religious exercises. Retreat (n.) A period of several days of withdrawal from society to a religious house for exclusive occupation in the duties of devotion; as, to appoint or observe a retreat. Retreated (imp. & p. p.) of Retreat Retreating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retreat Retreat (v. i.) To make a retreat; to retire from any position or place; to withdraw; as, the defeated army retreated from the field. Retreatful (a.) Furnishing or serving as a retreat. Retreatment (n.) The act of retreating; specifically, the Hegira. Retrenched (imp. & p. p.) of Retrench Retrenching (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrench Retrench (v. t.) To cut off; to pare away. Retrench (v. t.) To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench superfluities or expenses. Retrench (v. t.) To confine; to limit; to restrict. Retrench (v. t.) To furnish with a retrenchment; as, to retrench bastions. Retrench (v. i.) To cause or suffer retrenchment; specifically, to cut down living expenses; as, it is more reputable to retrench than to live embarrassed. Retrenchment (n.) The act or process of retrenching; as, the retrenchment of words in a writing. Retrenchment (n.) A work constructed within another, to prolong the defense of the position when the enemy has gained possession of the outer work; or to protect the defenders till they can retreat or obtain terms for a capitulation. Retrial (n.) A secdond trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial trial, as of an accused person. Retribute (v. t.) To pay back; to give in return, as payment, reward, or punishment; to requite; as, to retribute one for his kindness; to retribute just punishment to a criminal. Retributer (n.) One who makes retribution. Retribution (n.) The act of retributing; repayment. Retribution (n.) That which is given in repayment or compensation; return suitable to the merits or deserts of, as an action; commonly, condign punishment for evil or wrong. Retribution (n.) Specifically, reward and punishment, as distributed at the general judgment. Retributive (a.) Alt. of Retributory Retributory (a.) Of or pertaining to retribution; of the nature of retribution; involving retribution or repayment; as, retributive justice; retributory comforts. Retrievable (a.) That may be retrieved or recovered; admitting of retrieval. Retrieval (n.) The act retrieving. Retrieved (imp. & p. p.) of Retrieve Retrieving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrieve Retrieve (v. t.) To find again; to recover; to regain; to restore from loss or injury; as, to retrieve one's character; to retrieve independence. Retrieve (v. t.) To recall; to bring back. Retrieve (v. t.) To remedy the evil consequence of, to repair, as a loss or damadge. Retrieve (v. i.) To discover and bring in game that has been killed or wounded; as, a dog naturally inclined to retrieve. Retrieve (n.) A seeking again; a discovery. Retrieve (n.) The recovery of game once sprung; -- an old sporting term. Retrievement (n.) Retrieval. Retriever (n.) One who retrieves. Retriever (n.) A dor, or a breed of dogs, chiefly employed to retrieve, or to find and recover game birds that have been killed or wounded. Retrim (v. t.) To trim again. Retriment (n.) Refuse; dregs. Retro- () A prefix or combining form signifying backward, back; as, retroact, to act backward; retrospect, a looking back. Retroact (v. i.) To act backward, or in return; to act in opposition; to be retrospective. Retroaction (n.) Action returned, or action backward. Retroaction (n.) Operation on something past or preceding. Retroactive (a.) Fitted or designed to retroact; operating by returned action; affecting what is past; retrospective. Retroactively (adv.) In a retroactive manner. Retrocede (v. t.) To cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a former proprietor. Retrocede (v. i.) To go back. Retrocedent (a.) Disposed or likely to retrocede; -- said of diseases which go from one part of the body to another, as the gout. Retrocession (n.) The act of retroceding. Retrocession (n.) The state of being retroceded, or granted back. Retrocession (n.) Metastasis of an eruption or a tumor from the surface to the interior of the body. Retrochoir (n.) Any extension of a church behind the high altar, as a chapel; also, in an apsidal church, all the space beyond the line of the back or eastern face of the altar. Retrocopulant (a.) Copulating backward, or from behind. Retrocopulation (n.) Copulation from behind. Retroduction (n.) A leading or bringing back. Retroflex (a.) Alt. of Retroflexed Retroflexed (a.) Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly backward. Retroflexion (n.) The act of reflexing; the state of being retroflexed. Cf. Retroversion. Retrofract (a.) Alt. of Retrofracted Retrofracted (a.) Refracted; as, a retrofract stem. Retrogenerative (a.) Begetting young by retrocopulation. Retrogradation (n.) The act of retrograding, or moving backward. Retrogradation (n.) The state of being retrograde; decline. Retrograde (a.) Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet. Retrograde (a.) Tending or moving backward; having a backward course; contrary; as, a retrograde motion; -- opposed to progressive. Retrograde (a.) Declining from a better to a worse state; as, a retrograde people; retrograde ideas, morals, etc. Retrograded (imp. & p. p.) of Retrograde Retrograding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrograde Retrograde (v. i.) To go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as a planet. Retrograde (v. i.) Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as in morals or intelligence. Retrogradingly (adv.) By retrograding; so as to retrograde. Retrogress (n.) Retrogression. Retrogression (n.) The act of retrograding, or going backward; retrogradation. Retrogression (n.) Backward development; a passing from a higher to a lower state of organization or structure, as when an animal, approaching maturity, becomes less highly organized than would be expected from its earlier stages or known relationship. Called also retrograde development, and regressive metamorphism. Retrogressive (a.) Tending to retrograde; going or moving backward; declining from a better to a worse state. Retrogressive (a.) Passing from a higher to a lower condition; declining from a more perfect state of organization; regressive. Retrogressively (adv.) In a retrogressive manner. Retromingency (n.) The quality or state of being retromingent. Retromingent (a.) Organized so as to discharge the urine backward. Retromingent (n.) An animal that discharges its urine backward. Retropulsive (a.) Driving back; repelling. Retrorse (a.) Bent backward or downward. Retrospect (v. i.) To look backward; hence, to affect or concern what is past. Retrospect (n.) A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of the past. Retrospection (n.) The act, or the faculty, of looking back on things past. Retrospective (a.) Looking backward; contemplating things past; -- opposed to prospective; as, a retrospective view. Retrospective (a.) Having reference to what is past; affecting things past; retroactive; as, a retrospective law. Retrospectively (adv.) By way of retrospect. Retrousse (a.) Turned up; -- said of a pug nose. Retrovaccination (n.) The inoculation of a cow with human vaccine virus. Retroversion (n.) A turning or bending backward; also, the state of being turned or bent backward; displacement backwards; as, retroversion of the uterus. Retroverted (imp. & p. p.) of Retrovert Retroverting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrovert Retrovert (v. t.) To turn back. Retroverted (a.) In a state of retroversion. Retruded (imp. & p. p.) of Retrude Retruding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Retrude Retrude (v. t.) To thrust back. Retruse (a.) Abstruse. Retrusion (n.) The act of retruding, or the state of being retruded. Retry (v. t.) To try (esp. judicially) a second time; as, to retry a case; to retry an accused person. Rette (v. t.) See Aret. Rettery (n.) A place or establishment where flax is retted. See Ret. Retting (n.) The act or process of preparing flax for use by soaking, maceration, and kindred processes; -- also called rotting. See Ret. Retting (n.) A place where flax is retted; a rettery. Retund (v. t.) To blunt; to turn, as an edge; figuratively, to cause to be obtuse or dull; as, to retund confidence. Re-turn (v. t. & i.) To turn again. Returned (imp. & p. p.) of Return Returning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Return Return (v. i.) To turn back; to go or come again to the same place or condition. Return (v. i.) To come back, or begin again, after an interval, regular or irregular; to appear again. Return (v. i.) To speak in answer; to reply; to respond. Return (v. i.) To revert; to pass back into possession. Return (v. i.) To go back in thought, narration, or argument. Return (v. t.) To bring, carry, send, or turn, back; as, to return a borrowed book, or a hired horse. Return (v. t.) To repay; as, to return borrowed money. Return (v. t.) To give in requital or recompense; to requite. Return (v. t.) To give back in reply; as, to return an answer; to return thanks. Return (v. t.) To retort; to throw back; as, to return the lie. Return (v. t.) To report, or bring back and make known. Return (v. t.) To render, as an account, usually an official account, to a superior; to report officially by a list or statement; as, to return a list of stores, of killed or wounded; to return the result of an election. Return (v. t.) Hence, to elect according to the official report of the election officers. Return (v. t.) To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an office, with a certificate of what has been done; as, to return a writ. Return (v. t.) To convey into official custody, or to a general depository. Return (v. t.) To bat (the ball) back over the net. Return (v. t.) To lead in response to the lead of one's partner; as, to return a trump; to return a diamond for a club. Return (n.) The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the same place or condition; as, the return of one long absent; the return of health; the return of the seasons, or of an anniversary. Return (n.) The act of returning (transitive), or sending back to the same place or condition; restitution; repayment; requital; retribution; as, the return of anything borrowed, as a book or money; a good return in tennis. Return (n.) That which is returned. Return (n.) A payment; a remittance; a requital. Return (n.) An answer; as, a return to one's question. Return (n.) An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, and the like; as, election returns; a return of the amount of goods produced or sold; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information. Return (n.) The profit on, or advantage received from, labor, or an investment, undertaking, adventure, etc. Return (n.) The continuation in a different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, as a molding or mold; -- applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer; thus, a facade of sixty feet east and west has a return of twenty feet north and south. Return (n.) The rendering back or delivery of writ, precept, or execution, to the proper officer or court. Return (n.) The certificate of an officer stating what he has done in execution of a writ, precept, etc., indorsed on the document. Return (n.) The sending back of a commission with the certificate of the commissioners. Return (n.) A day in bank. See Return day, below. Return (n.) An official account, report, or statement, rendered to the commander or other superior officer; as, the return of men fit for duty; the return of the number of the sick; the return of provisions, etc. Return (n.) The turnings and windings of a trench or mine. Returnable (a.) Capable of, or admitting of, being returned. Returnable (a.) Legally required to be returned, delivered, given, or rendered; as, a writ or precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict returnable to the court. Returner (n.) One who returns. Returnless (a.) Admitting no return. Retuse (a.) Having the end rounded and slightly indented; as, a retuse leaf. Reule (n.& v.) Rule. Reume (n.) Realm. Reunion (n.) A second union; union formed anew after separation, secession, or discord; as, a reunion of parts or particles of matter; a reunion of parties or sects. Reunion (n.) An assembling of persons who have been separated, as of a family, or the members of a disbanded regiment; an assembly so composed. Reunite (v. t. & i.) To unite again; to join after separation or variance. Reunitedly (adv.) In a reunited manner. Reunition (n.) A second uniting. Reurge (v. t.) To urge again. Revaccinate (v. t.) To vaccinate a second time or again. Revalescence (n.) The act of growing well; the state of being revalescent. Revalescent (a.) Growing well; recovering strength. Revaluation (n.) A second or new valuation. Revamp (v. t.) To vamp again; hence, to patch up; to reconstruct. Reve (v. t.) To reave. Reve (n.) An officer, steward, or governor. Revealed (imp. & p. p.) of Reveal Revealing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reveal Reveal (v. t.) To make known (that which has been concealed or kept secret); to unveil; to disclose; to show. Reveal (v. t.) Specifically, to communicate (that which could not be known or discovered without divine or supernatural instruction or agency). Reveal (n.) A revealing; a disclosure. Reveal (n.) The side of an opening for a window, doorway, or the like, between the door frame or window frame and the outer surface of the wall; or, where the opening is not filled with a door, etc., the whole thickness of the wall; the jamb. Revealability (n.) The quality or state of being revealable; revealableness. Revealable (a.) Capable of being revealed. Revealer (n.) One who, or that which, reveals. Revealment (n.) Act of revealing. Revegetate (v. i.) To vegetate anew. Reveille (n.) The beat of drum, or bugle blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the soldiers to rise, and for the sentinels to forbear challenging. Revel (n.) See Reveal. Revel (v. i.) A feast with loose and noisy jollity; riotous festivity or merrymaking; a carousal. Reveled (imp. & p. p.) of Revel Revelled () of Revel Reveling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revel Revelling () of Revel Revel (v. i.) To feast in a riotous manner; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian; to make merry. Revel (v. i.) To move playfully; to indulge without restraint. Revel (v. t.) To draw back; to retract. Revelate (v. t.) To reveal. Revelation (n.) The act of revealing, disclosing, or discovering to others what was before unknown to them. Revelation (n.) That which is revealed. Revelation (n.) The act of revealing divine truth. Revelation (n.) That which is revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible. Revelation (n.) Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon, containing the prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse. Revelator (n.) One who makes a revelation; a revealer. Reveler (n.) One who revels. Revellent (v. t.) Causing revulsion; revulsive. Revellent (n.) A revulsive medicine. Revelment (n.) The act of reveling. Revelous (a.) Fond of festivity; given to merrymaking or reveling. Revel-rout (n.) Tumultuous festivity; revelry. Revel-rout (n.) A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob. Revelry (n.) The act of engaging in a revel; noisy festivity; reveling. Revendicated (imp. & p. p.) of Revendicate Revendicating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revendicate Revendicate (v. t.) To reclaim; to demand the restoration of. Revendication (n.) The act of revendicating. Revenged (imp. & p. p.) of Revenge Revenging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revenge Revenge (v. t.) To inflict harm in return for, as an injury, insult, etc.; to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury; to avenge; -- followed either by the wrong received, or by the person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal pronoun as direct object, and a preposition before the wrong done or the wrongdoer. Revenge (v. t.) To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or malignant spirit; to wreak vengeance for maliciously. Revenge (v. i.) To take vengeance; -- with Revenge (n.) The act of revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning of evil for evil. Revenge (n.) The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing of evil to one who has done us an injury. Revengeable (a.) Capable of being revenged; as, revengeable wrong. Revengeance (n.) Vengeance; revenge. Revengeful (a.) Full of, or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious; revenging; wreaking revenge. Revengeless (a.) Unrevenged. Revengement (n.) Revenge. Revenger (n.) One who revenges. Revenging (a.) Executing revenge; revengeful. Revenue (n.) That which returns, or comes back, from an investment; the annual rents, profits, interest, or issues of any species of property, real or personal; income. Revenue (n.) Hence, return; reward; as, a revenue of praise. Revenue (n.) The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, etc., which a nation, state, or municipality collects and receives into the treasury for public use. Reverb (v. t.) To echo. Reverberant (a.) Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating. Reverberate (a.) Reverberant. Reverberate (a.) Driven back, as sound; reflected. Reverberated (imp. & p. p.) of Reverberate Reverberating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reverberate Reverberate (v. t.) To return or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo, as sound; to reflect, as light, as light or heat. Reverberate (v. t.) To send or force back; to repel from side to side; as, flame is reverberated in a furnace. Reverberate (v. t.) Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat. Reverberate (v. i.) To resound; to echo. Reverberate (v. i.) To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled, as rays of light; to be echoed, as sound. Reverberation (n.) The act of reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting light or heat, or reechoing sound; as, the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of voices; the reverberation of heat or flame in a furnace. Reverberative (a.) Of the nature of reverberation; tending to reverberate; reflective. Reverberator (n.) One who, or that which, produces reverberation. Reverberatory (a.) Producing reverberation; acting by reverberation; reverberative. Reverberatory (n.) A reverberatory furnace. Reverdure (v. t.) To cover again with verdure. Revered (imp. & p. p.) of Revere Revering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revere Revere (v. t.) To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation. Reverence (n.) Profound respect and esteem mingled with fear and affection, as for a holy being or place; the disposition to revere; veneration. Reverence (n.) The act of revering; a token of respect or veneration; an obeisance. Reverence (n.) That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state. Reverence (n.) A person entitled to be revered; -- a title applied to priests or other ministers with the pronouns his or your; sometimes poetically to a father. Reverenced (imp. & p. p.) of Reverence Reverencing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reverence Reverence (v. t.) To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate. Reverencer (n.) One who regards with reverence. Reverend (a.) Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection; venerable. Reverendly (adv.) Reverently. Reverent (a.) Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive; humble; respectful; as, reverent disciples. Reverent (a.) Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or submission; as, reverent words; reverent behavior. Reverential (a.) Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent quality; reverent; as, reverential fear or awe. Reverentially (adv.) In a reverential manner. Reverently (adv.) In a reverent manner; in respectful regard. Reverer (n.) One who reveres. Reveries (pl. ) of Revery Reverie (n.) Alt. of Revery Revery (n.) A loose or irregular train of thought occurring in musing or mediation; deep musing; daydream. Revery (n.) An extravagant conceit of the fancy; a vision. Reversal (a.) Intended to reverse; implying reversal. Reversal (n.) The act of reversing; the causing to move or face in an opposite direction, or to stand or lie in an inverted position; as, the reversal of a rotating wheel; the reversal of objects by a convex lens. Reversal (n.) A change or overthrowing; as, the reversal of a judgment, which amounts to an official declaration that it is false; the reversal of an attainder, or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void. Reverse (a.) Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite direction; hence; opposite or contrary in kind; as, the reverse order or method. Reverse (a.) Turned upside down; greatly disturbed. Reverse (a.) Reversed; as, a reverse shell. Reverse (a.) That which appears or is presented when anything, as a lance, a line, a course of conduct, etc., is reverted or turned contrary to its natural direction. Reverse (a.) That which is directly opposite or contrary to something else; a contrary; an opposite. Reverse (a.) The act of reversing; complete change; reversal; hence, total change in circumstances or character; especially, a change from better to worse; misfortune; a check or defeat; as, the enemy met with a reverse. Reverse (a.) The back side; as, the reverse of a drum or trench; the reverse of a medal or coin, that is, the side opposite to the obverse. See Obverse. Reverse (a.) A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of the hand; a backhanded stroke. Reverse (a.) A turn or fold made in bandaging, by which the direction of the bandage is changed. Reversed (imp. & p. p.) of Reverse Reversing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reverse Reverse (a.) To turn back; to cause to face in a contrary direction; to cause to depart. Reverse (a.) To cause to return; to recall. Reverse (a.) To change totally; to alter to the opposite. Reverse (a.) To turn upside down; to invert. Reverse (a.) Hence, to overthrow; to subvert. Reverse (a.) To overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to under or annual for error; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence, or decree. Reverse (v. i.) To return; to revert. Reverse (v. i.) To become or be reversed. Reversed (a.) Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to the contrary; specifically (Bot. & Zool.), sinistrorse or sinistral; as, a reversed, or sinistral, spiral or shell. Reversed (a.) Annulled and the contrary substituted; as, a reversed judgment or decree. Reversedly (adv.) In a reversed way. Reverseless (a.) Irreversible. Reversely (adv.) In a reverse manner; on the other hand; on the opposite. Reverser (n.) One who reverses. Reversibility (n.) The quality of being reversible. Reversible (a.) Capable of being reversed; as, a chair or seat having a reversible back; a reversible judgment or sentence. Reversible (a.) Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on both sides, so that either may be used; -- said of fabrics. Reversibly (adv.) In a reversible manner. Reversing (a.) Serving to effect reversal, as of motion; capable of being reversed. Reversion (n.) The act of returning, or coming back; return. Reversion (n.) That which reverts or returns; residue. Reversion (n.) The returning of an esttate to the grantor or his heirs, by operation of law, after the grant has terminated; hence, the residue of an estate left in the proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect in possession, by operation of law, after the termination of a limited or less estate carved out of it and conveyed by him. Reversion (n.) Hence, a right to future possession or enjoiment; succession. Reversion (n.) A payment which is not to be received, or a benefit which does not begin, until the happening of some event, as the death of a living person. Reversion (n.) A return towards some ancestral type or character; atavism. Reversionary (a.) Of or pertaining to a reversion; involving a reversion; to be enjoyed in succession, or after the termination of a particular estate; as, a reversionary interest or right. Reversionary (n.) That which is to be received in reversion. Reversioner (n.) One who has a reversion, or who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is terminated. Reversis (n.) A certain game at cards. Reverted (imp. & p. p.) of Revert Reverting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revert Revert (v. t.) To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse. Revert (v. t.) To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate. Revert (v. t.) To change back. See Revert, v. i. Revert (v. i.) To return; to come back. Revert (v. i.) To return to the proprietor after the termination of a particular estate granted by him. Revert (v. i.) To return, wholly or in part, towards some preexistent form; to take on the traits or characters of an ancestral type. Revert (v. i.) To change back, as from a soluble to an insoluble state or the reverse; thus, phosphoric acid in certain fertilizers reverts. Revert (n.) One who, or that which, reverts. Reverted (a.) Turned back; reversed. Specifically: (Her.) Bent or curved twice, in opposite directions, or in the form of an S. Revertent (n.) A remedy which restores the natural order of the inverted irritative motions in the animal system. Reverter (n.) One who, or that which, reverts. Reverter (n.) Reversion. Revertible (a.) Capable of, or admitting of, reverting or being reverted; as, a revertible estate. Revertive (a.) Reverting, or tending to revert; returning. Revery (n.) Same as Reverie. Revest (v. t.) To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe. Revest (v. t.) To vest again with possession or office; as, to revest a magistrate with authority. Revest (v. i.) To take effect or vest again, as a title; to revert to former owner; as, the title or right revests in A after alienation. Revestiary (n.) The apartment, in a church or temple, where the vestments, etc., are kept; -- now contracted into vestry. Revestry (n.) Same as Revestiary. Revestture (n.) Vesture. Revetted (imp. & p. p.) of Revet Revetting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revet Revet (v. t.) To face, as an embankment, with masonry, wood, or other material. Revetment (v. t.) A facing of wood, stone, or any other material, to sustain an embankment when it receives a slope steeper than the natural slope; also, a retaining wall. Revibrate (v. i.) To vibrate back or in return. Revict (v. t.) To reconquer. Reviction (n.) Return to life. Revictual (v. t.) To victual again. Revie (v. t.) To vie with, or rival, in return. Revie (v. t.) To meet a wager on, as on the taking of a trick, with a higher wager. Revie (v. i.) To exceed an adversary's wager in card playing. Revie (v. i.) To make a retort; to bandy words. Review/d (imp. & p. p.) of Review Reveiwing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Review Review (n.) To view or see again; to look back on. Review (n.) To go over and examine critically or deliberately. Review (n.) To reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before printing it, or a book for a new edition. Review (n.) To go over with critical examination, in order to discover exellences or defects; hence, to write a critical notice of; as, to review a new novel. Review (n.) To make a formal or official examination of the state of, as troops, and the like; as, to review a regiment. Review (n.) To reexamine judically; as, a higher court may review the proceedings and judgments of a lower one. Review (n.) To retrace; to go over again. Review (v. i.) To look back; to make a review. Review (n.) A second or repeated view; a reexamination; a retrospective survey; a looking over again; as, a review of one's studies; a review of life. Review (n.) An examination with a view to amendment or improvement; revision; as, an author's review of his works. Review (n.) A critical examination of a publication, with remarks; a criticism; a critique. Review (n.) A periodical containing critical essays upon matters of interest, as new productions in literature, art, etc. Review (n.) An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a naval force, by a high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of discipline, equipments, etc. Review (n.) The judicial examination of the proceedings of a lower court by a higher. Review (n.) A lesson studied or recited for a second time. Reviewable (a.) Capable of being reviewed. Reviewal (n.) A review. Reviewer (n.) One who reviews or reexamines; an inspector; one who examines publications critically, and publishes his opinion upon their merits; a professional critic of books. Revigorate (a.) Having new vigor or strength; invigorated anew. Revigorate (v. t.) To give new vigor to. Reviled (imp. & p. p.) of Revile Reviling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revile Revile (v. t. & i.) To address or abuse with opprobrious and contemptuous language; to reproach. Revile (n.) Reproach; reviling. Revilement (n.) The act of reviling; also, contemptuous language; reproach; abuse. Reviler (n.) One who reviles. Reviling (n.) Reproach; abuse; vilification. Reviling (a.) Uttering reproaches; containing reproaches. Revince (v. t.) To overcome; to refute, as error. Revindicate (v. t.) To vindicate again; to reclaim; to demand and take back. Revirescence (n.) A growing green or fresh again; renewal of youth or vigor. Revisable (a.) That may be revised. Revisal (n.) The act of revising, or reviewing and reexamining for correction and improvement; revision; as, the revisal of a manuscript; the revisal of a proof sheet; the revisal of a treaty. Revised (imp. & p. p.) of Revise Revising (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revise Revise (v. t.) To look at again for the detection of errors; to reexamine; to review; to look over with care for correction; as, to revise a writing; to revise a translation. Revise (v. t.) To compare (a proof) with a previous proof of the same matter, and mark again such errors as have not been corrected in the type. Revise (v. t.) To review, alter, and amend; as, to revise statutes; to revise an agreement; to revise a dictionary. Revise (n.) A review; a revision. Revise (n.) A second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after the first or a subsequent correction. Reviser (n.) One who revises. Revision (n.) The act of revising; reexamination for correction; review; as, the revision of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes. Revision (n.) That which is made by revising. Revisional (a.) Alt. of Revisionary Revisionary (a.) Of or pertaining to revision; revisory. Revisit (v. t.) To visit again. Revisit (v. t.) To revise. Revisitation (n.) The act of revisiting. Revisory (a.) Having the power or purpose to revise; revising. Revitalize (v. t.) To restore vitality to; to bring back to life. Revivable (a.) That may be revived. Revival (n.) The act of reviving, or the state of being revived. Revival (n.) Renewed attention to something, as to letters or literature. Revival (n.) Renewed performance of, or interest in, something, as the drama and literature. Revival (n.) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious interest. Revival (n.) Reanimation from a state of langour or depression; -- applied to the health, spirits, and the like. Revival (n.) Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or flourishing state of something, as of commerce, arts, agriculture. Revival (n.) Renewed prevalence of something, as a practice or a fashion. Revival (n.) Restoration of force, validity, or effect; renewal; as, the revival of a debt barred by limitation; the revival of a revoked will, etc. Revival (n.) Revivification, as of a metal. See Revivification, 2. Revivalism (n.) The spirit of religious revivals; the methods of revivalists. Revivalist (n.) A clergyman or layman who promotes revivals of religion; an advocate for religious revivals; sometimes, specifically, a clergyman, without a particular charge, who goes about to promote revivals. Also used adjectively. Revivalistic (a.) Pertaining to revivals. Revived (imp. & p. p.) of Revive Reviving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revive Revive (v. i.) To return to life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to become reanimated or reinvigorated. Revive (v. i.) Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion, obscurity, neglect, or depression; as, classical learning revived in the fifteenth century. Revive (v. i.) To recover its natural or metallic state, as a metal. Revive (v. i.) To restore, or bring again to life; to reanimate. Revive (v. i.) To raise from coma, languor, depression, or discouragement; to bring into action after a suspension. Revive (v. i.) Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or disuse; as, to revive letters or learning. Revive (v. i.) To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to recollection; to recall attention to; to reawaken. Revive (v. i.) To restore or reduce to its natural or metallic state; as, to revive a metal after calcination. Revivement (n.) Revival. Reviver (n.) One who, or that which, revives. Revivificate (v. t.) To revive; to recall or restore to life. Revivification (n.) Renewal of life; restoration of life; the act of recalling, or the state of being recalled, to life. Revivification (n.) The reduction of a metal from a state of combination to its metallic state. Revivify (v. t.) To cause to revive. Reviving (a. & n.) Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating. Reviviscence (n.) Alt. of Reviviscency Reviviscency (n.) The act of reviving, or the state of being revived; renewal of life. Reviviscent (a.) Able or disposed to revive; reviving. Revivor (n.) Revival of a suit which is abated by the death or marriage of any of the parties, -- done by a bill of revivor. Revocability (n.) The quality of being revocable; as, the revocability of a law. Revocable (a.) Capable of being revoked; as, a revocable edict or grant; a revocable covenant. Revocate (v. t.) To recall; to call back. Revocation (n.) The act of calling back, or the state of being recalled; recall. Revocation (n.) The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; as, the revocation of an edict, a power, a will, or a license. Revocatory (a.) Of or pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a revocation; revoking; recalling. Revoice (v. t.) To refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ pipe, so as to restore its tone. Revoked (imp. & p. p.) of Revoke Revoking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revoke Revoke (v. t.) To call or bring back; to recall. Revoke (v. t.) Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to repeal; to rescind; to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by a special act; as, , to revoke a will, a license, a grant, a permission, a law, or the like. Revoke (v. t.) To hold back; to repress; to restrain. Revoke (v. t.) To draw back; to withdraw. Revoke (v. t.) To call back to mind; to recollect. Revoke (v. i.) To fail to follow suit when holding a card of the suit led, in violation of the rule of the game; to renege. Revoke (n.) The act of revoking. Revokement (n.) Revocation. Revoker (n.) One who revokes. Revokingly (adv.) By way of revocation. Revolted (imp. & p. p.) of Revolt Revolting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revolt Revolt (n.) To turn away; to abandon or reject something; specifically, to turn away, or shrink, with abhorrence. Revolt (n.) Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or leader for another; especially, to renounce allegiance or subjection; to rise against a government; to rebel. Revolt (n.) To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended; hence, to feel nausea; -- with at; as, the stomach revolts at such food; his nature revolts at cruelty. Revolt (v. t.) To cause to turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to flight. Revolt (v. t.) To do violence to; to cause to turn away or shrink with abhorrence; to shock; as, to revolt the feelings. Revolt (n.) The act of revolting; an uprising against legitimate authority; especially, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to a government; rebellion; as, the revolt of a province of the Roman empire. Revolt (n.) A revolter. Revolter (n.) One who revolts. Revolting (a.) Causing abhorrence mixed with disgust; exciting extreme repugnance; loathsome; as, revolting cruelty. Revoluble (a.) Capable of revolving; rotatory; revolving. Revolute (a.) Rolled backward or downward. Revolution (n.) The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a center; the motion of a body round a fixed point or line; rotation; as, the revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its axis, etc. Revolution (n.) Return to a point before occupied, or to a point relatively the same; a rolling back; return; as, revolution in an ellipse or spiral. Revolution (n.) The space measured by the regular return of a revolving body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a measure of time, or by a succession of similar events. Revolution (n.) The motion of any body, as a planet or satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it returns to the same point again, or to a point relatively the same; -- designated as the annual, anomalistic, nodical, sidereal, or tropical revolution, according as the point of return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the revolution of the earth about the sun; the revolution of the moon about the earth. Revolution (n.) The motion of a point, line, or surface about a point or line as its center or axis, in such a manner that a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a surface (called a surface of revolution), and a moving surface a solid (called a solid of revolution); as, the revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of its sides generates a cone; the revolution of a semicircle about the diameter generates a sphere. Revolution (n.) A total or radical change; as, a revolution in one's circumstances or way of living. Revolution (n.) A fundamental change in political organization, or in a government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution of another, by the governed. Revolutionary (a.) Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution; as, revolutionary war; revolutionary measures; revolutionary agitators. Revolutionary (n.) A revolutionist. Revolutioner (n.) One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist. Revolutionism (n.) The state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or principles. Revolutionist (n.) One engaged in effecting a change of government; a favorer of revolution. Revolutioniezed (imp. & p. p.) of Revolutionize Revolutionizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revolutionize Revolutionize (v. t.) To change completely, as by a revolution; as, to revolutionize a government. Revolutive (a.) Inclined to revolve things in the mind; meditative. Revolvable (a.) That may be revolved. Revolved (imp. & p. p.) of Revolve Revolving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Revolve Revolve (v. i.) To turn or roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel; to rotate, -- which is the more specific word in this sense. Revolve (v. i.) To move in a curved path round a center; as, the planets revolve round the sun. Revolve (v. i.) To pass in cycles; as, the centuries revolve. Revolve (v. i.) To return; to pass. Revolve (v. t.) To cause to turn, as on an axis. Revolve (v. t.) Hence, to turn over and over in the mind; to reflect repeatedly upon; to consider all aspects of. Revolvement (n.) Act of revolving. Revolvency (n.) The act or state of revolving; revolution. Revolver (n.) One who, or that which, revolves; specifically, a firearm ( commonly a pistol) with several chambers or barrels so arranged as to revolve on an axis, and be discharged in succession by the same lock; a repeater. Revolving (a.) Making a revolution or revolutions; rotating; -- used also figuratively of time, seasons, etc., depending on the revolution of the earth. Revulse (v. t.) To pull back with force. Revulsion (n.) A strong pulling or drawing back; withdrawal. Revulsion (n.) A sudden reaction; a sudden and complete change; -- applied to the feelings. Revulsion (n.) The act of turning or diverting any disease from one part of the body to another. It resembles derivation, but is usually applied to a more active form of counter irritation. Revulsive (a.) Causing, or tending to, revulsion. Revulsive (n.) That which causes revulsion; specifically (Med.), a revulsive remedy or agent. Rew (n.) A row. Rewake (v. t. & i.) To wake again. Rewarded (imp. & p. p.) of Reward Rewarding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reward Reward (v. t.) To give in return, whether good or evil; -- commonly in a good sense; to requite; to recompense; to repay; to compensate. Reward (n.) Regard; respect; consideration. Reward (n.) That which is given in return for good or evil done or received; esp., that which is offered or given in return for some service or attainment, as for excellence in studies, for the return of something lost, etc.; recompense; requital. Reward (n.) Hence, the fruit of one's labor or works. Reward (n.) Compensation or remuneration for services; a sum of money paid or taken for doing, or forbearing to do, some act. Rewardable (a.) Worthy of reward. Rewarder (n.) One who rewards. Rewardful (a.) Yielding reward. Rewardless (a.) Having, or affording, no reward. Rewe (v. t. & i.) To rue. Rewel bone () An obsolete phrase of disputed meaning, -- perhaps, smooth or polished bone. Rewet (n.) A gunlock. Rewful (a.) Rueful. Rewin (v. t.) To win again, or win back. Rewle (n. & v.) Rule. Rewme (n.) Realm. Reword (v. t.) To repeat in the same words; to reecho. Reword (v. t.) To alter the wording of; to restate in other words; as, to reword an idea or a passage. Rewrite (v. t.) To write again. Rewth (n.) Ruth. Reges (pl. ) of Rex Rex (n.) A king. Reyn (n.) Rain or rein. Reynard (n.) An appelation applied after the manner of a proper name to the fox. Same as Renard. Reyse (v. t.) To raise. Reyse (v. i.) To go on a military expedition. Rhabarbarate (a.) Impregnated or tinctured with rhubarb. Rhabarbarin (n.) Alt. of Rhabarbarine Rhabarbarine (n.) Chrysophanic acid. Rhabdite (n.) A minute smooth rodlike or fusiform structure found in the tissues of many Turbellaria. Rhabdite (n.) One of the hard parts forming the ovipositor of insects. Rhabdocoela (n. pl.) A suborder of Turbellaria including those that have a simple cylindrical, or saclike, stomach, without an intestine. Rhabdocoelous (a.) Of or pertaining to the Rhabdocoela. Rhabdoidal (a.) See Sagittal. Rhabdolith (n.) A minute calcareous rodlike structure found both at the surface and the bottom of the ocean; -- supposed by some to be a calcareous alga. Rhabdology (n.) Same as Rabdology. Rhabdom (n.) One of numerous minute rodlike structures formed of two or more cells situated behind the retinulae in the compound eyes of insects, etc. See Illust. under Ommatidium. Rhabdomancy (n.) Same as Rabdomancy. Rhabdomere (n.) One of the several parts composing a rhabdom. Rhabdophora (n. pl.) An extinct division of Hydrozoa which includes the graptolities. Rhabdopleura (n.) A genus of marine Bryozoa in which the tubular cells have a centralchitinous axis and the tentacles are borne on a bilobed lophophore. It is the type of the order Pterobranchia, or Podostomata Rhabdosphere (n.) A minute sphere composed of rhabdoliths. Rhachialgia (n.) See Rachialgia. Rhachidian (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhachis; as, the rhachidian teeth of a mollusk. Rhachiglossa (n. pl.) A division of marine gastropods having a retractile proboscis and three longitudinal rows of teeth on the radula. It includes many of the large ornamental shells, as the miters, murices, olives, purpuras, volutes, and whelks. See Illust. in Append. Rhachilla (n.) A branch of inflorescence; the zigzag axis on which the florets are arranged in the spikelets of grasses. Rhachiodont (a.) Having gular teeth formed by a peculiar modification of the inferior spines of some of the vertebrae, as certain South African snakes (Dasypeltis) which swallow birds' eggs and use these gular teeth to crush them. Rhachises (pl. ) of Rhachis Rhachides (pl. ) of Rhachis Rhachis (n.) The spine. Rhachis (n.) The continued stem or midrib of a pinnately compound leaf, as in a rose leaf or a fern. Rhachis (n.) The principal axis in a raceme, spike, panicle, or corymb. Rhachis (n.) The shaft of a feather. The rhachis of the after-shaft, or plumule, is called the hyporhachis. Rhachis (n.) The central cord in the stem of a crinoid. Rhachis (n.) The median part of the radula of a mollusk. Rhachis (n.) A central cord of the ovary of nematodes. Rhachitis (n.) See Rachitis. Rhadamanthine (a.) Of or pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously just; as, a Rhadamanthine judgment. Rhadamanthus (n.) One of the three judges of the infernal regions; figuratively, a strictly just judge. Rh/tian (a & n.) Rhetain. Rh/tic (a.) Pertaining to, or of the same horizon as, certain Mesozoic strata of the Rhetian Alps. These strata are regarded as closing the Triassic period. See the Chart of Geology. Rh/tizite (n.) A variety of the mineral cyanite. Rhamadan (n.) See Ramadan. Rhamnaceous (a.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of shrubs and trees (Rhamnaceae, or Rhamneae) of which the buckthorn (Rhamnus) is the type. It includes also the New Jersey tea, the supple-jack, and one of the plants called lotus (Zizyphus). Rhamnus (n.) A genus of shrubs and small trees; buckthorn. The California Rhamnus Purshianus and the European R. catharticus are used in medicine. The latter is used for hedges. Rhamphorhynchus (n.) A genus of pterodactyls in which the elongated tail supported a leathery expansion at the tip. Rhamphothecae (pl. ) of Rhamphotheca Rhamphotheca (n.) The horny covering of the bill of birds. Rhaphe (n.) The continuation of the seed stalk along the side of an anatropous ovule or seed, forming a ridge or seam. Rhaphides (n. pl.) Minute transparent, often needle-shaped, crystals found in the tissues of plants. Rhaponticine (n.) Chrysophanic acid. Rhapsode (n.) A rhapsodist. Rhapsoder (n.) A rhapsodist. Rhapsodic (a.) Alt. of Rhapsodic Rhapsodic (a.) Of or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; hence, confused; unconnected. Rhapsodist (n.) Anciently, one who recited or composed a rhapsody; especially, one whose profession was to recite the verses of Hormer and other epic poets. Rhapsodist (n.) Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a livelihood; one who makes and repeats verses extempore. Rhapsodist (n.) One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with great excitement or affectation of feeling. Rhapsodized (imp. & p. p.) of Rhapsodize Rhapsodizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rhapsodize Rhapsodize (v. t.) To utter as a rhapsody, or in the manner of a rhapsody Rhapsodize (v. i.) To utter rhapsodies. Rhapsodomancy (n.) Divination by means of verses. Rhapsodies (pl. ) of Rhapsody Rhapsody (n.) A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic poem adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one time; hence, a division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; -- called also a book. Rhapsody (n.) A disconnected series of sentences or statements composed under excitement, and without dependence or natural connection; rambling composition. Rhapsody (n.) A composition irregular in form, like an improvisation; as, Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies." Rhatany (n.) Alt. of Rhatanhy Rhatanhy (n.) The powerfully astringent root of a half-shrubby Peruvian plant (Krameria triandra). It is used in medicine and to color port wine. Rhea (n.) The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See Grass-cloth plant, under Grass. Rhea (n.) Any one of three species of large South American ostrichlike birds of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. Called also the American ostrich. Rheae (n. pl.) A suborder of struthious birds including the rheas. Rheeboc (n.) The peele. Rheic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called chrysophanic acid) found in rhubarb (Rheum). Rhein (n.) Chrysophanic acid. Rheinberry (n.) One of the berries or drupes of the European buckthorn; also, the buckthorn itself. Rhematic (a.) Having a verb for its base; derived from a verb; as, rhematic adjectives. Rhematic (n.) The doctrine of propositions or sentences. Rhemish (a.) Of or pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France. Rhenish (a.) Of or pertaining to the river Rhine; as, Rhenish wine. Rhenish (n.) Rhine wine. Rheochord (n.) A metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a circuit, or varying the strength of an electric current, by inserting a greater or less length of it in the circuit. Rheometer (n.) An instrument for measuring currents, especially the force or intensity of electrical currents; a galvanometer. Rheometer (n.) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood current in the arteries. Rheometric (a.) Of or pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry. Rheometry (n.) The measurement of the force or intensity of currents. Rheometry (n.) The calculus; fluxions. Rheomotor (n.) Any apparatus by which an electrical current is originated. Rheophore (n.) A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic apparatus, traversed by a current. Rheophore (n.) One of the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode. Rheoscope (n.) An instrument for detecting the presence or movement of currents, as of electricity. Rheostat (n.) A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of resistance which can be varied at will. Rheotome (n.) An instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an electric current. Rheotrope (n.) An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric current. Rhesus (n.) A monkey; the bhunder. Rhetian (a.) Pertaining to the ancient Rhaeti, or Rhaetians, or to Rhaetia, their country; as, the Rhetian Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the Grisons. Rhetic (a.) Same as Rhaetic. Rhetizite (n.) Same as Rhaetizite. Rhetor (n.) A rhetorician. Rhetoric (n.) The art of composition; especially, elegant composition in prose. Rhetoric (n.) Oratory; the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and force. Rhetoric (n.) Hence, artificial eloquence; fine language or declamation without conviction or earnest feeling. Rhetoric (n.) Fig. : The power of persuasion or attraction; that which allures or charms. Rhetorical (a.) Of or pertaining to rhetoric; according to, or exhibiting, rhetoric; oratorical; as, the rhetorical art; a rhetorical treatise; a rhetorical flourish. Rhetoricate (v. i.) To play the orator. Rhetorication (n.) Rhetorical amplification. Rhetorician (n.) One well versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric. Rhetorician (n.) A teacher of rhetoric. Rhetorician (n.) An orator; specifically, an artificial orator without genuine eloquence; a declaimer. Rhetorician (a.) Suitable to a master of rhetoric. Rhetorized (imp. & p. p.) of Rhetorize Rhetorizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rhetorize Rhetorize (v. i.) To play the orator. Rhetorize (v. t.) To represent by a figure of rhetoric, or by personification. Rheum (n.) A genus of plants. See Rhubarb. Rheum (n.) A serous or mucous discharge, especially one from the eves or nose. Rheumatic (a.) Derived from, or having the character of, rheum; rheumic. Rheumatic (a.) Of or pertaining to rheumatism; as, rheumatic pains or affections; affected with rheumatism; as, a rheumatic old man; causing rheumatism; as, a rheumatic day. Rheumatic (n.) One affected with rheumatism. Rheumatism (n.) A general disease characterized by painful, often multiple, local inflammations, usually affecting the joints and muscles, but also extending sometimes to the deeper organs, as the heart. Rheumatismal (a.) Of or pertaining to rheumatism. Rheumatismoid (a.) Of or resembling rheum or rheumatism. Rheumic (a.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, rheum. Rheumides (n. pl.) The class of skin disease developed by the dartrous diathesis. See under Dartrous. Rheumy (a.) Of or pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, rheum; affected with rheum. Rhigolene (n.) A mixture of volatile hydrocarbons intermediate between gsolene and cymogene. It is obtained in the purification of crude petroleum, and is used as a refregerant. Rhime (n.) See Rhyme. Rhinal (a.) Og or pertaining to the nose or olfactory organs. Rhinaster (n.) The borele. Rhine (n.) A water course; a ditch. Rhinencephalic (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhinencephalon. Rhinencephala (pl. ) of Rhinencephalon Rhinencephalon (n.) The division of the brain in front of the prosencephalon, consisting of the two olfactory lobes from which the olfactory nerves arise. Rhinestone (n.) A colorless stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much used as an inexpensive ornament. Rhinitis (n.) Infllammation of the nose; esp., inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nostrils. Rhino (n.) Gold and silver, or money. Rhino- () A combining form from Greek //, ///, the nose, as in rhinolith, rhinology. Rhinocerial (a.) Alt. of Rhinocerical Rhinocerical (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros; resembling the rhinoceros, or his horn. Rhinoceros (n.) Any pachyderm belonging to the genera Rhinoceros, Atelodus, and several allied genera of the family Rhinocerotidae, of which several living, and many extinct, species are known. They are large and powerful, and usually have either one or two stout conical median horns on the snout. Rhinocerote (n.) A rhinoceros. Rhinocerotic (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros. Rhinolite (n.) Alt. of Rhinolith Rhinolith (n.) A concretion formed within the cavities of the nose. Rhinological (a.) Of or pertaining to rhinology. Rhinologist (n.) One skilled in rhinology. Rhinology (n.) The science which treats of the nose, and its diseases. Rhinolophid (n.) Any species of the genus Rhinilophus, or family Rhinolophidae, having a horseshoe-shaped nasal crest; a horseshoe bat. Rhinolophine (a.) Like or pertaining to the rhinolophids, or horseshoe bats. Rhinophore (n.) One of the two tentacle-like organs on the back of the head or neck of a nudibranch or tectibranch mollusk. They are usually retractile, and often transversely furrowed or plicate, and are regarded as olfactory organs. Called also dorsal tentacles. See Illust. under Pygobranchia, and Opisthobranchia. Rhinoplastic (a.) Of or pertaining to rhinoplasty; as, a rhinoplastic operation. Rhinoplasty (n.) Plastic surgery of the nose to correct deformity or to replace lost tissue. Tissue may be transplanted from the patient's cheek, forehead, arm, etc., or even from another person. Rhinopome (n.) Any old-world bat of the genus Rhinopoma. The rhinopomes have a long tail extending beyond the web, and inhabit caves and tombs. Rhinoscleroma (n.) A rare disease of the skin, characterized by the development of very hard, more or less flattened, prominences, appearing first upon the nose and subsequently upon the neighboring parts, esp. the lips, palate, and throat. Rhinoscope (n.) A small mirror for use in rhinoscopy. Rhinoscopic (a.) Of or pertaining to rhinoscopy. Rhinoscopy (n.) The examination or study of the soft palate, posterior nares, etc., by means of a laryngoscopic mirror introduced into the pharynx. Rhinothecae (pl. ) of Rhinotheca Rhinotheca (n.) The sheath of the upper mandible of a bird. Rhipidoglossa (n. pl.) A division of gastropod mollusks having a large number of long, divergent, hooklike, lingual teeth in each transverse row. It includes the scutibranchs. See Illustration in Appendix. Rhipipter (n.) One of the Rhipiptera, a group of insects having wings which fold like a fan; a strepsipter. Rhipipteran (n.) Same as Rhipipter. Rhizanthous (a.) Producing flowers from a rootstock, or apparently from a root. Rhizine (n.) A rootlike filament or hair growing from the stems of mosses or on lichens; a rhizoid. Rhizocarpous (a.) Having perennial rootstocks or bulbs, but annual flowering stems; -- said of all perennial herbs. Rhizocephala (n. pl.) A division of Pectostraca including saclike parasites of Crustacea. They adhere by rootlike extensions of the head. See Illusration in Appendix. Rhizodont (n.) A reptile whose teeth are rooted in sockets, as the crocodile. Rhizogan (a.) Prodicing roots. Rhizogen (n.) One of a proposed class of flowering plants growning on the roots of other plants and destitute of green foliage. Rhizoid (n.) A rootlike appendage. Rhizomata (pl. ) of Rhizoma Rhizoma (n.) SAme as Rhizome. Rhizomatous (a.) Having the nature or habit of a rhizome or rootstock. Rhizome (n.) A rootstock. See Rootstock. Rhizophaga (n. pl.) A division of marsupials. The wombat is the type. Rhizophagous (a.) Feeding on roots; root-eating. Rhizophora (n.) A genus of trees including the mangrove. See Mangrove. Rhizophorous (a.) Bearing roots. Rhizopod (n.) One of the Rhizopoda. Rhizopoda (n. pl.) An extensive class of Protozoa, including those which have pseudopodia, by means of which they move about and take their food. The principal groups are Lobosa (or Am/bea), Helizoa, Radiolaria, and Foraminifera (or Reticularia). See Protozoa. Rhizopodous (a.) Of or pertaining to the rhizopods. Rhizostomata (n. pl.) A suborder of Medusae which includes very large species without marginal tentacles, but having large mouth lobes closely united at the edges. See Illust. in Appendix. Rhizostome (n.) One of the Rhizostomata. Rhizotaxis (n.) The arrangement of the roots of plants. Rhob (n.) See 1st Rob. Rhodammonium (a.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, rhodium and ammonia; -- said of certain complex compounds. Rhodanate (n.) A salt of rhodanic acid; a sulphocyanate. Rhodanic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called sulphocyanic acid) which frms a red color with ferric salts. Rhodeoretin (n.) Same as Convolvuln. Rhodian (a.) Of or pertaining to Rhodes, an island of the Mediterranean. Rhodian (n.) A native or inhabitant of Rhodes. Rhodic (a.) Of or pertaining to rhodium; containing rhodium. Rhodium (n.) A rare element of the light platinum group. It is found in platinum ores, and obtained free as a white inert metal which it is very difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic weight 104.1. Specific gravity 12. Rhodizonic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline substance (called rhodizonic acid, and carboxylic acid) obtained from potassium carboxide and from certain quinones. It forms brilliant red, yellow, and purple salts. Rhodochrosite (n.) Manganese carbonate, a rose-red mineral sometimes occuring crystallized, but generally massive with rhombohedral cleavage like calcite; -- called also dialogite. Rhodocrinite (n.) A rose encrinite. Rhododendron (n.) A genus of shrubs or small trees, often having handsome evergreen leaves, and remarkable for the beauty of their flowers; rosebay. Rhodomontade (n.) See Rodomontade. Rhodomontader (n.) See Rodomontador. Rhodonite (n.) Manganese spar, or silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring crystallised and in rose-red masses. It is often used as an ornamental stone. Rhodophane (n.) The red pigment contained in the inner segments of the cones of the retina in animals. See Chromophane. Rhodopsin (n.) The visual purple. See under Visual. Rhodosperm (n.) Any seaweed with red spores. Rhomb (n.) An equilateral parallelogram, or quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and the opposite sides parallel. The angles may be unequal, two being obtuse and two acute, as in the cut, or the angles may be equal, in which case it is usually called a square. Rhomb (n.) A rhombohedron. Rhombic (a.) Shaped like a rhomb. Rhombic (a.) Same as Orthorhombic. Rhomboganoid (n.) A ganoid fish having rhombic enameled scales; one of the Rhomboganoidei. Rhomboganoidei (n. pl.) Same as Ginglymodi. Rhombogene (n.) A dicyemid which produces infusorialike embryos; -- opposed to nematogene. See Dicyemata. Rhombohedral (a.) Related to the rhombohedron; presenting the form of a rhombohedron, or a form derivable from a rhombohedron; relating to a system of forms including the rhombohedron and scalenohedron. Rhombohedric (a.) Rhombohedral. Rhombohedron (n.) A solid contained by six rhomboids; a parallelopiped. Rhomboid (n.) An oblique-angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only the opposite sides equal, the length and with being different. Rhomboid (a.) Same as Rhomboidal. Rhomboidal (a.) Having, or approaching, the shape of a rhomboid. Rhomboides (n.) A rhomboid. Rhomboid-ovate (a.) Between rhomboid and ovate, or oval, in shape. Rhomb spar () A variety of dolomite. Rhombus (n.) Same as Rhomb, 1. Rhonchal (a.) Rhonchial. Rhonchial (a.) Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced by rhonchi. Rhonchisonant (a.) Making a snorting noise; snorting. Rhonchi (pl. ) of Rhonchus Rhonchus (n.) An adventitious whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partially obstructed. By some writers the term rhonchus is used as equivalent to rale in its widest sense. See Rale. Rhopalic (a.) Applied to a line or verse in which each successive word has one more syllable than the preceding. Rhopalia (pl. ) of Rhopalium Rhopalium (n.) One of the marginal sensory bodies of medusae belonging to the Discophora. Rhopalocera (n. pl.) A division of Lepidoptera including all the butterflies. They differ from other Lepidoptera in having club-shaped antennae. Rhotacism (n.) An oversounding, or a misuse, of the letter r; specifically (Phylol.), the tendency, exhibited in the Indo-European languages, to change s to r, as wese to were. Rhubarb (n.) The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus Rheum and order Polygonaceae. Rhubarb (n.) The large and fleshy leafstalks of Rheum Rhaponticum and other species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid, and are used in cookery. Called also pieplant. Rhubarb (n.) The root of several species of Rheum, used much as a cathartic medicine. Rhubarby (a.) Like rhubarb. Rhumb (n.) A line which crosses successive meridians at a constant angle; -- called also rhumb line, and loxodromic curve. See Loxodromic. Rhus (n.) A genus of shrubs and small treets. See Sumac. Rhusma (n.) A mixtire of caustic lime and orpiment, or tersulphide of arsenic, -- used in the depilation of hides. Rhyme (n.) An expression of thought in numbers, measure, or verse; a composition in verse; a rhymed tale; poetry; harmony of language. Rhyme (n.) Correspondence of sound in the terminating words or syllables of two or more verses, one succeeding another immediately or at no great distance. The words or syllables so used must not begin with the same consonant, or if one begins with a vowel the other must begin with a consonant. The vowel sounds and accents must be the same, as also the sounds of the final consonants if there be any. Rhyme (n.) Verses, usually two, having this correspondence with each other; a couplet; a poem containing rhymes. Rhyme (n.) A word answering in sound to another word. Rhymed (imp. & p. p.) of Rhyme Rhyming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rhyme Rhyme (n.) To make rhymes, or verses. Rhyme (n.) To accord in rhyme or sound. Rhyme (v. t.) To put into rhyme. Rhyme (v. t.) To influence by rhyme. Rhymeless (a.) Destitute of rhyme. Rhymer (n.) One who makes rhymes; a versifier; -- generally in contempt; a poor poet; a poetaster. Rhymery (n.) The art or habit of making rhymes; rhyming; -- in contempt. Rhymester (n.) A rhymer; a maker of poor poetry. Rhymic (a.) Pertaining to rhyme. Rhymist (n.) A rhymer; a rhymester. Rhynchobdellea (n. pl.) A suborder of leeches including those that have a protractile proboscis, without jaws. Clepsine is the type. Rhynchocephala (n. pl.) An order of reptiles having biconcave vertebrae, immovable quadrate bones, and many other peculiar osteological characters. Hatteria is the only living genus, but numerous fossil genera are known, some of which are among the earliest of reptiles. See Hatteria. Called also Rhynchocephalia. Rhynchocoela (n. pl.) Same as Nemertina. Rhyncholite (n.) A fossil cephalopod beak. Rhynchonella (n.) A genus of brachiopods of which some species are still living, while many are found fossil. Rhynchophora (n. pl.) A group of Coleoptera having a snoutlike head; the snout beetles, curculios, or weevils. Rhynchophore (n.) One of the Rhynchophora. Rhynchota (n. pl.) Same as Hemiptera. Rhyolite (n.) A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a fluidal structure. Rhyparography (n.) In ancient art, the painting of genre or still-life pictures. Rhysimeter (n.) An instrument, acting on the principle of Pitot's tube, for measuring the velocity of a fluid current, the speed of a ship, etc. Rhythm (n.) In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a regular succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents, etc., producing an agreeable effect, as in music poetry, the dance, or the like. Rhythm (n.) Movement in musical time, with periodical recurrence of accent; the measured beat or pulse which marks the character and expression of the music; symmetry of movement and accent. Rhythm (n.) A division of lines into short portions by a regular succession of arses and theses, or percussions and remissions of voice on words or syllables. Rhythm (n.) The harmonious flow of vocal sounds. Rhythmer (n.) One who writes in rhythm, esp. in poetic rhythm or meter. Rhythmic (a.) Alt. of Rhythmical Rhythmical (a.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm Rhythmically (adv.) In a rhythmical manner. Rhythmics (n.) The department of musical science which treats of the length of sounds. Rhythming (a.) Writing rhythm; verse making. Rhythmless (a.) Being without rhythm. Rhythmometer (n.) An instrument for marking time in musical movements. See Metronome. Rhythmus (n.) Rhythm. Rhytina (n.) See Rytina. Rial (n.) A Spanish coin. See Real. Rial (a.) Royal. Rial (n.) A gold coin formerly current in England, of the value of ten shillings sterling in the reign of Henry VI., and of fifteen shillings in the reign of Elizabeth. Riant (a.) Laughing; laughable; exciting gayety; gay; merry; delightful to the view, as a landscape. Rib (n.) One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax. Rib (n.) That which resembles a rib in form or use. Rib (n.) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel. Rib (n.) A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it. Rib (n.) One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended. Rib (n.) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth. Rib (n.) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a double-barreled gun. Rib (n.) The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf. Rib (n.) Any longitudinal ridge in a plant. Rib (n.) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these in wood, plaster, or the like. Rib (n.) A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like. Rib (n.) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein. Rib (n.) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support. Rib (n.) A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib. Ribbed (imp. & p. p.) of Rib Ribbing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rib Rib (v. t.) To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib cloth. Rib (v. t.) To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in. Ribald (n./) A low, vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd fellow. Ribald (a.) Low; base; mean; filthy; obscene. Ribaldish (a.) Like a ribald. Ribaldrous (a.) Of a ribald quality. Ribaldry (n.) The talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency; obscenity; lewdness; -- now chiefly applied to indecent language, but formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct. Riban (n.) See Ribbon. Riband (n.) See Ribbon. Riband (n.) See Rib-band. Ribanded (a.) Ribboned. Ribaud (n.) A ribald. Ribaudequin (n.) An engine of war used in the Middle Ages, consisting of a protected elevated staging on wheels, and armed in front with pikes. It was (after the 14th century) furnished with small cannon. Ribaudequin (n.) A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town for casting javelins. Ribaudred (a.) Alt. of Ribaudrous Ribaudrous (a.) Filthy; obscene; ribald. Ribaudry (n.) Ribaldry. Ribaudy (n.) Ribaldry. Ribauld (n.) A ribald. Ribband (n.) A ribbon. Ribband (n.) A long, narrow strip of timber bent and bolted longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel, to hold them in position, and give rigidity to the framework. Ribbed (a.) Furnished or formed with ribs; as, a ribbed cylinder; ribbed cloth. Ribbed (a.) Intercalated with slate; -- said of a seam of coal. Ribbing (n.) An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like. Ribbon (n.) A fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a woman's attire, for badges, and other decorative purposes. Ribbon (n.) A narrow strip or shred; as, a steel or magnesium ribbon; sails torn to ribbons. Ribbon (n.) Same as Rib-band. Ribbon (n.) Driving reins. Ribbon (n.) A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide. Ribbon (n.) A silver. Ribboned (imp. & p. p.) of Ribbon Ribboning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ribbon Ribbon (v. t.) To adorn with, or as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes resembling ribbons. Ribbonism (n.) The principles and practices of the Ribbonmen. See Ribbon Society, under Ribbon. -men (pl. ) of Ribbonman Ribbonman (n.) A member of the Ribbon Society. See Ribbon Society, under Ribbon. Ribbonwood (n.) A malvaceous tree (Hoheria populnea) of New Zealand, the bark of which is used for cordage. Ribes (n.) A genus of shrubs including gooseberries and currants of many kinds. Ribibe (n.) A sort of stringed instrument; a rebec. Ribibe (n.) An old woman; -- in contempt. Ribibe (n.) A bawd; a prostitute. Ribible (n.) A small threestringed viol; a rebec. Ribless (a.) Having no ribs. Ribroast (v. t.) To beat soundly. Ribwort (n.) A species of plantain (Plantago lanceolata) with long, narrow, ribbed leaves; -- called also rib grass, ripple grass, ribwort plantain. -ric () A suffix signifying dominion, jurisdiction; as, bishopric, the district over which a bishop exercises authority. Rice (n.) A well-known cereal grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed. Ricebird (n.) The Java sparrow. Ricebird (n.) The bobolink. Rice-shell (n.) Any one of numerous species of small white polished marine shells of the genus Olivella. Rich (superl.) Having an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large amount of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money; wealthy; opulent; affluent; -- opposed to poor. Rich (superl.) Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding; abundant; copious; bountiful; as, a rich treasury; a rich entertainment; a rich crop. Rich (superl.) Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful; as, rich soil or land; a rich mine. Rich (superl.) Composed of valuable or costly materials or ingredients; procured at great outlay; highly valued; precious; sumptuous; costly; as, a rich dress; rich silk or fur; rich presents. Rich (superl.) Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities; -- especially applied to articles of food or drink which are high-seasoned or abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet, luscious, and high-flavored; as, a rich dish; rich cream or soup; rich pastry; rich wine or fruit. Rich (superl.) Not faint or delicate; vivid; as, a rich color. Rich (superl.) Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; as, a rich voice; rich music. Rich (superl.) Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; as, a rich landscape; rich scenery. Rich (superl.) Abounding in humor; exciting amusement; entertaining; as, the scene was a rich one; a rich incident or character. Rich (v. t.) To enrich. Riches (a.) That which makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods, money, or other property; wealth; opulence; affluence. Riches (a.) That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or the like. Richesse (n.) Wealth; riches. See the Note under Riches. Richly (adv.) In a rich manner. Richness (n.) The quality or state of being rich (in any sense of the adjective). Richweed (n.) An herb (Pilea pumila) of the Nettle family, having a smooth, juicy, pellucid stem; -- called also clearweed. Ricinelaidic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric modification of ricinoleic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid. Ricinelaidin (n.) The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic acid, obtained as a white crystalline waxy substance by treating castor oil with nitrous acid. Ricinic (a.) Pertaining to, or derived from, castor oil; formerly, designating an acid now called ricinoleic acid. Ricinine (n.) A bitter white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the castor-oil plant. Ricinoleate (n.) A salt of ricinoleic acid; -- formerly called palmate. Ricinoleic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty acid analogous to oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily substance, C/H/O/ with a harsh taste. Formerly written ricinolic. Ricinolein (n.) The glycerin salt of ricinoleic acid, occuring as a characteristic constituent of castor oil; -- formerly called palmin. Ricinolic (a.) Ricinoleic. Ricinus (n.) A genus of plants of the Spurge family, containing but one species (R. communis), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is three-celled, and contains three large seeds from which castor oil iss expressed. See Palma Christi. Rick (n.) A stack or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air, usually protected from wet with thatching. Rick (v. t.) To heap up in ricks, as hay, etc. Ricker (n.) A stout pole for use in making a rick, or for a spar to a boat. Ricketish (a.) Rickety. Rickets (n. pl.) A disease which affects children, and which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs, depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often premature mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease appears to be the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid tissues. Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk unsteadily. Called also rachitis. Rickety (a.) Affected with rickets. Rickety (a.) Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak; shaky. Rickrack (n.) A kind of openwork edging made of serpentine braid. Rickstand (n.) A flooring or framework on which a rick is made. Ricochet (n.) A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone thrown along the surface of water. Ricochetted (imp. & p. p.) of Ricochet Ricochetting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ricochet Ricochet (v. t.) To operate upon by ricochet firing. See Ricochet, n. Ricochet (v. i.) To skip with a rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the surface of water, or a cannon ball on the ground. See Ricochet, n. Rictal (a.) Of or pertaining to the rictus; as, rictal bristles. Ricture (n.) A gaping. Rictus (n.) The gape of the mouth, as of birds; -- often resricted to the corners of the mouth. Rid () imp. & p. p. of Ride, v. i. Rid (imp. & p. p.) of Rid Ridded () of Rid Ridding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rid Rid (v. t.) To save; to rescue; to deliver; -- with out of. Rid (v. t.) To free; to clear; to disencumber; -- followed by of. Rid (v. t.) To drive away; to remove by effort or violence; to make away with; to destroy. Rid (v. t.) To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to finish. Ridable (a.) Suitable for riding; as, a ridable horse; a ridable road. Riddance (n.) The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a cleaning up or out. Riddance (n.) The state of being rid or free; freedom; escape. Ridden () p. p. of Ride. Ridder (n.) One who, or that which, rids. Riddle (n.) A sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for separating coarser materials from finer, as chaff from grain, cinders from ashes, or gravel from sand. Riddle (n.) A board having a row of pins, set zigzag, between which wire is drawn to straighten it. Riddled (imp. & p. p.) of Riddle Riddling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Riddle Riddle (v. t.) To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass through a riddle; as, riddle wheat; to riddle coal or gravel. Riddle (v. t.) To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to make many holes in; as, a house riddled with shot. Riddle (n.) Something proposed to be solved by guessing or conjecture; a puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence, anything ambiguous or puzzling. Riddle (v. t.) To explain; to solve; to unriddle. Riddle (v. i.) To speak ambiguously or enigmatically. Riddler (n.) One who riddles (grain, sand, etc.). Riddler (n.) One who speaks in, or propounds, riddles. Riddling (a.) Speaking in a riddle or riddles; containing a riddle. Rode (imp.) of Ride Rid () of Ride Ridden (p. p.) of Ride Rid () of Ride Riding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ride Ride (v. i.) To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse. Ride (v. i.) To be borne in a carriage; as, to ride in a coach, in a car, and the like. See Synonym, below. Ride (v. i.) To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to lie. Ride (v. i.) To be supported in motion; to rest. Ride (v. i.) To manage a horse, as an equestrian. Ride (v. i.) To support a rider, as a horse; to move under the saddle; as, a horse rides easy or hard, slow or fast. Ride (v. t.) To sit on, so as to be carried; as, to ride a horse; to ride a bicycle. Ride (v. t.) To manage insolently at will; to domineer over. Ride (v. t.) To convey, as by riding; to make or do by riding. Ride (v. t.) To overlap (each other); -- said of bones or fractured fragments. Ride (n.) The act of riding; an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle. Ride (n.) A saddle horse. Ride (n.) A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through grounds, to be used as a place for riding; a riding. Rideau (n.) A small mound of earth; ground slightly elevated; a small ridge. Riden () imp. pl. & p. p. of Ride. Rident (a.) Laughing. Rider (n.) One who, or that which, rides. Rider (n.) Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of goods to obtain orders; a commercial traveler. Rider (n.) One who breaks or manages a horse. Rider (n.) An addition or amendment to a manuscript or other document, which is attached on a separate piece of paper; in legislative practice, an additional clause annexed to a bill while in course of passage; something extra or burdensome that is imposed. Rider (n.) A problem of more than usual difficulty added to another on an examination paper. Rider (n.) A Dutch gold coin having the figure of a man on horseback stamped upon it. Rider (n.) Rock material in a vein of ore, dividing it. Rider (n.) An interior rib occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame. Rider (n.) The second tier of casks in a vessel's hold. Rider (n.) A small forked weight which straddles the beam of a balance, along which it can be moved in the manner of the weight on a steelyard. Rider (n.) A robber. Riderless (a.) Having no rider; as, a riderless horse. Ridge (n.) The back, or top of the back; a crest. Ridge (n.) A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part of such a range; any extended elevation between valleys. Ridge (n.) A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up by a plow or left between furrows or ditches, or as on the surface of metal, cloth, or bone, etc. Ridge (n.) The intersection of two surface forming a salient angle, especially the angle at the top between the opposite slopes or sides of a roof or a vault. Ridge (n.) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way. Ridged (imp. & p. p.) of Ridge Ridging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ridge Ridge (v. t.) To form a ridge of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make into a ridge or ridges. Ridge (v. t.) To form into ridges with the plow, as land. Ridge (v. t.) To wrinkle. Ridgeband (n.) The part of a harness which passes over the saddle, and supports the shafts of a cart; -- called also ridgerope, and ridger. Ridgebone (n.) The backbone. Ridgel (n.) Same as Ridgelling. Ridgelet (n.) A little ridge. Ridgeling (n.) A half-castrated male animal. Ridgepiece (n.) Alt. of Ridgeplate Ridgeplate (n.) See Ridgepole. Ridgepole (n.) The timber forming the ridge of a roof, into which the rafters are secured. Ridgerope (n.) See Life line (a), under Life. Ridgingly (adv.) So as to form ridges. Ridgy (a.) Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge. Ridicle (n.) Ridicule. Ridicule (n.) An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a laughing matter. Ridicule (n.) Remarks concerning a subject or a person designed to excite laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of that species which provokes contemptuous laughter; disparagement by making a person an object of laughter; banter; -- a term lighter than derision. Ridicule (n.) Quality of being ridiculous; ridiculousness. Ridiculed (imp. & p. p.) of Ridicule Ridiculing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ridicule Ridicule (v. t.) To laugh at mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule toward or respecting. Ridicule (a.) Ridiculous. Ridiculer (n.) One who ridicules. Ridiculize (v. t.) To make ridiculous; to ridicule. Ridiculosity (n.) The quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness; also, something ridiculous. Ridiculous (a.) Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable; unworthy of serious consideration; as, a ridiculous dress or behavior. Ridiculous (a.) Involving or expressing ridicule. Riding (n.) One of the three jurisdictions into which the county of York, in England, is divided; -- formerly under the government of a reeve. They are called the North, the East, and the West, Riding. Riding (a.) Employed to travel; traveling; as, a riding clerk. Riding (a.) Used for riding on; as, a riding horse. Riding (a.) Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to riding; as, a riding whip; a riding habit; a riding day. Riding (n.) The act or state of one who rides. Riding (n.) A festival procession. Riding (n.) Same as Ride, n., 3. Riding (n.) A district in charge of an excise officer. Ridotto (n.) A favorite Italian public entertainment, consisting of music and dancing, -- held generally on fast eves. Ridotto (v. i.) To hold ridottos. Rie (n.) See Rye. Rief (n.) Robbery. Rietboc (n.) The reedbuck, a South African antelope (Cervicapra arundinacea); -- so called from its frequenting dry places covered with high grass or reeds. Its color is yellowish brown. Called also inghalla, and rietbok. Rife (a.) Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. Rife (a.) Having power; active; nimble. Riffle (n.) A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when auriferous earth is washed; also, one of the cleats, grooves, or steps in such a trough. Also called ripple. Riffler (n.) A curved file used in carving wool and marble. Riffraff (n.) Sweepings; refuse; the lowest order of society. Rifled (imp. & p. p.) of Rifle Rifling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rifle Rifle (v. t.) To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry off. Rifle (v. t.) To strip; to rob; to pillage. Rifle (v. t.) To raffle. Rifle (v. i.) To raffle. Rifle (v. i.) To commit robbery. Rifle (n.) A gun, the inside of whose barrel is grooved with spiral channels, thus giving the ball a rotary motion and insuring greater accuracy of fire. As a military firearm it has superseded the musket. Rifle (n.) A body of soldiers armed with rifles. Rifle (n.) A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material, used for sharpening scythes. Rifle (v. t.) To grove; to channel; especially, to groove internally with spiral channels; as, to rifle a gun barrel or a cannon. Rifle (v. t.) To whet with a rifle. See Rifle, n., 3. Riflebird (n.) Any one of several species of beautiful birds of Australia and New Guinea, of the genera Ptiloris and Craspidophora, allied to the paradise birds. Rifleman (pl. ) of Rifleman Rifleman (n.) A soldier armed with a rifle. Rifler (n.) One who rifles; a robber. Rifling (n.) The act or process of making the grooves in a rifled cannon or gun barrel. Rifling (n.) The system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon. Rift () p. p. of Rive. Rift (n.) An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure. Rift (n.) A shallow place in a stream; a ford. Rifted (imp. & p. p.) of Rift Rifting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rift Rift (v. t.) To cleave; to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock; to rift the clouds. Rift (v. i.) To burst open; to split. Rift (v. i.) To belch. Rifter (n.) A rafter. Rig (n.) A ridge. Rigged (imp. & p. p.) of Rig Rigging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rig Rig (v. t.) To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling. Rig (v. t.) To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or fanciful manner; -- commonly followed by out. Rig (n.) The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are distinguished; as, schooner rig, ship rig, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Rig (n.) Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing. Rig (n.) A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming conduct. Rig (n.) A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic. Rig (n.) A blast of wind. Rig (v. i.) To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play tricks. Rig (v. t.) To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer. Rigadoon (n.) A gay, lively dance for one couple, -- said to have been borrowed from Provence in France. Riga fir () A species of pine (Pinus sylvestris), and its wood, which affords a valuable timber; -- called also Scotch pine, and red / yellow deal. It grows in all parts of Europe, in the Caucasus, and in Siberia. Rigarion (n.) See Irrigation. Rigel (n.) A fixed star of the first magnitude in the left foot of the constellation Orion. Rigescent (a.) Growing stiff or numb. Rigger (n.) One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging of a ship. Rigger (n.) A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery. Rigging (n.) DRess; tackle; especially (Naut.), the ropes, chains, etc., that support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as purchases for adjusting the sails, etc. See Illustr. of Ship and Sails. Riggish (a.) Like a rig or wanton. Riggle (v. i.) See Wriggle. Riggle (n.) The European lance fish. Right (a.) Straight; direct; not crooked; as, a right line. Right (a.) Upright; erect from a base; having an upright axis; not oblique; as, right ascension; a right pyramid or cone. Right (a.) Conformed to the constitution of man and the will of God, or to justice and equity; not deviating from the true and just; according with truth and duty; just; true. Right (a.) Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming; as, the right man in the right place; the right way from London to Oxford. Right (a.) Characterized by reality or genuineness; real; actual; not spurious. Right (a.) According with truth; passing a true judgment; conforming to fact or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not erroneous; correct; as, this is the right faith. Right (a.) Most favorable or convenient; fortunate. Right (a.) Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the muscular action is usually stronger than on the other side; -- opposed to left when used in reference to a part of the body; as, the right side, hand, arm. Also applied to the corresponding side of the lower animals. Right (a.) Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly; well regulated; correctly done. Right (a.) Designed to be placed or worn outward; as, the right side of a piece of cloth. Right (adv.) In a right manner. Right (adv.) In a right or straight line; directly; hence; straightway; immediately; next; as, he stood right before me; it went right to the mark; he came right out; he followed right after the guide. Right (adv.) Exactly; just. Right (adv.) According to the law or will of God; conforming to the standard of truth and justice; righteously; as, to live right; to judge right. Right (adv.) According to any rule of art; correctly. Right (adv.) According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really; correctly; exactly; as, to tell a story right. Right (adv.) In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly; extremely; highly; as, right humble; right noble; right valiant. Right (a.) That which is right or correct. Right (a.) The straight course; adherence to duty; obedience to lawful authority, divine or human; freedom from guilt, -- the opposite of moral wrong. Right (a.) A true statement; freedom from error of falsehood; adherence to truth or fact. Right (a.) A just judgment or action; that which is true or proper; justice; uprightness; integrity. Right (a.) That to which one has a just claim. Right (a.) That which one has a natural claim to exact. Right (a.) That which one has a legal or social claim to do or to exact; legal power; authority; as, a sheriff has a right to arrest a criminal. Right (a.) That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim to possess or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a piece of property; title; claim; interest; ownership. Right (a.) Privilege or immunity granted by authority. Right (a.) The right side; the side opposite to the left. Right (a.) In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in France), those members collectively who are conservatives or monarchists. See Center, 5. Right (a.) The outward or most finished surface, as of a piece of cloth, a carpet, etc. Righted (imp. & p. p.) of Right Righting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Right Right (a.) To bring or restore to the proper or natural position; to set upright; to make right or straight (that which has been wrong or crooked); to correct. Right (a.) To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of; as, to right the oppressed; to right one's self; also, to vindicate. Right (v. i.) To recover the proper or natural condition or position; to become upright. Right (v. i.) Hence, to regain an upright position, as a ship or boat, after careening. Right-about (n.) A turning directly about by the right, so as to face in the opposite direction; also, the quarter directly opposite; as, to turn to the right-about. Right-angled (a.) Containing a right angle or right angles; as, a right-angled triangle. Righten (v. t.) To do justice to. Righteous (a.) Doing, or according with, that which is right; yielding to all their due; just; equitable; especially, free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy; as, a righteous man or act; a righteous retribution. Righteoused (a.) Made righteous. Righteously (adv.) In a righteous manner; as, to judge righteously. Righteousness (n.) The quality or state of being righteous; holiness; purity; uprightness; rectitude. Righteousness (n.) A righteous act, or righteous quality. Righteousness (n.) The act or conduct of one who is righteous. Righteousness (n.) The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground of justification. Righter (n.) One who sets right; one who does justice or redresses wrong. Rightful (a.) Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of persons. Rightful (a.) Consonant to justice; just; as, a rightful cause. Rightful (a.) Having the right or just claim according to established laws; being or holding by right; as, the rightful heir to a throne or an estate; a rightful king. Rightful (a.) Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by just claim; as, a rightful inheritance; rightful authority. Rightfully (adv.) According to right or justice. Rightfulness (n.) The quality or state of being rightful; accordance with right and justice. Rightfulness (n.) Moral rectitude; righteousness. Right-hand (a.) Situated or being on the right; nearer the right hand than the left; as, the right-hand side, room, or road. Right-hand (a.) Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable. Right-handed (a.) Using the right hand habitually, or more easily than the left. Right-handed (a.) Having the same direction or course as the movement of the hands of a watch seen in front; -- said of the motion of a revolving object looked at from a given direction. Right-handed (a.) Having the whorls rising from left to right; dextral; -- said of spiral shells. See Illust. of Scalaria. Right-handedness (n.) The state or quality of being right-handed; hence, skill; dexterity. Right-hearted (a.) Having a right heart or disposition. Rightless (a.) Destitute of right. Right-lined (a.) Formed by right lines; rectilineal; as, a right-lined angle. Rightly (adv.) Straightly; directly; in front. Rightly (adv.) According to justice; according to the divine will or moral rectitude; uprightly; as, duty rightly performed. Rightly (adv.) Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately. Rightly (adv.) According to truth or fact; correctly; not erroneously; exactly. Right-minded (a.) Having a right or honest mind. Rightness (n.) Straightness; as, the rightness of a line. Rightness (n.) The quality or state of being right; right relation. Right-running (a.) Straight; direct. Rightward (adv.) Toward the right. Right whale () The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale (Balaena mysticetus), from whose mouth the best whalebone is obtained. Right whale () Any other whale that produces valuable whalebone, as the Atlantic, or Biscay, right whale (Balaena cisarctica), and the Pacific right whale (B. Sieboldii); a bone whale. Rightwise (a.) Righteous. Rightwise (v. t.) To make righteous. Rightwisely (adv.) Righteously. Rightwiseness (n.) Righteousness. Rigid (a.) Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not flexible. Rigid (a.) Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible; strict; as, a rigid father or master; rigid discipline; rigid criticism; a rigid sentence. Rigidity (n.) The quality or state of being rigid; want of pliability; the quality of resisting change of form; the amount of resistance with which a body opposes change of form; -- opposed to flexibility, ductility, malleability, and softness. Rigidity (n.) Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease or elegance. Rigidity (n.) Severity; rigor. Rigidly (v.) In a rigid manner; stiffly. Rigidness (n.) The quality or state of being rigid. Rigidulous (a.) Somewhat rigid or stiff; as, a rigidulous bristle. Riglet (n.) See Reglet. Rigmarole (n.) A succession of confused or nonsensical statements; foolish talk; nonsense. Rigmarole (a.) Consisting of rigmarole; frovolous; nonsensical; foolish. Rigol (n.) A circle; hence, a diadem. Rigoll (n.) A musical instrument formerly in use, consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated by beads, and played with a stick with a ball at its end. Rigor (n.) Rigidity; stiffness. Rigor (n.) A sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in the chill preceding a fever. Rigor (n.) The becoming stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness; hardness. Rigor (n.) See 1st Rigor, 2. Rigor (n.) Severity of climate or season; inclemency; as, the rigor of the storm; the rigors of winter. Rigor (n.) Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged sternness; hardness; relentless severity; hard-heartedness; cruelty. Rigor (n.) Exactness without allowance, deviation, or indulgence; strictness; as, the rigor of criticism; to execute a law with rigor; to enforce moral duties with rigor; -- opposed to lenity. Rigor (n.) Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain, abstinence, or mortification. Rigor (n.) Violence; force; fury. Rigorism (n.) Rigidity in principle or practice; strictness; -- opposed to laxity. Rigorism (n.) Severity, as of style, or the like. Rigorist (n.) One who is rigorous; -- sometimes applied to an extreme Jansenist. Rigorous (a.) Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; as, a rigorous officer of justice; a rigorous execution of law; a rigorous definition or demonstration. Rigorous (a.) Severe; intense; inclement; as, a rigorous winter. Rigorous (a.) Violent. Rigsdaler (n.) A Danish coin worth about fifty-four cents. It was the former unit of value in Denmark. Rig-Veda () See Veda. Riksdaler (n.) A Swedish coin worth about twenty-seven cents. It was formerly the unit of value in Sweden. Riled (imp. & p. p.) of Rile Riling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rile Rile (v. t.) To render turbid or muddy; to stir up; to roil. Rile (v. t.) To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to vex. Rilievo (n.) Same as Relief, n., 5. Rill (n.) A very small brook; a streamlet. Rill (n.) See Rille. Rill (v. i.) To run a small stream. Rille (n.) One of certain narrow, crooked valleys seen, by aid of the telescope, on the surface of the moon. Rillet (n.) A little rill. Rily (a.) Roily. Rim (n.) The border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something circular or curving; as, the rim of a kettle or basin. Rim (n.) The lower part of the abdomen. Rimmed (imp. & p. p.) of Rim Rimming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rim Rim (v. t.) To furnish with a rim; to border. Rimae (pl. ) of Rima Rima (n.) A narrow and elongated aperture; a cleft; a fissure. Rimau dahan () The clouded tiger cat (Felis marmorata) of Southern Asia and the East Indies. Rimbase (n.) A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a cannon. See Illust. of Cannon. Rime (n.) A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Rime (n.) White frost; hoarfrost; congealed dew or vapor. Rimed (imp. & p. p.) of Rime Riming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rime Rime (v. i.) To freeze or congeal into hoarfrost. Rime (n.) A step or round of a ladder; a rung. Rime (n.) Rhyme. See Rhyme. Rime (v. i. & t.) To rhyme. See Rhyme. Rimer (n.) A rhymer; a versifier. Rimer (n.) A tool for shaping the rimes of a ladder. Rimey (v. t.) To compose in rhyme; to versify. Rimmer (n.) An implement for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of anything, as the edges of pies, etc.; also, a reamer. Rimose (a.) Full of rimes, fissures, or chinks. Rimose (a.) Having long and nearly parallel clefts or chinks, like those in the bark of trees. Rimosely (adv.) In a rimose manner. Rimosity (n.) State of being rimose. Rimous (a.) Rimose. Rimple (n.) A fold or wrinkle. See Rumple. Rimpled (imp. & p. p.) of Rimple Rimpling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rimple Rimple (v. t. & i.) To rumple; to wrinkle. Rimy (a.) Abounding with rime; frosty. Rind (n.) The external covering or coat, as of flesh, fruit, trees, etc.; skin; hide; bark; peel; shell. Rind (v. t.) To remove the rind of; to bark. Rinderpest (n.) A highly contagious distemper or murrain, affecting neat cattle, and less commonly sheep and goats; -- called also cattle plague, Russian cattle plague, and steppe murrain. Rindle (n.) A small water course or gutter. Rindless (a.) Destitute of a rind. Rindy (a.) Having a rind or skin. Rine (n.) See Rind. Rined (a.) Having a rind Rinforzando (a.) Increasing; strengthening; -- a direction indicating a sudden increase of force (abbreviated rf., rfz.) Cf. Forzando, and Sforzando. Rang (imp.) of Ring Rung () of Ring Rung (p. p.) of Ring Ringing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ring Ring (v. t.) To cause to sound, especially by striking, as a metallic body; as, to ring a bell. Ring (v. t.) To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to sound. Ring (v. t.) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly. Ring (v. i.) To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a metallic one. Ring (v. i.) To practice making music with bells. Ring (v. i.) To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a ringing or reverberating sound. Ring (v. i.) To continue to sound or vibrate; to resound. Ring (v. i.) To be filled with report or talk; as, the whole town rings with his fame. Ring (n.) A sound; especially, the sound of vibrating metals; as, the ring of a bell. Ring (n.) Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a sound continued, repeated, or reverberated. Ring (n.) A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned. Ring (n.) A circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a circular line or hoop. Ring (n.) Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or other precious material worn on the finger, or attached to the ear, the nose, or some other part of the person; as, a wedding ring. Ring (n.) A circular area in which races are or run or other sports are performed; an arena. Ring (n.) An inclosed space in which pugilists fight; hence, figuratively, prize fighting. Ring (n.) A circular group of persons. Ring (n.) The plane figure included between the circumferences of two concentric circles. Ring (n.) The solid generated by the revolution of a circle, or other figure, about an exterior straight line (as an axis) lying in the same plane as the circle or other figure. Ring (n.) An instrument, formerly used for taking the sun's altitude, consisting of a brass ring suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one side through which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the graduated inner surface opposite. Ring (n.) An elastic band partly or wholly encircling the spore cases of ferns. See Illust. of Sporangium. Ring (n.) A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for a selfish purpose, as to control the market, distribute offices, obtain contracts, etc. Ringed (imp. & p. p.) of Ring Ringing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ring Ring (v. t.) To surround with a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle. Ring (v. t.) To make a ring around by cutting away the bark; to girdle; as, to ring branches or roots. Ring (v. t.) To fit with a ring or with rings, as the fingers, or a swine's snout. Ring (v. i.) To rise in the air spirally. Ringbill (n.) The ring-necked scaup duck; -- called also ring-billed blackhead. See Scaup. Ringbird (n.) The reed bunting. It has a collar of white feathers. Called also ring bunting. Ringbolt (n.) An eyebolt having a ring through the eye. Ringbone (n.) A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter between or on the small pastern and the great pastern bones. Ringdove (n.) A European wild pigeon (Columba palumbus) having a white crescent on each side of the neck, whence the name. Called also wood pigeon, and cushat. Ringed (a.) Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or rings. Ringed (a.) Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully wedded. Ringent (a.) Having the lips widely separated and gaping like an open mouth; as a ringent bilabiate corolla. Ringer (n.) One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on bells. Ringer (n.) A crowbar. Ringer (n.) A horse that is not entitled to take part in a race, but is fraudulently got into it. Ringhead (n.) An instrument used for stretching woolen cloth. Ringing () a & n. from Ring, v. Ringingly (adv.) In a ringing manner. Ringleader (n.) The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the leader of a number of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of animals. Ringleader (n.) Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged in the violation of law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers, or the like. Ringlestone (n.) The ringed dotterel, or ring plover. Ringlet (n.) A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring. Ringlet (n.) A curl; especially, a curl of hair. Ringmen (pl. ) of Ringman Ringman (n.) The ring finger. Ringmaster (n.) One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a circus. Ringneck (n.) Any one of several species of small plovers of the genus Aegialitis, having a ring around the neck. The ring is black in summer, but becomes brown or gray in winter. The semipalmated plover (Ae. semipalmata) and the piping plover (Ae. meloda) are common North American species. Called also ring plover, and ring-necked plover. Ringneck (n.) The ring-necked duck. Ring-necked (a.) Having a well defined ring of color around the neck. Ringsail (n.) See Ringtail, 2. Ringstraked (a.) Ring-streaked. Ring-streaked (a.) Having circular streaks or lines on the body; as, ring-streaked goats. Ringtail (n.) A bird having a distinct band of color across the tail, as the hen harrier. Ringtail (n.) A light sail set abaft and beyong the leech of a boom-and-gaff sail; -- called also ringsail. Ring-tailed (a.) Having the tail crossed by conspicuous bands of color. Ringtoss (n.) A game in which the object is to toss a ring so that it will catch upon an upright stick. Ringworm (n.) A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored patches covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on the body, the face, or the scalp. Different varieties are distinguished as Tinea circinata, Tinea tonsurans, etc., but all are caused by the same parasite (a species of Trichophyton). Rink (n.) The smooth and level extent of ice marked off for the game of curling. Rink (n.) An artificial sheet of ice, generally under cover, used for skating; also, a floor prepared for skating on with roller skates, or a building with such a floor. Rinker (n.) One who skates at a rink. Rinking (n.) Skating in a rink. Rinsed (imp. & p. p.) of Rinse Rinsing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rinse Rinse (v. t.) To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or repeated application of water after washing. Rinse (v. t.) To cleancse by the introduction of water; -- applied especially to hollow vessels; as, to rinse a bottle. Rinse (n.) The act of rinsing. Rinser (n.) One who, or that which, rinses. Riot (n.) Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult. Riot (n.) Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; revelry. Riot (n.) The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an unlawful assembly of three or more persons in the execution of some private object. Rioted (imp. & p. p.) of Riot Rioting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Riot Riot (v. i.) To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess. Riot (v. i.) To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or sedition. See Riot, n., 3. Riot (v. t.) To spend or pass in riot. Rioter (n.) One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer. Rioter (n.) One who engages in a riot. See Riot, n., 3. Riotise (n.) Excess; tumult; revelry. Riotour (n.) A rioter. Riotous (a.) Involving, or engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained; luxurious. Riotous (a.) Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly or its acts; seditious. Riotry (n.) The act or practice of rioting; riot. Rip (n.) A wicker fish basket. Ripped (imp. & p. p.) of Rip Ripping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rip Rip (v. t.) To divide or separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; as, to rip a garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to rip up a floor; -- commonly used with up, open, off. Rip (v. t.) To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing. Rip (v. t.) To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; -- usually with up. Rip (v. t.) To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or fiber. Rip (n.) A rent made by ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a place torn; laceration. Rip (n.) A term applied to a mean, worthless thing or person, as to a scamp, a debauchee, or a prostitute, or a worn-out horse. Rip (n.) A body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing tides or currents. Riparian (a.) Of or pertaining to the bank of a river; as, riparian rights. Riparious (a.) Growing along the banks of rivers; riparian. Ripe (n.) The bank of a river. Ripe (superl.) Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection; mature; -- said of fruits, seeds, etc.; as, ripe grain. Ripe (superl.) Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow; as, ripe cheese; ripe wine. Ripe (superl.) Having attained its full development; mature; perfected; consummate. Ripe (superl.) Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; -- said of sores, tumors, etc. Ripe (superl.) Ready for action or effect; prepared. Ripe (superl.) Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and plumpness. Ripe (superl.) Intoxicated. Ripe (v. i.) To ripen; to grow ripe. Ripe (v. t.) To mature; to ripen. Ripely (adv.) Maturely; at the fit time. Ripened (imp. & p. p.) of Ripen Ripening (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ripen Ripen (v. i.) To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the like; as, grapes ripen in the sun. Ripen (v. i.) To approach or come to perfection. Ripen (v. t.) To cause to mature; to make ripe; as, the warm days ripened the corn. Ripen (v. t.) To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; as, to ripen the judgment. Ripeness (n.) The state or quality of being ripe; maturity;; completeness; perfection; as, the ripeness of grain; ripeness of manhood; ripeness of judgment. Ripidolite (n.) A translucent mineral of a green color and micaceous structure, belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous silicate of alumina, magnesia, and iron; -- called also clinochlore. Ripienist (n.) A player in the ripieno portion of an orchestra. See Ripieno. Ripieno (a.) Filling up; supplementary; supernumerary; -- a term applied to those instruments which only swell the mass or tutti of an orchestra, but are not obbligato. Ripler (n.) Alt. of Ripper Ripper (n.) One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland towns. Ripost (n.) In fencing, a return thrust after a parry. Ripost (n.) A quick and sharp refort; a repartee. Ripper (n.) One who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool. Ripper (n.) A tool for trimming the edges of roofing slates. Ripper (n.) Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc. Ripple (v.) An implement, with teeth like those of a comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, etc. Ripple (v. t.) To remove the seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by means of a ripple. Ripple (v. t.) Hence, to scratch or tear. Rippled (imp. & p. p.) of Ripple Rippling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ripple Ripple (v. i.) To become fretted or dimpled on the surface, as water when agitated or running over a rough bottom; to be covered with small waves or undulations, as a field of grain. Ripple (v. i.) To make a sound as of water running gently over a rough bottom, or the breaking of ripples on the shore. Ripple (v. t.) To fret or dimple, as the surface of running water; to cover with small waves or undulations; as, the breeze rippled the lake. Ripple (n.) The fretting or dimpling of the surface, as of running water; little curling waves. Ripple (n.) A little wave or undulation; a sound such as is made by little waves; as, a ripple of laughter. Ripple (n.) a small wave on the surface of water or other liquids for which the driving force is not gravity, but surface tension. Ripple (n.) the residual AC component in the DC current output from a rectifier, expressed as a percentage of the steady component of the current. Ripple-marked (a.) Having ripple marks. Ripplet (n.) A small ripple. Ripplingly (adv.) In a rippling manner. Ripply (a.) Having ripples; as, ripply water; hence, resembling the sound of rippling water; as, ripply laughter; a ripply cove. Riprap (n.) A foundation or sustaining wall of stones thrown together without order, as in deep water or on a soft bottom. Riprapped (imp. & p. p.) of Riprap Riprapping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Riprap Riprap (v. t.) To form a riprap in or upon. Ripsaw (v. t.) A handsaw with coarse teeth which have but a slight set, used for cutting wood in the direction of the fiber; -- called also ripping saw. Riptowel (n.) A gratuity given to tenants after they had reaped their lord's corn. Ris (n.) A bough or branch; a twig. Rose (imp.) of Rise Risen (p. p.) of Rise Rising (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rise Rise (v.) To move from a lower position to a higher; to ascend; to mount up. Specifically: -- (a) To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or any other voluntary motion; as, a bird rises in the air; a fish rises to the bait. Rise (v.) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or vapors in air, cork in water, and the like. Rise (v.) To move upward under the influence of a projecting force; as, a bullet rises in the air. Rise (v.) To grow upward; to attain a certain height; as, this elm rises to the height of seventy feet. Rise (v.) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity or bulk; to swell; as, a river rises in its bed; the mercury rises in the thermometer. Rise (v.) To become erect; to assume an upright position; as, to rise from a chair or from a fall. Rise (v.) To leave one's bed; to arise; as, to rise early. Rise (v.) To tower up; to be heaved up; as, the Alps rise far above the sea. Rise (v.) To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface rises in this direction. Rise (v.) To retire; to give up a siege. Rise (v.) To swell or puff up in the process of fermentation; to become light, as dough, and the like. Rise (v.) To have the aspect or the effect of rising. Rise (v.) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon, stars, and the like. Rise (v.) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to come forth; to appear; as, an eruption rises on the skin; the land rises to view to one sailing toward the shore. Rise (v.) To become perceptible to other senses than sight; as, a noise rose on the air; odor rises from the flower. Rise (v.) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate; as, rivers rise in lakes or springs. Rise (v.) To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed toward a climax. Rise (v.) To increase in power or fury; -- said of wind or a storm, and hence, of passion. Rise (v.) To become of higher value; to increase in price. Rise (v.) To become larger; to swell; -- said of a boil, tumor, and the like. Rise (v.) To increase in intensity; -- said of heat. Rise (v.) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the voice. Rise (v.) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as, his expenses rose beyond his expectations. Rise (v.) In various figurative senses. Rise (v.) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go to war; to take up arms; to rebel. Rise (v.) To attain to a better social position; to be promoted; to excel; to succeed. Rise (v.) To become more and more dignified or forcible; to increase in interest or power; -- said of style, thought, or discourse; as, to rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence; a story rises in interest. Rise (v.) To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur. Rise (v.) To come; to offer itself. Rise (v.) To ascend from the grave; to come to life. Rise (v.) To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn; as, the committee rose after agreeing to the report. Rise (v.) To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher pith; as, to rise a tone or semitone. Rise (v.) To be lifted, or to admit of being lifted, from the imposing stone without dropping any of the type; -- said of a form. Rise (n.) The act of rising, or the state of being risen. Rise (n.) The distance through which anything rises; as, the rise of the thermometer was ten degrees; the rise of the river was six feet; the rise of an arch or of a step. Rise (n.) Land which is somewhat higher than the rest; as, the house stood on a rise of land. Rise (n.) Spring; source; origin; as, the rise of a stream. Rise (n.) Appearance above the horizon; as, the rise of the sun or of a planet. Rise (n.) Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price, value, rank, property, fame, and the like. Rise (n.) Increase of sound; a swelling of the voice. Rise (n.) Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change of key; as, a rise of a tone or semitone. Rise (n.) The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly) near the surface of the water. Risen () p. p. & a. from Rise. Risen (p. p. & a.) Obs. imp. pl. of Rise. Riser (n.) One who rises; as, an early riser. Riser (n.) The upright piece of a step, from tread to tread. Riser (n.) Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform, veranda, or the like. Riser (n.) A shaft excavated from below upward. Riser (n.) A feed head. See under Feed, n. Rish (n.) A rush (the plant). Risibility (n.) The quality of being risible; as, risibility is peculiar to the human species. Risible (a.) Having the faculty or power of laughing; disposed to laugh. Risible (a.) Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at; amusing. Risible (a.) Used in, or expressing, laughter; as, risible muscles. Rising (a.) Attaining a higher place; taking, or moving in, an upward direction; appearing above the horizon; ascending; as, the rising moon. Rising (a.) Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction; as, a rising state; a rising character. Rising (a.) Growing; advancing to adult years and to the state of active life; as, the rising generation. Rising (prep.) More than; exceeding; upwards of; as, a horse rising six years of age. Rising (n.) The act of one who, or that which, rises (in any sense). Rising (n.) That which rises; a tumor; a boil. Risk (n.) Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or destruction. Risk (n.) Hazard of loss; liabillity to loss in property. Risked (imp. & p. p.) of Risk Risking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Risk Risk (n.) To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as, to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in battle; to risk one's fame by a publication. Risk (n.) To incur the risk or danger of; as, to risk a battle. Risker (n.) One who risks or hazards. Riskful (a.) Risky. Risky (a.) Attended with risk or danger; hazardous. Risorial (a.) Pertaining to, or producing, laughter; as, the risorial muscles. Risotto (n.) A kind of pottage. Risse () imp. of Rise. Rissoid (n.) Any one of very numerous species of small spiral gastropods of the genus Rissoa, or family Rissoidae, found both in fresh and salt water. Rissole (n.) A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with pastry and fried. Rist () 3d pers. sing. pres. of Rise, contracted from riseth. Rit () 3d pers. sing. pres. of Ride, contracted from rideth. Ritardando (a.) Retarding; -- a direction for slower time; rallentado. Rite (n.) The act of performing divine or solemn service, as established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; as, the rites of freemasonry. Ritenuto (a.) Held back; holding back; ritardando. Ritornelle (n.) Alt. of Ritornello Ritornello (n.) A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an air, often consisting of the burden of the song. Ritornello (n.) A short intermediate symphony, or instrumental passage, in the course of a vocal piece; an interlude. Ritratto (n.) A picture. Ritual (a.) Of or pertaining to rites or ritual; as, ritual service or sacrifices; the ritual law. Ritual (n.) A prescribed form of performing divine service in a particular church or communion; as, the Jewish ritual. Ritual (n.) Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization; as, the ritual of the freemasons. Ritual (n.) A book containing the rites to be observed. Ritualism (n.) A system founded upon a ritual or prescribed form of religious worship; adherence to, or observance of, a ritual. Ritualism (n.) Specifically :(a) The principles and practices of those in the Church of England, who in the development of the Oxford movement, so-called, have insisted upon a return to the use in church services of the symbolic ornaments (altar cloths, encharistic vestments, candles, etc.) that were sanctioned in the second year of Edward VI., and never, as they maintain, forbidden by competennt authority, although generally disused. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. (b) Also, the principles and practices of those in the Protestant Episcopal Church who sympathize with this party in the Church of England. Ritualist (n.) One skilled un, or attached to, a ritual; one who advocates or practices ritualism. Ritualistic (a.) Pertaining to, or in accordance with, a ritual; adhering to ritualism. Ritually (adv.) By rites, or by a particular rite. Rivage (n.) A bank, shore, or coast. Rivage (n.) A duty paid to the crown for the passage of vessels on certain rivers. Rival (n.) A person having a common right or privilege with another; a partner. Rival (n.) One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one striving to reach or obtain something which another is attempting to obtain, and which one only can posses; a competitor; as, rivals in love; rivals for a crown. Rival (a.) Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition for superiority; as, rival lovers; rival claims or pretensions. Rivaled (imp. & p. p.) of Rival Rivalled () of Rival Rivaling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rival Rivalling () of Rival Rival (v. t.) To stand in competition with; to strive to gain some object in opposition to; as, to rival one in love. Rival (v. t.) To strive to equal or exel; to emulate. Rival (v. i.) To be in rivalry. Rivaless (n.) A female rival. Rivality (n.) Rivalry; competition. Rivality (n.) Equality, as of right or rank. Rivalries (pl. ) of Rivalry Rivalry (n.) The act of rivaling, or the state of being a rival; a competition. Rivalship (n.) Rivalry. Rived (imp.) of Rive Rived (p. p.) of Rive Riven () of Rive Riving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rive Rive (v. t.) To rend asunder by force; to split; to cleave; as, to rive timber for rails or shingles. Rive (v. i.) To be split or rent asunder. Rive (n.) A place torn; a rent; a rift. Riveled (imp. & p. p.) of Rivel Riveling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rivel Rivel (v. t.) To contract into wrinkles; to shrivel; to shrink; as, riveled fruit; riveled flowers. Rivel (n.) A wrinkle; a rimple. Riven () p. p. & a. from Rive. River (n.) One who rives or splits. River (n.) A large stream of water flowing in a bed or channel and emptying into the ocean, a sea, a lake, or another stream; a stream larger than a rivulet or brook. River (n.) Fig.: A large stream; copious flow; abundance; as, rivers of blood; rivers of oil. River (v. i.) To hawk by the side of a river; to fly hawks at river fowl. Rivered (a.) Supplied with rivers; as, a well rivered country. Riveret (n.) A rivulet. Riverhood (n.) The quality or state of being a river. Riverling (n.) A rivulet. Riverside (n.) The side or bank of a river. Rivery (a.) Having rivers; as, a rivery country. Rivet (n.) A metallic pin with a head, used for uniting two plates or pieces of material together, by passing it through them and then beating or pressing down the point so that it shall spread out and form a second head; a pin or bolt headed or clinched at both ends. Riveted (imp. & p. p.) of Rivet Riveting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rivet Rivet (v. t.) To fasten with a rivet, or with rivets; as, to rivet two pieces of iron. Rivet (v. t.) To spread out the end or point of, as of a metallic pin, rod, or bolt, by beating or pressing, so as to form a sort of head. Rivet (v. t.) Hence, to fasten firmly; to make firm, strong, or immovable; as, to rivet friendship or affection. Riveter (n.) One who rivets. Riveting (n.) The act of joining with rivets; the act of spreading out and clinching the end, as of a rivet, by beating or pressing. Riveting (n.) The whole set of rivets, collectively. Rivose (a.) Marked with sinuate and irregular furrows. Rivulet (n.) A small stream or brook; a streamlet. Rixation (n.) A brawl or quarrel. Rixatrix (n.) A scolding or quarrelsome woman; a scold. Rixdaler (n.) A Dutch silver coin, worth about $1.00. Rix-dollar (n.) A name given to several different silver coins of Denmark, Holland, Sweden,, NOrway, etc., varying in value from about 30 cents to $1.10; also, a British coin worth about 36 cents, used in Ceylon and at the Cape of Good Hope. See Rigsdaler, Riksdaler, and Rixdaler. Rizzar (v. t.) To dry in the sun; as, rizzared haddock. Roach (n.) A cockroach. Roach (n.) A European fresh-water fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus rutilus). It is silver-white, with a greenish back. Roach (n.) An American chub (Semotilus bullaris); the fallfish. Roach (n.) The redfin, or shiner. Roach (n.) A convex curve or arch cut in the edge of a sail to prevent chafing, or to secure a better fit. Roach (v. t.) To cause to arch. Roach (v. t.) To cut off, as a horse's mane, so that the part left shall stand upright. Roach-backed (a.) Having a back like that of roach; -- said of a horse whose back a convex instead of a concave curve. Road (n.) A journey, or stage of a journey. Road (n.) An inroad; an invasion; a raid. Road (n.) A place where one may ride; an open way or public passage for vehicles, persons, and animals; a track for travel, forming a means of communication between one city, town, or place, and another. Road (n.) A place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore; a roadstead; -- often in the plural; as, Hampton Roads. Roadbed (n.) In railroads, the bed or foundation on which the superstructure (ties, rails, etc.) rests; in common roads, the whole material laid in place and ready for travel. Roadless (a.) Destitute of roads. Roadmaker (n.) One who makes roads. Roadside (n.) Land adjoining a road or highway; the part of a road or highway that borders the traveled part. Also used ajectively. Roadstead (n.) An anchorage off shore. Same as Road, 4. Roadster (n.) A clumsy vessel that works its way from one anchorage to another by means of the tides. Roadster (n.) A horse that is accustomed to traveling on the high road, or is suitable for use on ordinary roads. Roadster (n.) A bicycle or tricycle adapted for common roads rather than for the racing track. Roadster (n.) One who drives much; a coach driver. Roadster (n.) A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of following the hounds across country. Roadway (n.) A road; especially, the part traveled by carriages. Roamed (imp. & p. p.) of Roam Roaming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roam Roam (v. i.) To go from place to place without any certain purpose or direction; to rove; to wander. Roam (v. t.) To range or wander over. Roam (n.) The act of roaming; a wandering; a ramble; as, he began his roam o'er hill amd dale. Roamer (n.) One who roams; a wanderer. Roan (a.) Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray or white thickly interspersed; -- said of a horse. Roan (a.) Made of the leather called roan; as, roan binding. Roan (n.) The color of a roan horse; a roan color. Roan (n.) A roan horse. Roan (n.) A kind of leather used for slippers, bookbinding, etc., made from sheepskin, tanned with sumac and colored to imitate ungrained morocco. Roared (imp. & p. p.) of Roar Roaring (p. pr. & vvb. n.) of Roar Roar (v. i.) To cry with a full, loud, continued sound. Roar (v. i.) To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion or other beast. Roar (v. i.) To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or anger. Roar (v. i.) To make a loud, confused sound, as winds, waves, passing vehicles, a crowd of persons when shouting together, or the like. Roar (v. i.) To be boisterous; to be disorderly. Roar (v. i.) To laugh out loudly and continuously; as, the hearers roared at his jokes. Roar (v. i.) To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses having a certain disease. See Roaring, 2. Roar (v. t.) To cry aloud; to proclaim loudly. Roar (n.) The sound of roaring. Roar (n.) The deep, loud cry of a wild beast; as, the roar of a lion. Roar (n.) The cry of one in pain, distress, anger, or the like. Roar (n.) A loud, continuous, and confused sound; as, the roar of a cannon, of the wind, or the waves; the roar of ocean. Roar (n.) A boisterous outcry or shouting, as in mirth. Roarer (n.) One who, or that which, roars. Roarer (n.) A riotous fellow; a roaring boy. Roarer (n.) A horse subject to roaring. See Roaring, 2. Roarer (n.) The barn owl. Roaring (n.) A loud, deep, prolonged sound, as of a large beast, or of a person in distress, anger, mirth, etc., or of a noisy congregation. Roaring (n.) An affection of the windpipe of a horse, causing a loud, peculiar noise in breathing under exertion; the making of the noise so caused. See Roar, v. i., 5. Roaringly (adv.) In a roaring manner. Roasted (imp. & p. p.) of Roast Roasting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roast Roast (v. t.) To cook by exposure to radiant heat before a fire; as, to roast meat on a spit, or in an oven open toward the fire and having reflecting surfaces within; also, to cook in a close oven. Roast (v. t.) To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes, sand, etc.; as, to roast a potato in ashes. Roast (v. t.) To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to roast coffee; to roast chestnuts, or peanuts. Roast (v. t.) Hence, to heat to excess; to heat violently; to burn. Roast (v. t.) To dissipate by heat the volatile parts of, as ores. Roast (v. t.) To banter severely. Roast (v. i.) To cook meat, fish, etc., by heat, as before the fire or in an oven. Roast (v. i.) To undergo the process of being roasted. Roast (n.) That which is roasted; a piece of meat which has been roasted, or is suitable for being roasted. Roast (a.) Roasted; as, roast beef. Roaster (n.) One who roasts meat. Roaster (n.) A contrivance for roasting. Roaster (n.) A pig, or other article of food fit for roasting. Roasting () a. & n., from Roast, v. Rob (n.) The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, obtained by evaporation of the juice over a fire till it acquires the consistence of a sirup. It is sometimes mixed with honey or sugar. Robbed (imp. & p. p.) of Rob Robbing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rob Rob (v. t.) To take (something) away from by force; to strip by stealing; to plunder; to pillage; to steal from. Rob (v. t.) To take the property of (any one) from his person, or in his presence, feloniously, and against his will, by violence or by putting him in fear. Rob (v. t.) To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to defraud; as, to rob one of his rest, or of his good name; a tree robs the plants near it of sunlight. Rob (v. i.) To take that which belongs to another, without right or permission, esp. by violence. Roband (n.) See Roperand. Robber (n.) One who robs; in law, one who feloniously takes goods or money from the person of another by violence or by putting him in fear. Robberies (pl. ) of Robbery Robbery (n.) The act or practice of robbing; theft. Robbery (n.) The crime of robbing. See Rob, v. t., 2. Robbin (n.) A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The robbin of rice in Malabar weighs about 84 pounds. Robbin (n.) See Ropeband. Robe (v. t.) An outer garment; a dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; hence, a dress of state, rank, office, or the like. Robe (v. t.) A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the bison, dressed with the fur on, and used as a wrap. Robed (imp. & p. p.) of Robe Robing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Robe Robe (v. t.) To invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as, fields robed with green. Robe-de-chambre (n.) A dressing gown, or morning gown. -men (pl. ) of Robertsman Roberdsman (n.) Alt. of Robertsman Robertsman (n.) A bold, stout robber, or night thief; -- said to be so called from Robin Hood. Robert (n.) See Herb Robert, under Herb. Robin (n.) A small European singing bird (Erythacus rubecula), having a reddish breast; -- called also robin redbreast, robinet, and ruddock. Robin (n.) An American singing bird (Merula migratoria), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called also robin redbreast, and migratory thrush. Robin (n.) Any one of several species of Australian warblers of the genera Petroica, Melanadrays, and allied genera; as, the scarlet-breasted robin (Petroica mullticolor). Robin (n.) Any one of several Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins. See Indian robin, below. Robinet (n.) The chaffinch; -- called also roberd. Robinet (n.) The European robin. Robinet (n.) A military engine formerly used for throwing darts and stones. Robing (n.) The act of putting on a robe. Robin Goodfellow () A celebrated fairy; Puck. See Puck. Robinia (n.) A genus of leguminous trees including the common locust of North America (Robinia Pseudocacia). Roborant (a.) Strengthening. Roborant (n.) A strengthening medicine; a tonic. Roborate (v. t.) To give strength or support to; to confirm. Roboration (n.) The act of strengthening. Roborean (a.) Alt. of Roboreous Roboreous (a.) Made of oak. Robust (a.) Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong; sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body; robust youth; robust health. Robust (a.) Violent; rough; rude. Robust (a.) Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment. Robustious (a.) Robust. Robustly (adv.) In a robust manner. Robustness (n.) The quality or state of being robust. Roc (n.) A monstrous bird of Arabian mythology. Rocambole (n.) A name of Allium Scorodoprasum and A. Ascalonium, two kinds of garlic, the latter of which is also called shallot. Roccellic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic series found in archil (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), and other lichens, and extracted as a white crystalline substance C17H32O4. Roccellin (n.) A red dyestuff, used as a substitute for cochineal, archil, etc. It consists of the sodium salt of a complex azo derivative of naphtol. Roche (n.) Rock. Roche alum () A kind of alum occuring in small fragments; -- so called from Rocca, in Syria, whence alum is said to have been obtained; -- also called rock alum. Rochelime (n.) Lime in the lump after it is burned; quicklime. Rochelle (n.) A seaport town in France. Roche moutonnee () See Sheepback. Rochet (n.) A linen garment resembling the surplise, but with narrower sleeves, also without sleeves, worn by bishops, and by some other ecclesiastical dignitaries, in certain religious ceremonies. Rochet (n.) A frock or outer garment worn in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Rochet (n.) The red gurnard, or gurnet. See Gurnard. Roching cask () A tank in which alum is crystallized from a solution. Rock (n.) See Roc. Rock (n.) A distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, and from which the thread is drawn in spinning. Rock (n.) A large concreted mass of stony material; a large fixed stone or crag. See Stone. Rock (n.) Any natural deposit forming a part of the earth's crust, whether consolidated or not, including sand, earth, clay, etc., when in natural beds. Rock (n.) That which resembles a rock in firmness; a defense; a support; a refuge. Rock (n.) Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck resembling the wreck of a vessel upon a rock. Rock (n.) The striped bass. See under Bass. Rocked (imp. & p. p.) of Rock Rocking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rock Rock (v. t.) To cause to sway backward and forward, as a body resting on a support beneath; as, to rock a cradle or chair; to cause to vibrate; to cause to reel or totter. Rock (v. t.) To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep by rocking; to still; to quiet. Rock (v. i.) To move or be moved backward and forward; to be violently agitated; to reel; to totter. Rock (v. i.) To roll or saway backward and forward upon a support; as, to rock in a rocking-chair. Rockaway () Formerly, a light, low, four-wheeled carriage, with standing top, open at the sides, but having waterproof curtains which could be let down when occasion required; now, a somewhat similar, but heavier, carriage, inclosed, except in front, and having a door at each side. Rockelay (n.) Alt. of Rocklay Rocklay (n.) See Rokelay. Rocker (n.) One who rocks; specifically, one who rocks a cradle. Rocker (n.) One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on which a cradle, chair, etc., rocks. Rocker (n.) Any implement or machine working with a rocking motion, as a trough mounted on rockers for separating gold dust from gravel, etc., by agitation in water. Rocker (n.) A play horse on rockers; a rocking-horse. Rocker (n.) A chair mounted on rockers; a rocking-chair. Rocker (n.) A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling in shape the rocker of a cradle. Rocker (n.) Same as Rock shaft. Rockered (a.) Shaped like a rocker; curved; as, a rockered keel. Rockery (n.) A mound formed of fragments of rock, earth, etc., and set with plants. Rocket (n.) A cruciferous plant (Eruca sativa) sometimes eaten in Europe as a salad. Rocket (n.) Damewort. Rocket (n.) Rocket larkspur. See below. Rocket (n.) An artificial firework consisting of a cylindrical case of paper or metal filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter, charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened to a guiding stick. The rocket is projected through the air by the force arising from the expansion of the gases liberated by combustion of the composition. Rockets are used as projectiles for various purposes, for signals, and also for pyrotechnic display. Rocket (n.) A blunt lance head used in the joust. Rocketed (imp. & p. p.) of Rocket Rocketing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rocket Rocket (v. i.) To rise straight up; said of birds; usually in the present participle or as an adjective. Rocketer (n.) A bird, especially a pheasant, which, being flushed, rises straight in the air like a rocket. Rockfish (n.) Any one of several California scorpaenoid food fishes of the genus Sebastichthys, as the red rockfish (S. ruber). They are among the most important of California market fishes. Called also rock cod, and garrupa. Rockfish (n.) The striped bass. See Bass. Rockfish (n.) Any one of several species of Florida and Bermuda groupers of the genus Epinephelus. Rockfish (n.) An American fresh-water darter; the log perch. Rockiness (n.) The state or quality of being rocky. Rocking (a.) Having a swaying, rolling, or back-and-forth movement; used for rocking. Rocking-chair (n.) A chair mounted on rockers, in which one may rock. Rocking-horse (n.) The figure of a horse, mounted upon rockers, for children to ride. Rocking-stone (n.) A stone, often of great size and weight, resting upon another stone, and so exactly poised that it can be rocked, or slightly moved, with but little force. Rockless (a.) Being without rocks. Rockling (n.) Any species of small marine fishes of the genera Onos and Rhinonemus (formerly Motella), allied to the cod. They have three or four barbels. Rockrose (n.) A name given to any species of the genus Helianthemum, low shrubs or herbs with yellow flowers, especially the European H. vulgare and the American frostweed, H. Canadense. Rock shaft () A shaft that oscillates on its journals, instead of revolving, -- usually carrying levers by means of which it receives and communicates reciprocating motion, as in the valve gear of some steam engines; -- called also rocker, rocking shaft, and way shaft. Rock staff (v. i.) An oscillating bar in a machine, as the lever of the bellows of a forge. Rocksucker (n.) A lamprey. Rockweed (n.) Any coarse seaweed growing on sea-washed rocks, especially Fucus. Rockwood (n.) Ligniform asbestus; also, fossil wood. Rockwork (n.) Stonework in which the surface is left broken and rough. Rockwork (n.) A rockery. Rocky (a.) Full of, or abounding in, rocks; consisting of rocks; as, a rocky mountain; a rocky shore. Rocky (a.) Like a rock; as, the rocky orb of a shield. Rocky (a.) Fig.: Not easily impressed or affected; hard; unfeeling; obdurate; as, a rocky bosom. Rocoa (n.) The orange-colored pulp covering the seeds of the tropical plant Bixa Orellana, from which annotto is prepared. See Annoto. Rococo (n.) A florid style of ornamentation which prevailed in Europe in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Rococo (a.) Of or pertaining to the style called rococo; like rococo; florid; fantastic. Rod (n.) A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of wood or metal (applied to various purposes). Rod (n.) An instrument of punishment or correction; figuratively, chastisement. Rod (n.) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; oppression. Rod (n.) A support for a fishing line; a fish pole. Rod (n.) A member used in tension, as for sustaining a suspended weight, or in tension and compression, as for transmitting reciprocating motion, etc.; a connecting bar. Rod (n.) An instrument for measuring. Rod (n.) A measure of length containing sixteen and a half feet; -- called also perch, and pole. Roddy (a.) Full of rods or twigs. Roddy (a.) Ruddy. Rode (n.) Redness; complexion. Rode () imp. of Ride. Rode (n.) See Rood, the cross. Rodent (v. t.) Gnawing; biting; corroding; (Med.) applied to a destructive variety of cancer or ulcer. Rodent (v. t.) Gnawing. Rodent (v. t.) Of or pertaining to the Rodentia. Rodent (n.) One of the Rodentia. Rodentia (a.) An order of mammals having two (rarely four) large incisor teeth in each jaw, distant from the molar teeth. The rats, squirrels, rabbits, marmots, and beavers belong to this order. Rodeo (n.) A round-up. See Round-up. Rodge (n.) The gadwall. Rodomel (n.) Juice of roses mixed with honey. Rodomont (n.) A vain or blustering boaster; a braggart; a braggadocio. Rodomont (a.) Bragging; vainly boasting. Rodomontade (n.) Vain boasting; empty bluster or vaunting; rant. Rodomontade (v. i.) To boast; to brag; to bluster; to rant. Rodomontadist (n.) One who boasts. Rodomontado (n.) Rodomontade. Rodomontador (n.) A rodomontadist. Rodsmen (pl. ) of Rodsman Rodsman (n.) One who carries and holds a leveling staff, or rod, in a surveying party. Rody (a.) Ruddy. Roe (n.) A roebuck. See Roebuck. Roe (n.) The female of any species of deer. Roe (n.) The ova or spawn of fishes and amphibians, especially when still inclosed in the ovarian membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the testes of the male. Roe (n.) A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood, especially in mahogany. Roebuck (n.) A small European and Asiatic deer (Capreolus capraea) having erect, cylindrical, branched antlers, forked at the summit. This, the smallest European deer, is very nimble and graceful. It always prefers a mountainous country, or high grounds. Roed (a.) Filled with roe. Roedeer (n.) The roebuck. Roestone (n.) Same as Oolite. Rogation (n.) The demand, by the consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people; a proposed law or decree. Rogation (n.) Litany; supplication. Rogatory (a.) Seeking information; authorized to examine witnesses or ascertain facts; as, a rogatory commission. Rogue (n.) A vagrant; an idle, sturdy beggar; a vagabond; a tramp. Rogue (n.) A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a cheat. Rogue (n.) One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome; hence, often used as a term of endearment. Rogue (n.) An elephant that has separated from a herd and roams about alone, in which state it is very savage. Rogue (n.) A worthless plant occuring among seedlings of some choice variety. Rogue (v. i.) To wander; to play the vagabond; to play knavish tricks. Rogue (v. t.) To give the name or designation of rogue to; to decry. Rogue (v. t.) To destroy (plants that do not come up to a required standard). Roguery (n.) The life of a vargant. Roguery (n.) The practices of a rogue; knavish tricks; cheating; fraud; dishonest practices. Roguery (n.) Arch tricks; mischievousness. Rogueship (n.) The quality or state of being a rogue. Roguish (a.) Vagrant. Roguish (a.) Resembling, or characteristic of, a rogue; knavish. Roguish (a.) Pleasantly mischievous; waggish; arch. Roguy (a.) Roguish. Rohob (n.) An inspissated juice. See Rob. Roial (a.) Royal. Roiled (imp. & p. p.) of Roil Roiling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roil Roil (v.) To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of; as, to roil wine, cider, etc. , in casks or bottles; to roil a spring. Roil (v.) To disturb, as the temper; to ruffle the temper of; to rouse the passion of resentment in; to perplex. Roil (v. i.) To wander; to roam. Roil (v. i.) To romp. Roily (a.) Turbid; as, roily water. Roin (v. t.) See Royne. Roin (n.) A scab; a scurf, or scurfy spot. Roinish (a.) See Roynish. Roint (interj.) See Aroint. Roist (v. i.) See Roister. Roister (v. i.) To bluster; to swagger; to bully; to be bold, noisy, vaunting, or turbulent. Roister (n.) See Roisterer. Roisterer (n.) A blustering, turbulent fellow. Roisterly (a.) Blustering; violent. Roisterly (adv.) In a roistering manner. Rokambole (n.) See Rocambole. Roke (n.) Mist; smoke; damp Roke (n.) A vein of ore. Rokeage (n.) Alt. of Rokee Rokee (n.) Parched Indian corn, pounded up and mixed with sugar; -- called also yokeage. Rokelay (n.) A short cloak. Roky (a.) Misty; foggy; cloudy. Role (n.) A part, or character, performed by an actor in a drama; hence, a part of function taken or assumed by any one; as, he has now taken the role of philanthropist. Rolled (imp. & p. p.) of Roll Rolling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roll Roll (n.) To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and over on a supporting surface; as, to roll a wheel, a ball, or a barrel. Roll (n.) To wrap round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over; as, to roll a sheet of paper; to roll parchment; to roll clay or putty into a ball. Roll (n.) To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage; to inwrap; -- often with up; as, to roll up a parcel. Roll (n.) To drive or impel forward with an easy motion, as of rolling; as, a river rolls its waters to the ocean. Roll (n.) To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to utter with a deep sound; -- often with forth, or out; as, to roll forth some one's praises; to roll out sentences. Roll (n.) To press or level with a roller; to spread or form with a roll, roller, or rollers; as, to roll a field; to roll paste; to roll steel rails, etc. Roll (n.) To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means of, rollers or small wheels. Roll (n.) To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a drum; to sound a roll upon. Roll (n.) To apply (one line or surface) to another without slipping; to bring all the parts of (one line or surface) into successive contact with another, in suck manner that at every instant the parts that have been in contact are equal. Roll (n.) To turn over in one's mind; to revolve. Roll (v. i.) To move, as a curved object may, along a surface by rotation without sliding; to revolve upon an axis; to turn over and over; as, a ball or wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an inclined plane. Roll (v. i.) To move on wheels; as, the carriage rolls along the street. Roll (v. i.) To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls unevenly; the snow rolls well. Roll (v. i.) To fall or tumble; -- with over; as, a stream rolls over a precipice. Roll (v. i.) To perform a periodical revolution; to move onward as with a revolution; as, the rolling year; ages roll away. Roll (v. i.) To turn; to move circularly. Roll (v. i.) To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swell and depression. Roll (v. i.) To incline first to one side, then to the other; to rock; as, there is a great difference in ships about rolling; in a general semse, to be tossed about. Roll (v. i.) To turn over, or from side to side, while lying down; to wallow; as, a horse rolls. Roll (v. i.) To spread under a roller or rolling-pin; as, the paste rolls well. Roll (v. i.) To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear. Roll (v. i.) To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; as, the thunder rolls. Roll (v.) The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as, the roll of a ball; the roll of waves. Roll (v.) That which rolls; a roller. Roll (v.) A heavy cylinder used to break clods. Roll (v.) One of a set of revolving cylinders, or rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed, as in a rolling mill; as, to pass rails through the rolls. Roll (v.) That which is rolled up; as, a roll of fat, of wool, paper, cloth, etc. Roll (v.) A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll. Roll (v.) Hence, an official or public document; a register; a record; also, a catalogue; a list. Roll (v.) A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as, a roll of carpeting; a roll of ribbon. Roll (v.) A cylindrical twist of tobacco. Roll (v.) A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread, often rolled or doubled upon itself. Roll (v.) The oscillating movement of a vessel from side to side, in sea way, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called pitching. Roll (v.) A heavy, reverberatory sound; as, the roll of cannon, or of thunder. Roll (v.) The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear. Roll (v.) Part; office; duty; role. Rollable (a.) Capable of being rolled. Roller (n.) One who, or that which, rolls; especially, a cylinder, sometimes grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the arts. Roller (n.) A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in surgery. Roller (n.) One of series of long, heavy waves which roll in upon a coast, sometimes in calm weather. Roller (n.) A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a rolling cylinder; -- called also roller towel. Roller (n.) A cylinder coated with a composition made principally of glue and molassess, with which forms of type are inked previously to taking an impression from them. Roller (n.) A long cylinder on which something is rolled up; as, the roller of a man. Roller (n.) A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate, etc. Roller (n.) ANy insect whose larva rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see Tortrix. Roller (n.) Any one of numerous species of Old World picarian birds of the family Coraciadae. The name alludes to their habit of suddenly turning over or "tumbling" in flight. Roller (n.) Any species of small ground snakes of the family Tortricidae. Rolley (n.) A small wagon used for the underground work of a mine. Rollicked (imp. & p. p.) of Rollic Rollicking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rollic Rollic (v. i.) To move or play in a careless, swaggering manner, with a frolicsome air; to frolic; to sport; commonly in the form rollicking. Rolling (a.) Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by rotation; turning over and over as if on an axis or a pivot; as, a rolling wheel or ball. Rolling (a.) Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels or rollers; as, a rolling chair. Rolling (a.) Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface; as, a rolling country; rolling land. Rolling-pin (n.) A cylindrical piece of wood or other material, with which paste or dough may be rolled out and reduced to a proper thickness. Rollway (n.) A place prepared for rolling logs into a stream. Rolly-poly (n.) A kind of pudding made of paste spread with fruit, rolled into a cylindrical form, and boiled or steamed. Rolly-poly (a.) Shaped like a rolly-poly; short and stout. Rolly-pooly (n.) A game in which a ball, rolling into a certain place, wins. Roly-poly (n. & a.) Rolly-poly. Romage (n. & v.) See Rummage. Romaic (a.) Of or relating to modern Greece, and especially to its language. Romaic (n.) The modern Greek language, now usually called by the Greeks Hellenic or Neo-Hellenic. Roman (a.) Of or pertaining to Rome, or the Roman people; like or characteristic of Rome, the Roman people, or things done by Romans; as, Roman fortitude; a Roman aqueduct; Roman art. Roman (a.) Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion; professing that religion. Roman (a.) Upright; erect; -- said of the letters or kind of type ordinarily used, as distinguished from Italic characters. Roman (a.) Expressed in letters, not in figures, as I., IV., i., iv., etc.; -- said of numerals, as distinguished from the Arabic numerals, 1, 4, etc. Roman (n.) A native, or permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of Rome, or one upon whom certain rights and privileges of a Roman citizen were conferred. Roman (n.) Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; -- in distinction from Italics. Romance (n.) A species of fictitious writing, originally composed in meter in the Romance dialects, and afterward in prose, such as the tales of the court of Arthur, and of Amadis of Gaul; hence, any fictitious and wonderful tale; a sort of novel, especially one which treats of surprising adventures usually befalling a hero or a heroine; a tale of extravagant adventures, of love, and the like. Romance (n.) An adventure, or series of extraordinary events, resembling those narrated in romances; as, his courtship, or his life, was a romance. Romance (n.) A dreamy, imaginative habit of mind; a disposition to ignore what is real; as, a girl full of romance. Romance (n.) The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the Romanic languages). Romance (n.) A short lyric tale set to music; a song or short instrumental piece in ballad style; a romanza. Romance (a.) Of or pertaining to the language or dialects known as Romance. Romanced (imp. & p. p.) of Romance Romancing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Romance Romance (v. i.) To write or tell romances; to indulge in extravagant stories. Romancer (n.) One who romances. Romancist (n.) A romancer. Romancy (a.) Romantic. Romanesque (a.) Somewhat resembling the Roman; -- applied sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman empire, but esp. to the more developed architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th. Romanesque (a.) Of or pertaining to romance or fable; fanciful. Romanesque (n.) Romanesque style. Romanic (n.) Of or pertaining to Rome or its people. Romanic (n.) Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc. Romanic (n.) Related to the Roman people by descent; -- said especially of races and nations speaking any of the Romanic tongues. Romanish (a.) Pertaining to Romanism. Romanism (n.) The tenets of the Church of Rome; the Roman Catholic religion. Romanist (n.) One who adheres to Romanism. Romanized (imp. & p. p.) of Romanize Romanizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Romanize Romanize (v. t.) To Latinize; to fill with Latin words or idioms. Romanize (v. t.) To convert to the Roman Catholic religion. Romanize (v. i.) To use Latin words and idioms. Romanize (v. i.) To conform to Roman Catholic opinions, customs, or modes of speech. Romanizer (n.) One who Romanizes. Romansch (n.) The language of the Grisons in Switzerland, a corruption of the Latin. Romant (n.) A romaunt. Romantic (a.) Of or pertaining to romance; involving or resembling romance; hence, fanciful; marvelous; extravagant; unreal; as, a romantic tale; a romantic notion; a romantic undertaking. Romantic (a.) Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a romance; as, a romantic person; a romantic mind. Romantic (a.) Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian and popular literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the classical antique; of the nature of, or appropriate to, that style; as, the romantic school of poets. Romantic (a.) Characterized by strangeness or variety; suggestive of adventure; suited to romance; wild; picturesque; -- applied to scenery; as, a romantic landscape. Romantical (a.) Romantic. Romanticaly (adv.) In a romantic manner. Romanticism (n.) A fondness for romantic characteristics or peculiarities; specifically, in modern literature, an aiming at romantic effects; -- applied to the productions of a school of writers who sought to revive certain medi/val forms and methods in opposition to the so-called classical style. Romanticist (n.) One who advocates romanticism in modern literature. Romanticly (adv.) Romantically. Romanticness (n.) The state or quality of being romantic; widness; fancifulness. Romany (n.) A gypsy. Romany (n.) The language spoken among themselves by the gypsies. Romanza (n.) See Romance, 5. Romaunt (n.) A romantic story in verse; as, the "Romaunt of the Rose." Romble (v.& n.) Rumble. Rombowline (n.) Old, condemned canvas, rope, etc., unfit for use except in chafing gear. Romeine (n.) Alt. of Romeite Romeite (n.) A mineral of a hyacinth or honey-yellow color, occuring in square octahedrons. It is an antimonate of calcium. Romekin (n.) A drinking cup. Rome penny () Alt. of Rome scot Rome scot () See Peter pence, under Peter. Romeward (adv.) Toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church. Romeward (a.) Tending or directed toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church. Romic (n.) A method of notation for all spoken sounds, proposed by Mr. Sweet; -- so called because it is based on the common Roman-letter alphabet. It is like the palaeotype of Mr. Ellis in the general plan, but simpler. Romish (a.) Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the Roman Catholic Church; -- frequently used in a disparaging sense; as, the Romish church; the Romish religion, ritual, or ceremonies. Romist (n.) A Roman Catholic. Romped (imp. & p. p.) of Romp Romping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Romp Romp (v. i.) To play rudely and boisterously; to leap and frisk about in play. Romp (n.) A girl who indulges in boisterous play. Romp (n.) Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough sport. Romping (a.) Inclined to romp; indulging in romps. Rompingly (adv.) In a romping manner. Rompish (a.) Given to rude play; inclined to romp. Rompu (a.) Broken, as an ordinary; cut off, or broken at the top, as a chevron, a bend, or the like. Roncador (n.) Any one of several species of California sciaenoid food fishes, especially Roncador Stearnsi, which is an excellent market fish, and the red roncador (Corvina, / Johnius, saturna). Ronchil (n.) An American marine food fish (Bathymaster signatus) of the North Pacific coast, allied to the tilefish. Ronco (n.) See Croaker, n., 2. (a). Rondache (n.) A circular shield carried by foot soldiers. Ronde (n.) A kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look. Rondeau (n.) A species of lyric poetry so composed as to contain a refrain or repetition which recurs according to a fixed law, and a limited number of rhymes recurring also by rule. Rondeau (n.) See Rondo, 1. Rondel (n.) A small round tower erected at the foot of a bastion. Rondel (n.) Same as Rondeau. Rondel (n.) Specifically, a particular form of rondeau containing fourteen lines in two rhymes, the refrain being a repetition of the first and second lines as the seventh and eighth, and again as the thirteenth and fourteenth. Rondeletia (n.) A tropical genus of rubiaceous shrubs which often have brilliant flowers. Rondle (n.) A rondeau. Rondle (n.) A round mass, plate, or disk; especially (Metal.), the crust or scale which forms upon the surface of molten metal in the crucible. Rondo (n.) A composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains. Rondo (n.) See Rondeau, 1. Rondure (n.) A round; a circle. Rondure (n.) Roundness; plumpness. Rong () imp. & p. p. of Ring. Rong (n.) Rung (of a ladder). Rongeur (n.) An instrument for removing small rough portions of bone. Ronion (n.) Alt. of Ronyon Ronyon (n.) A mangy or scabby creature. Ronne () obs. imp. pl. Ronnen () obs. p. p. of Renne, to run. Ront (n.) A runt. Rood (n.) A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross with Christ hanging on it. Rood (n.) A measure of five and a half yards in length; a rod; a perch; a pole. Rood (n.) The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods. Roodebok (n.) The pallah. Roody (a.) Rank in growth. Roof (n.) The cover of any building, including the roofing (see Roofing) and all the materials and construction necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the walls or other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted ceilings protected by an outer roof, some writers call the vault the roof, and the outer protection the roof mask. It is better, however, to consider the vault as the ceiling only, in cases where it has farther covering. Roof (n.) That which resembles, or corresponds to, the covering or the ceiling of a house; as, the roof of a cavern; the roof of the mouth. Roof (n.) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying a bed of coal or a flat vein. Roofed (imp. & p. p.) of Roof Roofing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roof Roof (v. t.) To cover with a roof. Roof (v. t.) To inclose in a house; figuratively, to shelter. Roofer (n.) One who puts on roofs. Roofing (n.) The act of covering with a roof. Roofing (n.) The materials of which a roof is composed; materials for a roof. Roofing (n.) Hence, the roof itself; figuratively, shelter. Roofing (n.) The wedging, as of a horse or car, against the top of an underground passage. Roofless (a.) Having no roof; as, a roofless house. Roofless (a.) Having no house or home; shelterless; homeless. Rooflet (n.) A small roof, covering, or shelter. Rooftree (n.) The beam in the angle of a roof; hence, the roof itself. Roofy (a.) Having roofs. Rook (n.) Mist; fog. See Roke. Rook (v. i.) To squat; to ruck. Rook (n.) One of the four pieces placed on the corner squares of the board; a castle. Rook (n.) A European bird (Corvus frugilegus) resembling the crow, but smaller. It is black, with purple and violet reflections. The base of the beak and the region around it are covered with a rough, scabrous skin, which in old birds is whitish. It is gregarious in its habits. The name is also applied to related Asiatic species. Rook (n.) A trickish, rapacious fellow; a cheat; a sharper. Rooked (imp. & p. p.) of Rook Rooking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rook Rook (v. t. & i.) To cheat; to defraud by cheating. Rookeries (pl. ) of Rookery Rookery (n.) The breeding place of a colony of rooks; also, the birds themselves. Rookery (n.) A breeding place of other gregarious birds, as of herons, penguins, etc. Rookery (n.) The breeding ground of seals, esp. of the fur seals. Rookery (n.) A dilapidated building with many rooms and occupants; a cluster of dilapidated or mean buildings. Rookery (n.) A brothel. Rooky (a.) Misty; gloomy. Room (n.) Unobstructed spase; space which may be occupied by or devoted to any object; compass; extent of place, great or small; as, there is not room for a house; the table takes up too much room. Room (n.) A particular portion of space appropriated for occupancy; a place to sit, stand, or lie; a seat. Room (n.) Especially, space in a building or ship inclosed or set apart by a partition; an apartment or chamber. Room (n.) Place or position in society; office; rank; post; station; also, a place or station once belonging to, or occupied by, another, and vacated. Room (n.) Possibility of admission; ability to admit; opportunity to act; fit occasion; as, to leave room for hope. Roomed (imp. & p. p.) of Room Rooming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Room Room (v. i.) To occupy a room or rooms; to lodge; as, they arranged to room together. Room (a.) Spacious; roomy. Roomage (n.) Space; place; room. Roomer (n.) A lodger. Roomer (a.) At a greater distance; farther off. Roomful (a.) Abounding with room or rooms; roomy. Roomfuls (pl. ) of Roomful Roomful (n.) As much or many as a room will hold; as, a roomful of men. Roomily (adv.) Spaciously. Roominess (n.) The quality or state of being roomy; spaciousness; as, the roominess of a hall. Roomless (a.) Being without room or rooms. Roommate (n.) One of twe or more occupying the same room or rooms; one who shares the occupancy of a room or rooms; a chum. Roomsome (a.) Roomy. Roomth (n.) Room; space. Roomthy (a.) Roomy; spacious. Roomy (a.) Having ample room; spacious; large; as, a roomy mansion; a roomy deck. Roon (a. & n.) Vermilion red; red. Roop (n.) See Roup. Roorback (n.) Alt. of Roorbach Roorbach (n.) A defamatory forgery or falsehood published for purposes of political intrigue. Roosa oil () The East Indian name for grass oil. See under Grass. Roost (n.) Roast. Roost (v. t.) See Roust, v. t. Roost (n.) The pole or other support on which fowls rest at night; a perch. Roost (n.) A collection of fowls roosting together. Roosted (imp. & p. p.) of Roost Roosting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roost Roost (v. i.) To sit, rest, or sleep, as fowls on a pole, limb of a tree, etc.; to perch. Roost (v. i.) Fig.; To lodge; to rest; to sleep. Roostcock (n.) The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. Rooster (n.) The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. Root (v. i.) To turn up the earth with the snout, as swine. Root (v. i.) Hence, to seek for favor or advancement by low arts or groveling servility; to fawn servilely. Root (v. t.) To turn up or to dig out with the snout; as, the swine roots the earth. Root (n.) The underground portion of a plant, whether a true root or a tuber, a bulb or rootstock, as in the potato, the onion, or the sweet flag. Root (n.) The descending, and commonly branching, axis of a plant, increasing in length by growth at its extremity only, not divided into joints, leafless and without buds, and having for its offices to fix the plant in the earth, to supply it with moisture and soluble matters, and sometimes to serve as a reservoir of nutriment for future growth. A true root, however, may never reach the ground, but may be attached to a wall, etc., as in the ivy, or may hang loosely in the air, as in some epiphytic orchids. Root (n.) An edible or esculent root, especially of such plants as produce a single root, as the beet, carrot, etc.; as, the root crop. Root (n.) That which resembles a root in position or function, esp. as a source of nourishment or support; that from which anything proceeds as if by growth or development; as, the root of a tooth, a nail, a cancer, and the like. Root (n.) An ancestor or progenitor; and hence, an early race; a stem. Root (n.) A primitive form of speech; one of the earliest terms employed in language; a word from which other words are formed; a radix, or radical. Root (n.) The cause or occasion by which anything is brought about; the source. Root (n.) That factor of a quantity which when multiplied into itself will produce that quantity; thus, 3 is a root of 9, because 3 multiplied into itself produces 9; 3 is the cube root of 27. Root (n.) The fundamental tone of any chord; the tone from whose harmonics, or overtones, a chord is composed. Root (n.) The lowest place, position, or part. Root (n.) The time which to reckon in making calculations. Rooted (imp. & p. p.) of Root Rooting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Root Root (v. i.) To fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots; to take root and begin to grow. Root (v. i.) To be firmly fixed; to be established. Root (v. t.) To plant and fix deeply in the earth, or as in the earth; to implant firmly; hence, to make deep or radical; to establish; -- used chiefly in the participle; as, rooted trees or forests; rooted dislike. Root (v. t.) To tear up by the root; to eradicate; to extirpate; -- with up, out, or away. Rootcap (n.) A mass of parenchymatous cells which covers and protects the growing cells at the end of a root; a pileorhiza. Rooted (a.) Having taken root; firmly implanted; fixed in the heart. Rooter (n.) One who, or that which, roots; one that tears up by the roots. Rootery (n.) A pile of roots, set with plants, mosses, etc., and used as an ornamental object in gardening. Rootless (a.) Destitute of roots. Rootlet (n.) A radicle; a little root. Rootstock (n.) A perennial underground stem, producing leafly s/ems or flower stems from year to year; a rhizome. Rooty (a.) Full of roots; as, rooty ground. Ropalic (a.) See Rhopalic. Rope (n.) A large, stout cord, usually one not less than an inch in circumference, made of strands twisted or braided together. It differs from cord, line, and string, only in its size. See Cordage. Rope (n.) A row or string consisting of a number of things united, as by braiding, twining, etc.; as, a rope of onions. Rope (n.) The small intestines; as, the ropes of birds. Roped (imp. & p. p.) of Rope Roping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rope Rope (v. i.) To be formed into rope; to draw out or extend into a filament or thread, as by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality. Rope (v. t.) To bind, fasten, or tie with a rope or cord; as, to rope a bale of goods. Rope (v. t.) To connect or fasten together, as a party of mountain climbers, with a rope. Rope (v. t.) To partition, separate, or divide off, by means of a rope, so as to include or exclude something; as, to rope in, or rope off, a plot of ground; to rope out a crowd. Rope (v. t.) To lasso (a steer, horse). Rope (v. t.) To draw, as with a rope; to entice; to inveigle; to decoy; as, to rope in customers or voters. Rope (v. t.) To prevent from winning (as a horse), by pulling or curbing. Ropeband (n.) A small piece of spun yarn or marline, used to fasten the head of the sail to the spar. Ropedancer (n.) One who dances, walks, or performs acrobatic feats, on a rope extended through the air at some height. Roper (n.) A maker of ropes. Roper (n.) One who ropes goods; a packer. Roper (n.) One fit to be hanged. Ropery (n.) A place where ropes are made. Ropery (n.) Tricks deserving the halter; roguery. Rope's-end (v. t.) To punish with a rope's end. Ropewalk (a.) A long, covered walk, or a low, level building, where ropes are manufactured. Ropewalker (n.) A ropedancer. Rope-yarn (n.) the yarn or thread of any stuff of which the strands of a rope are made. Ropily (adv.) In a ropy manner; in a viscous or glutinous manner. Ropiness (n.) Quality of being ropy; viscosity. Ropish (a.) Somewhat ropy. Ropy (a.) capable of being drawn into a thread, as a glutinous substance; stringy; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy sirup; ropy lees. Roquelaure (n.) A cloak reaching about to, or just below, the knees, worn in the 18th century. Roquet (v. t.) To hit, as another's ball, with one's own ball. Roquet (v. i.) To hit another's ball with one's own. Roral (a.) Of or pertaining to dew; consisting of dew; dewy. Roration (n.) A falling of dew. Roric (a.) Of or pertaining to dew; resembling dew; dewy. Rorid (a.) Dewy; bedewed. Roriferous (a.) generating or producing dew. Rorifluent (a.) Flowing with dew. Rorqual (n.) A very large North Atlantic whalebone whale (Physalus antiquorum, or Balaenoptera physalus). It has a dorsal fin, and strong longitudinal folds on the throat and belly. Called also razorback. Rorulent (a.) Full of, or abounding in, dew. Rorulent (a.) Having the surface appearing as if dusty, or covered with fine dew. Rory (a.) Dewy. Rosaceous (a.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Rosaceae) of which the rose is the type. It includes also the plums and cherries, meadowsweet, brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies, pears, service trees, and quinces. Rosaceous (a.) Like a rose in shape or appearance; as, a rosaceous corolla. Rosaceous (a.) Of a pure purpish pink color. Rosacic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also lithic acid) found in certain red precipitates of urine. See Uric. Rosalgar (n.) realgar. Rosalia (n.) A form of melody in which a phrase or passage is successively repeated, each time a step or half step higher; a melodic sequence. Rosaniline (n.) A complex nitrogenous base, C20H21N3O, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of aniline and toluidine, as a colorless crystalline substance which forms red salts. These salts are essential components of many of the socalled aniline dyes, as fuchsine, aniline red, etc. By extension, any one of the series of substances derived from, or related to, rosaniline proper. Rosarian (n.) A cultivator of roses. Rosaries (pl. ) of Rosary Rosary (n.) A bed of roses, or place where roses grow. Rosary (n.) A series of prayers (see Note below) arranged to be recited in order, on beads; also, a string of beads by which the prayers are counted. Rosary (n.) A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection, as of beautiful thoughts or of literary selections. Rosary (n.) A coin bearing the figure of a rose, fraudulently circulated in Ireland in the 13th century for a penny. Roscid (a.) Containing, or consisting of, dew; dewy. Roscoelite (n.) A green micaceous mineral occurring in minute scales. It is essentially a silicate of aluminia and potash containing vanadium. Rose () imp. of Rise. Rose (n.) A flower and shrub of any species of the genus Rosa, of which there are many species, mostly found in the morthern hemispere Rose (n.) A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. Rose (n.) A rose window. See Rose window, below. Rose (n.) A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer at the foot of a pump. Rose (n.) The erysipelas. Rose (n.) The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card with radiating lines, used in other instruments. Rose (n.) The color of a rose; rose-red; pink. Rose (n.) A diamond. See Rose diamond, below. Rose (v. t.) To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush. Rose (v. t.) To perfume, as with roses. Roseal (a.) resembling a rose in smell or color. Roseate (a.) Full of roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers. Roseate (a.) resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp., tinged with rose color; blooming; as, roseate beauty; her roseate lips. Rosebay (n.) the oleander. Rosebay (n.) Any shrub of the genus Rhododendron. Rosebay (n.) An herb (Epilobium spicatum) with showy purple flowers, common in Europe and North America; -- called also great willow herb. Rosebud (n.) The flower of a rose before it opens, or when but partially open. Rosebush (n.) The bush or shrub which bears roses. Rose-colored (a.) Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; of a delicate pink color. Rose-colored (a.) Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine or pleasing; alluring; as, rose-colored anticipations. Rose-cut (a.) Cut flat on the reverse, and with a convex face formed of triangular facets in rows; -- said of diamonds and other precious stones. See Rose diamond, under Rose. Cf. Brilliant, n. Rosedrop (n.) A lozenge having a rose flavor. Rosedrop (n.) A kind of earring. Rosedrop (n.) A ruddy eruption upon the nose caused by drinking ardent spirits; a grog blossom. Rosefinch (n.) Any one of numerous species of Asiatic finches of the genera Carpodacus, and Propasser, and allied genera, in which the male is more or less colored with rose red. Rosefish (n.) A large marine scorpaenoid food fish (Sebastes marinus) found on the northern coasts of Europe and America. called also red perch, hemdurgan, Norway haddok, and also, erroneously, snapper, bream, and bergylt. Rosehead (n.) See Rose, n., 4. Rosehead (n.) A many-sided pyramidal head upon a nail; also a nail with such a head. Roseine (n.) See Magenta. Roselite (n.) A hydrous arsenite of cobalt, occuring in small red crystals, allied to erythrite. Rosella (n.) A beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus eximius) often kept as a cage bird. The head and back of the neck are scarlet, the throat is white, the back dark green varied with lighter green, and the breast yellow. Roselle (n.) a malvaceous plant (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) cultivated in the east and West Indies for its fleshy calyxes, which are used for making tarts and jelly and an acid drink. Rosemaloes (n.) The liquid storax of the East Indian Liquidambar orientalis. Rosemary (n.) A labiate shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) with narrow grayish leaves, growing native in the southern part of France, Spain, and Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has a fragrant smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is used in cookery, perfumery, etc., and is an emblem of fidelity or constancy. Rosen (a.) Consisting of roses; rosy. Rosenmuller's organ () The parovarium. Roseo- () A prefix (also used adjectively) signifying rose-red; specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds (called roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf. Luteo-. Roseola (n.) A rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in circumscribed patches of little or no elevation and often alternately fading and reviving; also, an acute specific disease which is characterized by an eruption of this character; -- called also rose rash. Rose-pink (a.) Having a pink color like that of the rose, or like the pigment called rose pink. See Rose pink, under Rose. Rose-pink (a.) Disposed to clothe everything with roseate hues; hence, sentimental. Roser (n.) A rosier; a rosebush. Rose-red (a.) Red as a rose; specifically (Zool.), of a pure purplish red color. Rose-rial (n.) A name of several English gold coins struck in different reigns and having having different values; a rose noble. Roseroot (n.) A fleshy-leaved herb (Rhodiola rosea); rosewort; -- so called because the roots have the odor of roses. Rosery (n.) A place where roses are cultivated; a nursery of roses. See Rosary, 1. Roset (n.) A red color used by painters. Ro-setta stone () A stone found at Rosetta, in Egypt, bearing a trilingual inscription, by aid of which, with other inscriptions, a key was obtained to the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. Rosetta wood () An east Indian wood of a reddish orange color, handsomely veined with darker marks. It is occasionally used for cabinetwork. Rosette (n.) An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material, -- used as an ornament or a badge. Rosette (n.) An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel, -much used in decoration. Rosette (n.) A red color. See Roset. Rosette (n.) A rose burner. See under Rose. Rosette (n.) Any structure having a flowerlike form; especially, the group of five broad ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and clypeastroid sea urchins. See Illust. of Spicule, and Sand dollar, under Sand. Rosette (n.) A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on the leopard. Rose water () Water tinctured with roses by distillation. Rose-water (a.) Having the odor of rose water; hence, affectedly nice or delicate; sentimental. Rosewood (n.) A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and variegated with black, obtained from several tropical leguminous trees of the genera Dalbergia and Machaerium. The finest kind is from Brazil, and is said to be from the Dalbergia nigra. Roseworm (n.) The larva of any one of several species of lepidopterous insects which feed upon the leaves, buds, or blossoms of the rose, especially Cacaecia rosaceana, which rolls up the leaves for a nest, and devours both the leaves and buds. Rosewort (n.) Roseroot. Rosewort (n.) Any plant nearly related to the rose. Rosicrucian (n.) One who, in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th, claimed to belong to a secret society of philosophers deeply versed in the secrets of nature, -- the alleged society having existed, it was stated, several hundred years. Rosicrucian (a.) Of or pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts. Rosied (a.) Decorated with roses, or with the color of roses. Rosier (n.) A rosebush; roses, collectively. Rosily (adv.) In a rosy manner. Rosin (n.) The hard, amber-colored resin left after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine; colophony. Rosin (v. t.) To rub with rosin, as musicians rub the bow of a violin. Rosiness (n.) The quality of being rosy. Rosinweed (n.) The compass plant. See under Compass. Rosinweed (n.) A name given in California to various composite plants which secrete resins or have a resinous smell. Rosiny (a.) like rosin, or having its qualities. Rosland (n.) heathy land; land full of heather; moorish or watery land. Rosmarine (n.) Dew from the sea; sea dew. Rosmarine (n.) Rosemary. Rosmarine (n.) A fabulous sea animal which was reported to climb by means of its teeth to the tops of rocks to feed upon the dew. Rosolic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It is produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a dark red amorphous mass, C20H16O3, which forms weak salts with bases, and stable ones with acids. Called also methyl aurin, and, formerly, corallin. Ross (n.) The rough, scaly matter on the surface of the bark of trees. Ross (v. t.) To divest of the ross, or rough, scaly surface; as, to ross bark. Rossel (n.) Light land; rosland. Rossel current () A portion of the southern equatorial current flowing westward from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea. Rosselly (a.) Loose; light. Rost (n.) See Roust. Rostel (n.) same as Rostellum. Rostellar (a.) Pertaining to a rostellum. Rostellate (a.) Having a rostellum, or small beak; terminating in a beak. Rostelliform (a.) Having the form of a rostellum, or small beak. Rostella (pl. ) of Rostellum Rostellum (n.) A small beaklike process or extension of some part; a small rostrum; as, the rostellum of the stigma of violets, or of the operculum of many mosses; the rostellum on the head of a tapeworm. Roster (n.) A register or roll showing the order in which officers, enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called on to serve. Rostra (n. pl.) See Rostrum, 2. Rostral (a.) Of or pertaining to the beak or snout of an animal, or the beak of a ship; resembling a rostrum, esp., the rostra at Rome, or their decorations. Rostrate (a.) Alt. of Rostrated Rostrated (a.) Having a process resembling the beak of a bird; beaked; rostellate. Rostrated (a.) Furnished or adorned with beaks; as, rostrated galleys. Rostrifera (n. pl.) A division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, having the head prolonged into a snout which is not retractile. Rostriform (a.) Having the form of a beak. Rostrula (pl. ) of Rostrulum Rostrulum (n.) A little rostrum, or beak, as of an insect. Rostra (pl. ) of Rostrum Rostrums (pl. ) of Rostrum Rostrum (n.) The beak or head of a ship. Rostrum (n.) The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were delivered; -- so called because after the Latin war, it was adorned with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also to other platforms erected in Rome for the use of public orators. Rostrum (n.) Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit or platform occupied by an orator or public speaker. Rostrum (n.) Any beaklike prolongation, esp. of the head of an animal, as the beak of birds. Rostrum (n.) The beak, or sucking mouth parts, of Hemiptera. Rostrum (n.) The snout of a gastropod mollusk. See Illust. of Littorina. Rostrum (n.) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of the carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the prawn. Rostrum (n.) Same as Rostellum. Rostrum (n.) The pipe to convey the distilling liquor into its receiver in the common alembic. Rostrum (n.) A pair of forceps of various kinds, having a beaklike form. Rosulate (a.) Arranged in little roselike clusters; -- said of leaves and bracts. Rosy (superl.) Resembling a rose in color, form, or qualities; blooming; red; blushing; also, adorned with roses. Rotted (imp. & p. p.) of Rot Rotting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rot Rot (v. i.) To undergo a process common to organic substances by which they lose the cohesion of their parts and pass through certain chemical changes, giving off usually in some stages of the process more or less offensive odors; to become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to decay. Rot (v. i.) Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to die; to become corrupt. Rot (v. t.) To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural processes; as, to rot vegetable fiber. Rot (v. t.) To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret. Rot (n.) Process of rotting; decay; putrefaction. Rot (n.) A disease or decay in fruits, leaves, or wood, supposed to be caused by minute fungi. See Bitter rot, Black rot, etc., below. Rot (n.) A fatal distemper which attacks sheep and sometimes other animals. It is due to the presence of a parasitic worm in the liver or gall bladder. See 1st Fluke, 2. Rota (n.) An ecclesiastical court of Rome, called also Rota Romana, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It consists of twelve members. Rota (n.) A short-lived political club established in 1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine of election of the principal officers of the state by ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of Parliament. Rota (n.) A species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the Middle Ages in church music; -- written also rotta. Rotacism (n.) See Rhotacism. Rotal (a.) Relating to wheels or to rotary motion; rotary. Rotalite (n.) Any fossil foraminifer of the genus Rotalia, abundant in the chalk formation. See Illust. under Rhizopod. Rotary (a.) Turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis; rotatory; as, rotary motion. Rotascope (n.) Same as Gyroscope, 1. Rotate (a.) Having the parts spreading out like a wheel; wheel-shaped; as, a rotate spicule or scale; a rotate corolla, i.e., a monopetalous corolla with a flattish border, and no tube or a very short one. Rotated (imp. & p. p.) of Rotate Rotating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rotate Rotate (v. i.) To turn, as a wheel, round an axis; to revolve. Rotate (v. i.) To perform any act, function, or operation in turn, to hold office in turn; as, to rotate in office. Rotate (v. i.) To cause to turn round or revolve, as a wheel around an axle. Rotate (v. i.) To cause to succeed in turn; esp., to cause to succeed some one, or to be succeeded by some one, in office. Rotated (a.) Turned round, as a wheel; also, wheel-shaped; rotate. Rotation (n.) The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the daily turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a revolution. Rotation (n.) Any return or succesion in a series. Rotation (a.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity. Rotative (a.) turning, as a wheel; rotary; rotational. Rotator (n.) that which gives a rotary or rolling motion, as a muscle which partially rotates or turns some part on its axis. Rotator (n.) A revolving reverberatory furnace. Rotatoria (n. pl.) Same as Rotifera. Rotatory (a.) Turning as on an axis; rotary. Rotatory (a.) Going in a circle; following in rotation or succession; as, rotatory assembles. Rotatory (a.) Producing rotation of the plane of polarization; as, the rotatory power of bodies on light. See the Note under polarization. Rotatory (n.) A rotifer. Rotche (n.) A very small arctic sea bird (Mergulus alle, or Alle alle) common on both coasts of the Atlantic in winter; -- called also little auk, dovekie, rotch, rotchie, and sea dove. Rotchet (n.) The European red gurnard (Trigla pini). Rote (n.) A root. Rote (n.) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy. Rote (n.) The noise produced by the surf of the sea dashing upon the shore. See Rut. Rote (n.) A frequent repetition of forms of speech without attention to the meaning; mere repetition; as, to learn rules by rote. Roted (imp. & p. p.) of Rote Roting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rote Rote (v. t.) To learn or repeat by rote. Rote (v. i.) To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. Rotella (n.) Any one of numerous species of small, polished, brightcolored gastropods of the genus Rotella, native of tropical seas. Rotgut (n.) Bad small beer. Rotgut (n.) Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when adulterated so as to be very deleterious. Rother (a.) Bovine. Rother (n.) A bovine beast. Rother (n.) A rudder. Rotifer (n.) One of the Rotifera. See Illust. in Appendix. Rotifera (n.) An order of minute worms which usually have one or two groups of vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often give an appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species are very numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and habits. Rotiform (a.) Wheel-shaped; as, rotiform appendages. Rotiform (a.) Same as Rotate. Rotta (n.) See Rota. Rotten (a.) Having rotted; putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten meat. Rotten (a.) Offensive to the smell; fetid; disgusting. Rotten (a.) Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective; treacherous; unsafe; as, a rotten plank, bone, stone. Rotula (n.) The patella, or kneepan. Rotular (a.) Of or pertaining to the rotula, or kneepan. Rotund (a.) Round; circular; spherical. Rotund (a.) Hence, complete; entire. Rotund (a.) Orbicular, or nearly so. Rotund (n.) A rotunda. Rotunda (a.) A round building; especially, one that is round both on the outside and inside, like the Pantheon at Rome. Less properly, but very commonly, used for a large round room; as, the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. Rotundate (a.) Rounded; especially, rounded at the end or ends, or at the corners. Rotundifolious (a.) Having round leaves. Rotundity (n.) The state or quality of being rotu/; roundness; sphericity; circularity. Rotundity (n.) Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness. Rotundness (n.) Roundness; rotundity. Rotundo (n.) See Rotunda. Roturer (n.) A roturier. Roturier (n.) A person who is not of noble birth; specif., a freeman who during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial land. Roty (v. t.) To make rotten. Rouble (n.) A coin. See Ruble. Rouche (n.) See Ruche. Roue (n.) One devoted to a life of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a rake. Rouet (n.) A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of firelocks for discharging them. Rouge (a.) red. Rouge (n.) A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric oxide. It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a cosmetic, etc. Called also crocus, jeweler's rouge, etc. Rouge (n.) A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the cheeks or lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, but it is often made from carmine. Rouged (imp. & p. p.) of Rouge Rouging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rouge Rouge (v. i.) To paint the face or cheeks with rouge. Rouge (v. t.) To tint with rouge; as, to rouge the face or the cheeks. Rougecroix (n.) One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms. Rouge dragon (n.) One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms. Rough (n.) Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth. Rough (n.) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road. Rough (n.) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond. Rough (n.) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of water. Rough (n.) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat. Rough (n.) Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish. Rough (n.) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper. Rough (n.) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or actions. Rough (n.) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers. Rough (n.) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine. Rough (n.) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day. Rough (n.) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught. Rough (n.) Produced offhand. Rough (n.) Boisterous weather. Rough (n.) A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy. Rough (adv.) In a rough manner; rudely; roughly. Rough (v. t.) To render rough; to roughen. Rough (v. t.) To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes. Rough (v. t.) To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough out a carving, a sketch. Roughcast (v. t.) To form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction, or polish. Roughcast (v. t.) To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with asperities and inequalities. Roughcast (v. t.) To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or pebbles; as, to roughcast a building. Roughcast (n.) A rude model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a thing. Roughcast (n.) A kind of plastering made of lime, with a mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings. Roughcaster (n.) One who roughcasts. Roughdraw (v. t.) To draw or delineate rapidly and by way of a first sketch. Roughdry (v. t.) in laundry work, to dry without smoothing or ironing. Roughened (imp. & p. p.) of Roughen Roughening (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roughen Roughen (v. t.) To make rough. Roughen (v. i.) To grow or become rough. Rough-footed (a.) Feather-footed; as, a rough-footed dove. Rough-grained (a.) Having a rough grain or fiber; hence, figuratively, having coarse traits of character; not polished; brisque. Roughhead (n.) The redfin. Roughhew (v. t.) To hew coarsely, without smoothing; as, to roughhew timber. Roughhew (v. t.) To give the first form or shape to; to form rudely; to shape approximately and rudely; to roughcast. Roughhewer (n.) One who roughhews. Roughhewn (a.) Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not polished. Roughhewn (a.) Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated; rough-grained. Roughing-in (n.) The first coat of plaster laid on brick; also, the process of applying it. Roughings (n. pl.) Rowen. Roughish (a.) Somewhat rough. Roughleg (n.) Any one of several species of large hawks of the genus Archibuteo, having the legs feathered to the toes. Called also rough-legged hawk, and rough-legged buzzard. Rough-legged (a.) Having the legs covered with feathers; -- said of a bird. Roughly (adv.) In a rough manner; unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely; austerely. Roughness (n.) The quality or state of being rough. Roughrider (n.) One who breaks horses; especially (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist the riding master. Roughscuff (n.) A rough, coarse fellow; collectively, the lowest class of the people; the rabble; the riffraff. Roughsetter (n.) A mason who builds rough stonework. Roughshod (a.) Shod with shoes armed with points or calks; as, a roughshod horse. Roughstrings (n. pl.) Pieces of undressed timber put under the steps of a wooden stair for their support. Rought () imp. of Reach. Rought () imp. of Reck, to care. Roughtail (n.) Any species of small ground snakes of the family Uropeltidae; -- so called from their rough tails. Roughwork (v. t.) To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness, or finish. Roughwrought (a.) Wrought in a rough, unfinished way; worked over coarsely. Rouk (v. i.) See 5th Ruck, and Roke. Roulade (n.) A smoothly running passage of short notes (as semiquavers, or sixteenths) uniformly grouped, sung upon one long syllable, as in Handel's oratorios. Rouleaux (pl. ) of Rouleau Rouleaus (pl. ) of Rouleau Rouleau (n.) A little roll; a roll of coins put up in paper, or something resembling such a roll. Roulette (n.) A game of chance, in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered red and black spaces, the one on which it stops indicating the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game. Roulette (n.) A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in order to order to produce rows of dots. Roulette (n.) A similar wheel used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in making alterations in a mezzotint. Roulette (n.) the curve traced by any point in the plane of a given curve when the latter rolls, without sliding, over another fixed curve. See Cycloid, and Epycycloid. Rouly-pouly (n.) See Rolly-pooly. Roun (v. i. & t.) Alt. of Rown Rown (v. i. & t.) To whisper. Rounce (n.) The handle by which the bed of a hand press, holding the form of type, etc., is run in under the platen and out again; -- sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by which the form is moved under the platen. Rounceval (a.) Large; strong; -- from the gigantic bones shown at Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes. Rounceval (n.) A giant; anything large; a kind of pea called also marrowfat. Rouncy (n.) A common hackney horse; a nag. Round (v. i. & t.) To whisper. Round (a.) Having every portion of the surface or of the circumference equally distant from the center; spherical; circular; having a form approaching a spherical or a circular shape; orbicular; globular; as, a round ball. Round (a.) Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical; as, the barrel of a musket is round. Round (a.) Having a curved outline or form; especially, one like the arc of a circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the surface of a sphere; rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or pointed; as, a round arch; round hills. Round (a.) Full; complete; not broken; not fractional; approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; -- said of numbers. Round (a.) Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous; free; as, a round price. Round (a.) Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a round note. Round (a.) Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, making the opening more or less round in shape; rounded; labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, / 11. Round (a.) Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved; unqualified; not mincing; as, a round answer; a round oath. Round (a.) Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or abrupt; finished; polished; -- said of style, or of authors with reference to their style. Round (a.) Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied to conduct. Round (n.) Anything round, as a circle, a globe, a ring. "The golden round" [the crown]. Round (n.) A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical revolution; as, the round of the seasons; a round of pleasures. Round (n.) A course of action or conduct performed by a number of persons in turn, or one after another, as if seated in a circle. Round (n.) A series of duties or tasks which must be performed in turn, and then repeated. Round (n.) A circular dance. Round (n.) That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a round of applause. Round (n.) Rotation, as in office; succession. Round (n.) The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a crosspiece which joins and braces the legs of a chair. Round (n.) A course ending where it began; a circuit; a beat; especially, one freguently or regulary traversed; also, the act of traversing a circuit; as, a watchman's round; the rounds of the postman. Round (n.) A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all things safe; also, the guard or officer, with his attendants, who performs this duty; -- usually in the plural. Round (n.) A general discharge of firearms by a body of troops in which each soldier fires once. Round (n.) Ammunition for discharging a piece or pieces once; as, twenty rounds of ammunition were given out. Round (n.) A short vocal piece, resembling a catch in which three or four voices follow each other round in a species of canon in the unison. Round (n.) The time during which prize fighters or boxers are in actual contest without an intermission, as prescribed by their rules; a bout. Round (n.) A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is concluded, the yeast escaping through the bunghole. Round (n.) A vessel filled, as for drinking. Round (n.) An assembly; a group; a circle; as, a round of politicians. Round (n.) See Roundtop. Round (n.) Same as Round of beef, below. Round (adv.) On all sides; around. Round (adv.) Circularly; in a circular form or manner; by revolving or reversing one's position; as, to turn one's head round; a wheel turns round. Round (adv.) In circumference; as, a ball is ten inches round. Round (adv.) From one side or party to another; as to come or turn round, -- that is, to change sides or opinions. Round (adv.) By or in a circuit; by a course longer than the direct course; back to the starting point. Round (adv.) Through a circle, as of friends or houses. Round (adv.) Roundly; fully; vigorously. Round (prep.) On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; around; about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city; to wind a cable round a windlass. Rounded (imp. & p. p.) of Round Rounding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Round Round (v. t.) To make circular, spherical, or cylindrical; to give a round or convex figure to; as, to round a silver coin; to round the edges of anything. Round (v. t.) To surround; to encircle; to encompass. Round (v. t.) To bring to fullness or completeness; to complete; hence, to bring to a fit conclusion. Round (v. t.) To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a corner or point); as, to round a corner; to round Cape Horn. Round (v. t.) To make full, smooth, and flowing; as, to round periods in writing. Round (v. i.) To grow round or full; hence, to attain to fullness, completeness, or perfection. Round (v. i.) To go round, as a guard. Round (v. i.) To go or turn round; to wheel about. Roundabout (a.) Circuitous; going round; indirect; as, roundabout speech. Roundabout (a.) Encircling; enveloping; comprehensive. Roundabout (n.) A horizontal wheel or frame, commonly with wooden horses, etc., on which children ride; a merry-go-round. Roundabout (n.) A dance performed in a circle. Roundabout (n.) A short, close jacket worn by boys, sailors, etc. Roundabout (n.) A state or scene of constant change, or of recurring labor and vicissitude. Roundaboutness (n.) The quality of being roundabout; circuitousness. Round-arm (a.) Applied to the method delivering the ball in bowling, by swinging the arm horizontally. Round-backed (a.) Having a round back or shoulders; round-shouldered. Rounded (a.) Modified by contraction of the lip opening; labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, / 11. Roundel (a.) A rondelay. Roundel (a.) Anything having a round form; a round figure; a circle. Roundel (a.) A small circular shield, sometimes not more than a foot in diameter, used by soldiers in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Roundel (a.) A circular spot; a sharge in the form of a small circle. Roundel (a.) A bastion of a circular form. Roundelay (n.) See Rondeau, and Rondel. Roundelay (n.) A tune in which a simple strain is often repeated; a simple rural strain which is short and lively. Roundelay (n.) A dance in a circle. Roundelay (n.) Anything having a round form; a roundel. Rounder (n.) One who rounds; one who comes about frequently or regularly. Rounder (n.) A tool for making an edge or surface round. Rounder (n.) An English game somewhat resembling baseball; also, another English game resembling the game of fives, but played with a football. Roundfish (n.) Any ordinary market fish, exclusive of flounders, sole, halibut, and other flatfishes. Roundfish (n.) A lake whitefish (Coregonus quadrilateralis), less compressed than the common species. It is very abundant in British America and Alaska. Roundhead (n.) A nickname for a Puritan. See Roundheads, the, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Roundheaded (a.) Having a round head or top. Roundhouse (n.) A constable's prison; a lockup, watch-house, or station house. Roundhouse (n.) A cabin or apartament on the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; -- sometimes called the coach. Roundhouse (n.) A privy near the bow of the vessel. Roundhouse (n.) A house for locomotive engines, built circularly around a turntable. Rounding (a.) Round or nearly round; becoming round; roundish. Rounding (n.) Small rope, or strands of rope, or spun yarn, wound round a rope to keep it from chafing; -- called also service. Rounding (n.) Modifying a speech sound by contraction of the lip opening; labializing; labialization. See Guide to Pronunciation, / 11. Roundish (a.) Somewhat round; as, a roundish seed; a roundish figure. Roundlet (n.) A little circle. Roundly (adv.) In a round form or manner. Roundly (adv.) Openly; boldly; peremptorily; plumply. Roundly (adv.) Briskly; with speed. Roundly (adv.) Completely; vigorously; in earnest. Roundly (adv.) Without regard to detail; in gross; comprehensively; generally; as, to give numbers roundly. Roundness (n.) The quality or state of being round in shape; as, the roundness of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, a column, etc. Roundness (n.) Fullness; smoothness of flow; as, the roundness of a period; the roundness of a note; roundness of tone. Roundness (n.) Openess; plainess; boldness; positiveness; as, the roundness of an assertion. Roundridge (v. t.) To form into round ridges by plowing. Round-shouldered (a.) Having the shoulders stooping or projecting; round-backed. Roundsmen (pl. ) of Roundsman Roundsman (n.) A patrolman; also, a policeman who acts as an inspector over the rounds of the patrolmen. Roundtop (n.) A top; a platform at a masthead; -- so called because formerly round in shape. Round-up (n.) The act of collecting or gathering together scattered cattle by riding around them and driving them in. Roundure (n.) Roundness; a round or circle. Roundworm (n.) A nematoid worm. Roundy (a.) Round. Roup (v. i. & t.) To cry or shout; hence, to sell by auction. Roup (n.) An outcry; hence, a sale of gods by auction. Roup (n.) A disease in poultry. See Pip. Rousant (a.) Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of rising; also, sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed. Rouse (v. i. & t.) To pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance of mechanical appliances. Rouse (n.) A bumper in honor of a toast or health. Rouse (n.) A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic. Roused (imp. & p. p.) of Rouse Rousing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rouse Rouse (v.) To cause to start from a covert or lurking place; as, to rouse a deer or other animal of the chase. Rouse (v.) To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or suddenly. Rouse (v.) To excite to lively thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to rouse the faculties, passions, or emotions. Rouse (v.) To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate. Rouse (v.) To raise; to make erect. Rouse (v. i.) To get or start up; to rise. Rouse (v. i.) To awake from sleep or repose. Rouse (v. i.) To be exited to thought or action from a state of indolence or inattention. Rouser (n.) One who, or that which, rouses. Rouser (n.) Something very exciting or great. Rouser (n.) A stirrer in a copper for boiling wort. Rousing (a.) Having power to awaken or excite; exciting. Rousing (a.) Very great; violent; astounding; as, a rousing fire; a rousing lie. Rousingly (adv.) In a rousing manner. Roussette (n.) A fruit bat, especially the large species (Pieropus vulgaris) inhabiting the islands of the Indian ocean. It measures about a yard across the expanded wings. Roussette (n.) Any small shark of the genus Scyllium; -- called also dogfish. See Dogfish. Roust (v. t.) To rouse; to disturb; as, to roust one out. Roust (n.) A strong tide or current, especially in a narrow channel. Roustabout (n.) A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives by chance jobs. Rout (v. i.) To roar; to bellow; to snort; to snore loudly. Rout (n.) A bellowing; a shouting; noise; clamor; uproar; disturbance; tumult. Rout (v. t.) To scoop out with a gouge or other tool; to furrow. Rout (v. i.) To search or root in the ground, as a swine. Rout (n.) A troop; a throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a traveling company or throng. Rout (n.) A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence, the rabble; the herd of common people. Rout (n.) The state of being disorganized and thrown into confusion; -- said especially of an army defeated, broken in pieces, and put to flight in disorder or panic; also, the act of defeating and breaking up an army; as, the rout of the enemy was complete. Rout (n.) A disturbance of the peace by persons assembled together with intent to do a thing which, if executed, would make them rioters, and actually making a motion toward the executing thereof. Rout (n.) A fashionable assembly, or large evening party. Routed (imp. & p. p.) of Rout Routing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rout Rout (v. t.) To break the ranks of, as troops, and put them to flight in disorder; to put to rout. Rout (v. i.) To assemble in a crowd, whether orderly or disorderly; to collect in company. Route (n.) The course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be passed; a passing; a course; a road or path; a march. Router (n.) A plane made like a spokeshave, for working the inside edges of circular sashes. Router (n.) A plane with a hooked tool protruding far below the sole, for smoothing the bottom of a cavity. Routhe (n.) Ruth; sorrow. Routinary (a.) Involving, or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; customary. Routine (n.) A round of business, amusement, or pleasure, daily or frequently pursued; especially, a course of business or offical duties regularly or frequently returning. Routine (n.) Any regular course of action or procedure rigidly adhered to by the mere force of habit. Routinism (n.) the practice of doing things with undiscriminating, mechanical regularity. Routinist (n.) One who habituated to a routine. Routish (a.) Uproarious; riotous. Routously (adv.) With that violation of law called a rout. See 5th Rout, 4. Roux (n.) A thickening, made of flour, for soups and gravies. Rove (v. t.) To draw through an eye or aperture. Rove (v. t.) To draw out into flakes; to card, as wool. Rove (v. t.) To twist slightly; to bring together, as slivers of wool or cotton, and twist slightly before spinning. Rove (n.) A copper washer upon which the end of a nail is clinched in boat building. Rove (n.) A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slighty twisted, preparatory to further process; a roving. Roved (imp. & p. p.) of Rove Roving (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rove Rove (v. i.) To practice robbery on the seas; to wander about on the seas in piracy. Rove (v. i.) Hence, to wander; to ramble; to rauge; to go, move, or pass without certain direction in any manner, by sailing, walking, riding, flying, or otherwise. Rove (v. i.) To shoot at rovers; hence, to shoot at an angle of elevation, not at point-blank (rovers usually being beyond the point-blank range). Rove (v. t.) To wander over or through. Rove (v. t.) To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two furrows together. Rove (n.) The act of wandering; a ramble. Rover (v. i.) One who practices robbery on the seas; a pirate. Rover (v. i.) One who wanders about by sea or land; a wanderer; a rambler. Rover (v. i.) Hence, a fickle, inconstant person. Rover (v. i.) A ball which has passed through all the hoops and would go out if it hit the stake but is continued in play; also, the player of such a ball. Rover (v. i.) Casual marks at uncertain distances. Rover (v. i.) A sort of arrow. Roving (n.) The operatin of forming the rove, or slightly twisted sliver or roll of wool or cotton, by means of a machine for the purpose, called a roving frame, or roving machine. Roving (n.) A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slightly twisted; a rove. See 2d Rove, 2. Roving (n.) The act of one who roves or wanders. Rovingly (adv.) In a wandering manner. Rovingness (n.) The state of roving. Row (a. & adv.) Rough; stern; angry. Row (n.) A noisy, turbulent quarrel or disturbance; a brawl. Row (n.) A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as, a row of trees; a row of houses or columns. Rowed (imp. & p. p.) of Row Rowing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Row Row (v. t.) To propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along the surface of water; as, to row a boat. Row (v. t.) To transport in a boat propelled with oars; as, to row the captain ashore in his barge. Row (v. i.) To use the oar; as, to row well. Row (v. i.) To be moved by oars; as, the boat rows easily. Row (n.) The act of rowing; excursion in a rowboat. Rowable (a.) That may be rowed, or rowed upon. Rowan (n.) Rowan tree. Rowan tree () A european tree (Pyrus aucuparia) related to the apple, but with pinnate leaves and flat corymbs of small white flowers followed by little bright red berries. Called also roan tree, and mountain ash. The name is also applied to two American trees of similar habit (Pyrus Americana, and P. sambucifolia). Rowboat (n.) A boat designed to be propelled by oars instead of sails. Rowdies (pl. ) of Rowdy Rowdy (n.) One who engages in rows, or noisy quarrels; a ruffianly fellow. Rowdydow (n.) Hubbub; uproar. Rowdydowdy (a.) Uproarious. Rowdyish (a.) Resembling a rowdy in temper or conduct; characteristic of a rowdy. Rowdyism (n.) the conduct of a rowdy. Rowed (a.) Formed into a row, or rows; having a row, or rows; as, a twelve-rowed ear of corn. Rowel (n.) The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points. Rowel (n.) A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits. Rowel (n.) A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human surgery. Roweled (imp. & p. p.) of Rowel Rowelled () of Rowel Roweling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rowel Rowelling () of Rowel Rowel (v. t.) To insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a horse). Rowel bone () See rewel bone. Rowen (n.) A stubble field left unplowed till late in the autumn, that it may be cropped by cattle. Rowen (n.) The second growth of grass in a season; aftermath. Rower (n.) One who rows with an oar. Rowett (n.) See Rowen. Rowlock (n.) A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the oar. Rown (v. i. & t.) see Roun. Rowport (n.) An opening in the side of small vessels of war, near the surface of the water, to facilitate rowing in calm weather. Roxburgh (n.) A style of bookbinding in which the back is plain leather, the sides paper or cloth, the top gilt-edged, but the front and bottom left uncut. Roy (n.) A king. Roy (a.) Royal. Royal (a.) Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable for a king or queen; regal; as, royal power or prerogative; royal domains; the royal family; royal state. Royal (a.) Noble; generous; magnificent; princely. Royal (a.) Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted by the sovereign; as, the Royal Academy of Arts; the Royal Society. Royal (n.) Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See under paper, n. Royal (n.) A small sail immediately above the topgallant sail. Royal (n.) One of the upper or distal branches of an antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the antlers of a stag. Royal (n.) A small mortar. Royal (n.) One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot of the British army, formerly called the Royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe; -- now called the Royal Scots. Royal (n.) An old English coin. See Rial. Royalet (n.) A petty or powerless king. Royalism (n.) the principles or conduct of royalists. Royalist (n.) An adherent of a king (as of Charles I. in England, or of the Bourbons in france); one attached to monarchical government. Royalization (n.) The act of making loyal to a king. Royalize (v. t.) to make royal. Royally (adv.) In a royal or kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king. Royalties (pl. ) of Royalty Royalty (n.) The state of being royal; the condition or quality of a royal person; kingship; kingly office; sovereignty. Royalty (n.) The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the presence of royalty. Royalty (n.) An emblem of royalty; -- usually in the plural, meaning regalia. Royalty (n.) Kingliness; spirit of regal authority. Royalty (n.) Domain; province; sphere. Royalty (n.) That which is due to a sovereign, as a seigniorage on gold and silver coined at the mint, metals taken from mines, etc.; the tax exacted in lieu of such share; imperiality. Royalty (n.) A share of the product or profit (as of a mine, forest, etc.), reserved by the owner for permitting another to use the property. Royalty (n.) Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner of a patent or a copyright at a certain rate for each article manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the owner of an article by one who hires the use of it. Royne (v. t.) To bite; to gnaw. Roynish (a.) Mangy; scabby; hence, mean; paltry; troublesome. Royster (n.) Alt. of Roysterer Roysterer (n.) same as Roister, Roisterer. Royston crow () See Hooded crow, under Hooded. Roytelet (n.) A little king. Roytish (a.) Wild; irregular. Rubbed (imp. & p. p.) of Rub Rubbing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rub Rub (v. t.) To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper. Rub (v. t.) To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground. Rub (v. t.) To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body. Rub (v. t.) To spread a substance thinly over; to smear. Rub (v. t.) To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; -- often with up or over; as, to rub up silver. Rub (v. t.) To hinder; to cross; to thwart. Rub (v. i.) To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost. Rub (v. i.) To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore. Rub (v. i.) To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world. Rub (n.) The act of rubbing; friction. Rub (n.) That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch. Rub (n.) Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; unevenness. Rub (n.) Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub. Rub (n.) Imperfection; failing; fault. Rub (n.) A chance. Rub (n.) A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; -- called also rubstone. Ruba-dub (n.) The sound of a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a clamorous, repeated sound; a clatter. Rubato (a.) Robbed; borrowed. Rubbage (n.) Rubbish. Rubber (n.) One who, or that which, rubs. Rubber (n.) An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning. Rubber (n.) A coarse file, or the rough part of a file. Rubber (n.) A whetstone; a rubstone. Rubber (n.) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc. Rubber (n.) The cushion of an electrical machine. Rubber (n.) One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish bath. Rubber (n.) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. Rubber (n.) In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the fifth, when there is a tie between the players; as, to play the rubber; also, a contest determined by the winning of two out of three games; as, to play a rubber of whist. Rubber (n.) India rubber; caoutchouc. Rubber (n.) An overshoe made of India rubber. Rubbidge (n.) Rubbish. Rubbing () a. & n. from Rub, v. Rubbish (n.) Waste or rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff; trash; especially, fragments of building materials or fallen buildings; ruins; debris. Rubbish (a.) Of or pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish; trashy. Rubble (n.) Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls. Rubble (n.) Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone; brash. Rubble (n.) A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under the alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock. Rubble (n.) The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc. Rubblestone (n.) See Rubble, 1 and 2. Rubblework (n.) Masonry constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in size and shape. Rubbly (a.) Relating to, or containing, rubble. Rubedinous (a.) Reddish. Rubefacient (a.) Making red. Rubefacient (n.) An external application which produces redness of the skin. Rubefaction (n.) The act or process of making red. Rubelet (n.) A little ruby. Rubella (n.) An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; -- called also German measles. Rubelle (n.) A red color used in enameling. Rubellite (n.) A variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to a deep ruby, and containing lithium. Rubeola (n.) the measles. Rubeola (n.) Rubella. Ruberythrinic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which alizarin is obtained. Rubescence (n.) The quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush. Rubescent (a.) Growing or becoming red; tending to redness. Rubiaceous (a.) Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of plants (Rubiaceae) named after the madder (Rubia tinctoria), and including about three hundred and seventy genera and over four thousand species. Among them are the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine, the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible fruits called genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants noted for the beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms. Rubiacin (n.) A substance found in madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid. Rubian (n.) One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder root. Rubianic (a.) pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; specifically, designating an acid called also ruberythrinic acid. Ru bible (n.) A ribble. Rubican (a.) Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of white or gray especially on the flanks; -- said of horses. Rubicelle (n.) A variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil. Rubicon (n.) A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Caesar. Rubicund (a.) Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. Rubicundity (n.) The quality or state of being rubicund; ruddiness. Rubidic (a.) Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium. Rubidine (n.) A nitrogenous base homologous with pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C11H17N; also, any one of the group od metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type. Rubidium (n.) A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2. Rubific (a.) Making red; as, rubific rays. Rubification (n.) The act of making red. Rubiform (a.) Having the nature or quality of red; as, the rubiform rays of the sun. Rubify (v. t.) To redden. Rubiginose (a.) Alt. of Rubiginous Rubiginous (a.) Having the appearance or color of iron rust; rusty-looking. Rubigo (n.) same as Rust, n., 2. Rubin (n.) A ruby. Rubious (a.) Red; ruddy. Rubiretin (n.) One of the red dye products extracted from madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid. Ruble (n.) The unit of monetary value in Russia. It is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. Rubric (n.) That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions. Rubric (n.) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when printed in red. Rubric (n.) The title of a statute; -- so called as being anciently written in red letters. Rubric (n.) The directions and rules for the conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; -- usually in the plural. Rubric (n.) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed. Rubric (v. t.) To adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. Rubric (a.) Alt. of Rubrical Rubrical (a.) Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics. Rubrical (a.) Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. Rubricate (n.) Marked with red. Rubricate (v. t.) To mark or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric; to establish in a settled and unchangeable form. Rubrician (n.) Alt. of Rubricist Rubricist (n.) One skilled in, or tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or rubrics. Rubricity (n.) Redness. Rubstone (n.) A stone for scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub. Rubus (n.) A genus of rosaceous plants, including the raspberry and blackberry. Rubies (pl. ) of Ruby Ruby (n.) A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of corundum. Ruby (n.) The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint. Ruby (n.) That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle. Ruby (n.) See Agate, n., 2. Ruby (n.) Any species of South American humming birds of the genus Clytolaema. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast. Ruby (a.) Ruby-colored; red; as, ruby lips. Rubied (imp. & p. p.) of Ruby Rubying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruby Ruby (v. t.) To make red; to redden. Rubytail (n.) A European gold wasp (Chrysis ignita) which has the under side of the abdomen bright red, and the other parts deep bluish green with a metallic luster. The larva is parasitic in the nests of other wasps and of bees. Ruby-tailed (a.) Having the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red. Rubythroat (n.) Any one of numerous species of humming birds belonging to Trochilus, Calypte, Stellula, and allies, in which the male has on the throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having metallic reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern United States (Trochilus colubris). Rubywood (n.) red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood. Rucervine (a.) Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rucervus, which includes the swamp deer of India. Ruche (n.) A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or other material, -- used in place of collars or cuffs, and as a trimming for women's dresses and bonnets. Ruche (n.) A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster spawn. Ruching (n.) A ruche, or ruches collectively. Ruck (n.) A roc. Rucked (imp. & p. p.) of Ruck Rucking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruck Ruck (v. t. & i.) To draw into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to ruck up a carpet. Ruck (v. t.) A wrinkle or crease in a piece of cloth, or in needlework. Ruck (v. i.) To cower; to huddle together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs. Ruck (n.) A heap; a rick. Ruck (n.) The common sort, whether persons or things; as, the ruck in a horse race. Ructation (n.) The act of belching wind. Ruction (n.) An uproar; a quarrel; a noisy outbreak. Rud (n.) Redness; blush. Rud (n.) Ruddle; red ocher. Rud (n.) The rudd. Rud (v. t.) To make red. Rudd (n.) A fresh-water European fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and shape of the roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body, and red irises. Called also redeye, roud, finscale, and shallow. A blue variety is called azurine, or blue roach. Rudder (n.) A riddle or sieve. Rudder (n.) The mechanical appliance by means of which a vessel is guided or steered when in motion. It is a broad and flat blade made of wood or iron, with a long shank, and is fastened in an upright position, usually by one edge, to the sternpost of the vessel in such a way that it can be turned from side to side in the water by means of a tiller, wheel, or other attachment. Rudder (n.) Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide or governor; that which guides or governs the course. Rudderhead (n.) The upper end of the rudderpost, to which the tiller is attached. Rudderhole (n.) The hole in the deck through which the rudderpost passes. Rudderless (a.) Without a rudder. Rudderpost (n.) The shank of a rudder, having the blade at one end and the attachments for operating it at the other. Rudderstock (n.) The main part or blade of the rudder, which is connected by hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of a vessel. Ruddied (a.) Made ruddy or red. Ruddily (adv.) In a ruddy manner. Ruddiness (n.) The quality or state of being ruddy; as, the ruddiness of the cheeks or the sky. Ruddle (v. t.) To raddle or twist. Ruddle (n.) A riddle or sieve. Ruddle (n.) A species of red earth colored by iron sesquioxide; red ocher. Ruddle (v. t.) To mark with ruddle; to raddle; to rouge. Ruddock (n.) The European robin. Ruddock (n.) A piece of gold money; -- probably because the gold of coins was often reddened by copper alloy. Called also red ruddock, and golden ruddock. Ruddy (n.) Of a red color; red, or reddish; as, a ruddy sky; a ruddy flame. Ruddy (n.) Of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in high health; as, ruddy cheeks or lips. Ruddy (v. t.) To make ruddy. Rude (superl.) Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement; coarse. Rude (superl.) Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or polished; -- said especially of material things; as, rude workmanship. Rude (superl.) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank; uncivil; clownish; ignorant; raw; unskillful; -- said of persons, or of conduct, skill, and the like. Rude (superl.) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement; harsh; severe; -- said of the weather, of storms, and the like; as, the rude winter. Rude (superl.) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; -- said of war, conflict, and the like; as, the rude shock of armies. Rude (superl.) Not finished or complete; inelegant; lacking chasteness or elegance; not in good taste; unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; -- said of literature, language, style, and the like. Rudenture (n.) Cabling. See Cabling. Ruderary (a.) Of or pertaining to rubbish.. Rudesby (n.) An uncivil, turbulent fellow. Rudesheimer (n.) A German wine made near Rudesheim, on the Rhine. Rudiment (n.) That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning. Rudiment (n.) Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step. Rudiment (n.) An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed. Rudiment (v. t.) To furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments. Rudimental (a.) Rudimentary. Rudimentary (a.) Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary; initial; as, rudimental essays. Rudimentary (a.) Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of development; embryonic. Rudish (a.) Somewhat rude. Rudistes (n. pl.) An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks characteristic of the Cretaceous period; -- called also Rudista. See Illust. under Hippurite. Rudity (n.) Rudeness; ignorance. Rudmasday (n.) Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 and September 14, annually. Rudolphine (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; -- so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany. Rue (n.) A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine. Rue (n.) Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret. Rued (imp. & p. p.) of Rue Ruing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rue Rue (v. t.) To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over. Rue (v. t.) To cause to grieve; to afflict. Rue (v. t.) To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released from. Rue (v. i.) To have compassion. Rue (v. i.) To feel sorrow and regret; to repent. Rue (v. t.) Sorrow; repetance. Rueful (a.) Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; sorrowful. Rueful (a.) Expressing sorrow. Ruell bone () See rewel bone. Ruelle (n.) A private circle or assembly at a private house; a circle. Rufescent (a.) Reddish; tinged with red. Ruff (n.) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it. Ruff (n.) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit led. Ruff (v. i. & t.) To trump. Ruff (n.) A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children. Ruff (n.) Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this name. Ruff (n.) An exhibition of pride or haughtiness. Ruff (n.) Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. Ruff (n.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle. Ruff (n.) A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion. See Illust. of Collar. Ruff (n.) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird. Ruff (n.) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, / Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve. Ruff (n.) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck. Ruffed (imp. & p. p.) of Ruff Ruffing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruff Ruff (v. t.) To ruffle; to disorder. Ruff (v. t.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum. Ruff (v. t.) To hit, as the prey, without fixing it. Ruff (n.) Alt. of Ruffe Ruffe (n.) A small freshwater European perch (Acerina vulgaris); -- called also pope, blacktail, and stone, / striped, perch. Ruffed (a.) Furnished with a ruff. Ruffian (n.) A pimp; a pander; also, a paramour. Ruffian (n.) A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat. Ruffian (a.) brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian rage. Ruffian (v. i.) To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. Ruffianage (n.) Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. Ruffianish (a.) Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; ruffianly. Ruffianlike (a.) Ruffianly. Ruffianly (a.) Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a ruffian; violent; brutal. Ruffianous (a.) Ruffianly. Ruffin (a.) Disordered. Ruffled (imp. & p. p.) of Ruffle Ruffling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruffle Ruffle (v. t.) To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle. Ruffle (v. t.) To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt. Ruffle (v. t.) To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation or commotion. Ruffle (v. t.) To erect in a ruff, as feathers. Ruffle (v. t.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum. Ruffle (v. t.) To discompose; to agitate; to disturb. Ruffle (v. t.) To throw into disorder or confusion. Ruffle (v. t.) To throw together in a disorderly manner. Ruffle (v. i.) To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. Ruffle (v. i.) To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter. Ruffle (v. i.) To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger. Ruffle (v. t. & i.) That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill. Ruffle (v. t. & i.) A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle. Ruffle (v. t. & i.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; -- called also ruff. Ruffle (v. t. & i.) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of any one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur. See Ootheca. Ruffleless (a.) Having no ruffle. Rufflement (n.) The act of ruffling. Ruffler (n.) One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian. Ruffler (n.) That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine attachment for making ruffles. Rufigallic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene. Rufiopin (n.) A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid. Rufol (n.) A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone. Rufous (a.) Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red color; tawny. Ruft (n.) Eructation; belching. Rufterhood (n.) A kind of hood for a hawk. Rug (a.) A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments. Rug (a.) A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, -- used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a potiere, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc. Rug (a.) A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. Rug (v. t.) To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear. Rugae (pl. ) of Ruga Ruga (n.) A wrinkle; a fold; as, the rugae of the stomach. Rugate (a.) Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. Rugged (n.) Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road. Rugged (n.) Not neat or regular; uneven. Rugged (n.) Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. Rugged (n.) Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of temper, character, and the like, or of persons. Rugged (n.) Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Rugged (n.) Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, style, and the like. Rugged (n.) Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of looks, etc. Rugged (n.) Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct, manners, etc. Rugged (n.) Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health, physique, etc. Rugging (n.) A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing, etc. Rug-gowned (a.) Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug. Ruggy (a.) Rugged; rough. Rug-headed (a.) Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. Rugin (n.) A nappy cloth. Rugine (n.) An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a raspatory. Rugine (v. t.) To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. Rugosa (n. pl.) An extinct tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them of large size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in multiples of four. See Cyathophylloid. Rugose (a.) Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.), having the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of the sage and horehound. Rugosity (n.) The quality or state of being rugose. Rugous (a.) Wrinkled; rugose. Rugulose (a.) Somewhat rugose. Ruhmkorff's coil () See Induction coil, under Induction. Ruin (n.) The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. Ruin (n.) Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or hopes. Ruin (n.) That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like. Ruin (n.) The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin. Ruin (n.) That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction. Ruined (imp. & p. p.) of Ruin Ruining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruin Ruin (n.) To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow. Ruin (v. i.) To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish. Ruinable (a.) Capable of being ruined. Ruinate (v. t.) To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin. Ruinate (v. t.) To cause to fall; to cast down. Ruinate (v. i.) To fall; to tumble. Ruinate (a.) Involved in ruin; ruined. Ruination (n.) The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined. Ruiner (n.) One who, or that which, ruins. Ruiniform (a.) Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; -- said of certain minerals. Ruinous (a.) Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a ruinous project. Ruinous (a.) Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous state. Ruinous (a.) Composed of, or consisting in, ruins. Rukh (n.) The roc. Rukh (n.) A large bird, supposed by some to be the same as the extinct Epiornis of Madagascar. Rulable (a.) That may be ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable to rule. Rule (a.) That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various societies; the rules governing a school; a rule of etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket. Rule (a.) Uniform or established course of things. Rule (a.) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise at six o'clock. Rule (a.) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or condition of things; as, it is a rule to which there are many exeptions. Rule (a.) Conduct in general; behavior. Rule (a.) The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; authority; control. Rule (a.) An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an action or a suit. Rule (a.) A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result; as, a rule for extracting the cube root. Rule (a.) A general principle concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that s or es , added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but "man" forms its plural "men", and is an exception to the rule. Rule (a.) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler. Rule (a.) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and jointed so that it may be folded compactly. Rule (a.) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in tabular work. Rule (a.) A composing rule. See under Conposing. Ruled (imp. & p. p.) of Rule Ruling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rule Rule (n.) To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage. Rule (n.) To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to guide; -- used chiefly in the passive. Rule (n.) To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice. Rule (n.) To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order of court. Rule (n.) To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result; as, to rule a sheet of paper of a blank book. Rule (v. i.) To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; -- often followed by over. Rule (v. i.) To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a rule. Rule (v. i.) To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday than the day before. Ruleless (a.) Destitute of rule; lawless. Rule-monger (n.) A stickler for rules; a slave of rules Ruler (n.) One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor. Ruler (n.) A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, n., 7 (a). Ruling (a.) Predominant; chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling passion; a ruling sovereign. Ruling (a.) Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a ruling machine or pen. Ruling (n.) The act of one who rules; ruled lines. Ruling (n.) A decision or rule of a judge or a court, especially an oral decision, as in excluding evidence. Rulingly (adv.) In a ruling manner; so as to rule. Rullichies (n. pl.) Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices and fried. Ruly (a.) Orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed to unruly. Rum (n.) A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or from the scummings of the boiled juice, or from treacle or molasses, or from the lees of former distillations. Also, sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective name for intoxicating liquor. Rum (a.) Old-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow. Rum (n.) A queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. Rumble (v. i.) To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as, the thunder rumbles at a distance. Rumble (v. i.) To murmur; to ripple. Rumble (n.) A noisy report; rumor. Rumble (n.) A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise; as, the rumble of a railroad train. Rumble (n.) A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage. Rumble (n.) A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or polished by friction against each other. Rumble (v. t.) To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. See Rumble, n., 4. Rumbler (n.) One who, or that which, rumbles. Rumbling () a. & n. from Rumble, v. i. Rumblingly (adv.) In a rumbling manner. Rumbo (n.) Grog. Rumbowline (n.) Same as Rombowline. Rumen (n.) The first stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See Illust. below. Rumen (n.) The cud of a ruminant. Rumicin (n.) A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow dock (Rumex crispus) and identical with chrysophanic acid. Ruminal (a.) Ruminant; ruminating. Ruminant (a.) Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia. Ruminant (n.) A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia. Ruminantia (n. pl.) A division of Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division includes the camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and allies. Ruminantly (adv.) In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud. Ruminated (imp. & p. p.) of Ruminate Ruminating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruminate Ruminate (v. i.) To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed. Ruminate (v. i.) To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to reflect. Ruminate (v. t.) To chew over again. Ruminate (v. t.) To meditate or ponder over; to muse on. Ruminate (a.) Alt. of Ruminated Ruminated (a.) Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American papaw. Rumination (n.) The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the cud. Rumination (n.) The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection. Rumination (n.) The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has been swallowed, -- occasionally observed as a morbid phenomenon in man. Ruminative (a.) Inclined to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation. Ruminator (n.) One who ruminates or muses; a meditator. Rumkin (n.) A popular or jocular name for a drinking vessel. Rummage (n.) A place or room for the stowage of cargo in a ship; also, the act of stowing cargo; the pulling and moving about of packages incident to close stowage; -- formerly written romage. Rummage (n.) A searching carefully by looking into every corner, and by turning things over. Rummaged (imp. & p. p.) of Rummage Rummaging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rummage Rummage (v. t.) To make room in, as a ship, for the cargo; to move about, as packages, ballast, so as to permit close stowage; to stow closely; to pack; -- formerly written roomage, and romage. Rummage (v. t.) To search or examine thoroughly by looking into every corner, and turning over or removing goods or other things; to examine, as a book, carefully, turning over leaf after leaf. Rummage (v. i.) To search a place narrowly. Rummager (n.) One who rummages. Rummager (n.) A person on shipboard whose business was to take charge of stowing the cargo; -- formerly written roomager, and romager. Rummer (n.) A large and tall glass, or drinking cup. Rummy (a.) Of or pertaining to rum; characteristic of rum; as a rummy flavor. Rummies (pl. ) of Rummy Rummy (n.) One who drinks rum; an habitually intemperate person. Rummy (a.) Strange; odd. Rumney (n.) A sort of Spanish wine. Rumor (n.) A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety. Rumor (n.) A current story passing from one person to another, without any known authority for its truth; -- in this sense often personified. Rumor (n.) A prolonged, indistinct noise. Rumored (imp. & p. p.) of Rumor Rumoring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rumor Rumor (v. t.) To report by rumor; to tell. Rumorer (n.) A teller of news; especially, one who spreads false reports. Rumorous (a.) Of or pertaining to a rumor; of the nature of rumors. Rumorous (a.) Famous; notorious. Rumorous (a.) Murmuring. Rump (n.) The end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent; the buttock or buttocks. Rump (n.) Among butchers, the piece of beef between the sirloin and the aitchbone piece. See Illust. of Beef. Rump (n.) The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant. Rumper (n.) A member or a supporter of the Rump Parliament. Rump-fed (a.) A Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps "fattened in the rump, pampered." Rumpled (imp. & p. p.) of Rumple Rumpling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rumple Rumple (v. t. & i.) To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat. Rumple (n.) A fold or plait; a wrinkle. Rumpled (a.) Wrinkled; crumpled. Rumpless (a.) Destitute of a rump. Rumply (a.) Rumpled. Rumpus (n.) A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. Rumseller (n.) One who sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors; especially, one who sells spirituous beverages at retail. Ran (imp.) of Run Run () of Run Run (p. p.) of Run Running (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Run Run (a.) To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Run (a.) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten. Run (a.) To flee, as from fear or danger. Run (a.) To steal off; to depart secretly. Run (a.) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress. Run (a.) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt. Run (a.) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle. Run (a.) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another. Run (a.) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with on. Run (a.) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; -- with on. Run (a.) To creep, as serpents. Run (a.) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. Run (a.) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread. Run (a.) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse. Run (a.) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round. Run (a.) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago. Run (a.) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not to the contrary. Run (a.) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station. Run (a.) To make progress; to proceed; to pass. Run (a.) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week. Run (a.) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west. Run (a.) To be in form thus, as a combination of words. Run (a.) To be popularly known; to be generally received. Run (a.) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly. Run (a.) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. Run (a.) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing. Run (a.) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain covenants run with the land. Run (a.) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has thirty days to run. Run (a.) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs. Run (a.) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the piece ran for six months. Run (a.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels. Run (a.) Specifically, of a horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Run (a.) To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic competition. Run (v. t.) To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block. Run (v. i.) To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. Run (v. i.) To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot. Run (v. i.) To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. Run (v. i.) To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like. Run (v. i.) To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line. Run (v. i.) To cause to pass, or evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods. Run (v. i.) To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career. Run (v. i.) To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress. Run (v. i.) To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chances, below. Run (v. i.) To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. Run (v. i.) To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water. Run (v. i.) To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood. Run (v. i.) To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel. Run (v. i.) To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. Run (v. i.) To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time. Run (v. i.) To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn. Run (n.) The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run. Run (n.) A small stream; a brook; a creek. Run (n.) That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard. Run (n.) A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck. Run (n.) State of being current; currency; popularity. Run (n.) Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as, to have a run of a hundred successive nights. Run (n.) A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes. Run (n.) A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run. Run (n.) The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under the quarter. Run (n.) The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run of fifty miles. Run (n.) A voyage; as, a run to China. Run (n.) A pleasure excursion; a trip. Run (n.) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes. Run (n.) A roulade, or series of running tones. Run (n.) The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed. Run (n.) The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; -- said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning. Run (n.) In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went out with two hundred runs. Run (n.) A pair or set of millstones. Run (a.) Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as, run butter; run iron or lead. Run (a.) Smuggled; as, run goods. Runagate (n.) A fugitive; a vagabond; an apostate; a renegade. See Renegade. Runaway (n.) One who, or that which, flees from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; a fugitive. Runaway (n.) The act of running away, esp. of a horse or teams; as, there was a runaway yesterday. Runaway (a.) Running away; fleeing from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; as, runaway soldiers; a runaway horse. Runaway (a.) Accomplished by running away or elopement, or during flight; as, a runaway marriage. Runaway (a.) Won by a long lead; as, a runaway victory. Runaway (a.) Very successful; accomplishing success quickly; as, a runaway bestseller. Runcation (n.) A weeding. Runch (n.) The wild radish. Runcinate (a.) Pinnately cut with the lobes pointing downwards, as the leaf of the dandelion. Rundel (n.) A moat with water in it; also, a small stream; a runlet. Rundel (n.) A circle. Rundle (n.) A round; a step of a ladder; a rung. Rundle (n.) A ball. Rundle (n.) Something which rotates about an axis, as a wheel, or the drum of a capstan. Rundle (n.) One of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel. Rundlet (n.) A small barrel of no certain dimensions. It may contain from 3 to 20 gallons, but it usually holds about 14/ gallons. Rune (n.) A letter, or character, belonging to the written language of the ancient Norsemen, or Scandinavians; in a wider sense, applied to the letters of the ancient nations of Northern Europe in general. Rune (n.) Old Norse poetry expressed in runes. Runer (n.) A bard, or learned man, among the ancient Goths. Rung () imp. & p. p. of Ring. Rung (n.) A floor timber in a ship. Rung (n.) One of the rounds of a ladder. Rung (n.) One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy staff. Rung (n.) One of the radial handles projecting from the rim of a steering wheel; also, one of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel. Runghead (n.) The upper end of a floor timber in a ship. Runic (a.) Of or pertaining to a rune, to runes, or to the Norsemen; as, runic verses; runic letters; runic names; runic rhyme. Runlet (n.) A little run or stream; a streamlet; a brook. Runlet (n.) Same as Rundlet. Runnel (n.) A rivulet or small brook. Runner (n.) One who, or that which, runs; a racer. Runner (n.) A detective. Runner (n.) A messenger. Runner (n.) A smuggler. Runner (n.) One employed to solicit patronage, as for a steamboat, hotel, shop, etc. Runner (n.) A slender trailing branch which takes root at the joints or end and there forms new plants, as in the strawberry and the common cinquefoil. Runner (n.) The rotating stone of a set of millstones. Runner (n.) A rope rove through a block and used to increase the mechanical power of a tackle. Runner (n.) One of the pieces on which a sled or sleigh slides; also the part or blade of a skate which slides on the ice. Runner (n.) A horizontal channel in a mold, through which the metal flows to the cavity formed by the pattern; also, the waste metal left in such a channel. Runner (n.) A trough or channel for leading molten metal from a furnace to a ladle, mold, or pig bed. Runner (n.) The movable piece to which the ribs of an umbrella are attached. Runner (n.) A food fish (Elagatis pinnulatus) of Florida and the West Indies; -- called also skipjack, shoemaker, and yellowtail. The name alludes to its rapid successive leaps from the water. Runner (n.) Any cursorial bird. Runner (n.) A movable slab or rubber used in grinding or polishing a surface of stone. Runner (n.) A tool on which lenses are fastened in a group, for polishing or grinding. Runnet (n.) See Rennet. Running (a.) Moving or advancing by running. Running (a.) Having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer. Running (a.) trained and kept for running races; as, a running horse. Running (a.) Successive; one following the other without break or intervention; -- said of periods of time; as, to be away two days running; to sow land two years running. Running (a.) Flowing; easy; cursive; as, a running hand. Running (a.) Continuous; keeping along step by step; as, he stated the facts with a running explanation. Running (a.) Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem; as, a running vine. Running (a.) Discharging pus; as, a running sore. Running (n.) The act of one who, or of that which runs; as, the running was slow. Running (n.) That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which flows in a certain time or during a certain operation; as, the first running of a still. Running (n.) The discharge from an ulcer or other sore. Runningly (adv.) In a running manner. Runnion (n.) See Ronion. Runology (n.) The science of runes. Runround (n.) A felon or whitlow. Runt (a.) Any animal which is unusually small, as compared with others of its kind; -- applied particularly to domestic animals. Runt (a.) A variety of domestic pigeon, related to the barb and carrier. Runt (a.) A dwarf; also, a mean, despicable, boorish person; -- used opprobriously. Runt (a.) The dead stump of a tree; also, the stem of a plant. Runty (a.) Like a runt; diminutive; mean. Runway (n.) The channel of a stream. Runway (n.) The beaten path made by deer or other animals in passing to and from their feeding grounds. Rupee (n.) A silver coin, and money of account, in the East Indies. Rupellary (n.) Rocky. Rupert's drop () A kind of glass drop with a long tail, made by dropping melted glass into water. It is remarkable for bursting into fragments when the surface is scratched or the tail broken; -- so called from Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I., by whom they were first brought to England. Called also Rupert's ball, and glass tear. Rupia (n.) An eruption upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with inflamed base and filled with serous, purulent, or bloody fluid, which dries up, forming a blackish crust. Rupial (a.) Of or pertaining to rupia. Rupicola (n.) A genus of beautiful South American passerine birds, including the cock of the rock. Rupicoline (a.) Rock-inhabiting. Ruption (n.) A breaking or bursting open; breach; rupture. Ruptuary (n.) One not of noble blood; a plebeian; a roturier. Rupture (n.) The act of breaking apart, or separating; the state of being broken asunder; as, the rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or fiber; the rupture of a lutestring. Rupture (n.) Breach of peace or concord between individuals; open hostility or war between nations; interruption of friendly relations; as, the parties came to a rupture. Rupture (n.) Hernia. See Hernia. Rupture (n.) A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less sudden manner than by explosion. See Explosion. Ruptured (imp. & p. p.) of Rupture Rupturing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rupture Rupture (v. t.) To part by violence; to break; to burst; as, to rupture a blood vessel. Rupture (v. t.) To produce a hernia in. Rupture (v. i.) To suffer a breach or disruption. Ruptured (a.) Having a rupture, or hernia. Rupturewort (n.) Same as Burstwort. Rupturewort (n.) A West Indian plant (Alternanthera polygonoides) somewhat resembling burstwort. Rural (a.) Of or pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a city or town; living in the country; suitable for, or resembling, the country; rustic; as, rural scenes; a rural prospect. Rural (a.) Of or pertaining to agriculture; as, rural economy. Rurales (n. pl.) The gossamer-winged butterflies; a family of small butterflies, including the hairstreaks, violets, and theclas. Ruralism (n.) The quality or state of being rural; ruralness. Ruralism (n.) A rural idiom or expression. Ruralist (n.) One who leads a rural life. ties (pl. ) of Rurality Rurality (n.) The quality or state of being rural. Rurality (n.) A rural place. Ruralized (imp. & p. p.) of Ruralize Ruralizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ruralize Ruralize (v. t.) To render rural; to give a rural appearance to. Ruralize (v. i.) To become rural; to go into the country; to rusticate. Rurally (adv.) In a rural manner; as in the country. Ruralness (n.) The quality or state of being rural. Ruricolist (n.) An inhabitant of the country. Ruridecanal (a.) Of or pertaining to a rural dean; as, a ruridecanal district; the ruridecanal intellect. Rurigenous (a.) Born in the country. Ruse (n.) An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraud; deceit. Rush (n.) A name given to many aquatic or marsh-growing endogenous plants with soft, slender stems, as the species of Juncus and Scirpus. Rush (n.) The merest trifle; a straw. Rushed (imp. & p. p.) of Rush Rushing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rush Rush (v. i.) To move forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous rapidity or haste; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice. Rush (v. i.) To enter into something with undue haste and eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush business or speculation. Rush (v. t.) To push or urge forward with impetuosity or violence; to hurry forward. Rush (v. t.) To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an error. Rush (n.) A moving forward with rapidity and force or eagerness; a violent motion or course; as, a rush of troops; a rush of winds; a rush of water. Rush (n.) Great activity with pressure; as, a rush of business. Rush (n.) A perfect recitation. Rush (n.) A rusher; as, the center rush, whose place is in the center of the rush line; the end rush. Rush (n.) The act of running with the ball. Rush-bearing (n.) A kind of rural festival at the dedication of a church, when the parishioners brought rushes to strew the church. Rushbuckler (n.) A bullying and violent person; a braggart; a swashbuckler. Rushed (a.) Abounding or covered with rushes. Rusher (n.) One who rushes. Rusher (n.) One who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. Rushiness (n.) The quality or state of abounding with rushes. Rushingly (adv.) In a rushing manner. Rushlight (n.) A rush candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble light. Rushlike (a.) Resembling a rush; weak. Rushy (a.) Abounding with rushes. Rushy (a.) Made of rushes. Rusine (a.) Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rusa, which includes the sambur deer (Rusa Aristotelis) of India. Rusk (n.) A kind of light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often toasted or crisped in an oven; or, a kind of sweetened biscuit. Rusk (n.) A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores. Rusk (n.) Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar. Rusma (n.) A depilatory made of orpiment and quicklime, and used by the Turks. See Rhusma. Russ (n. sing. & pl.) A Russian, or the Russians. Russ (n. sing. & pl.) The language of the Russians. Russ (a.) Of or pertaining to the Russians. Russet (a.) Of a reddish brown color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions, namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of a yellowish brown color. Russet (a.) Coarse; homespun; rustic. Russet (n.) A russet color; a pigment of a russet color. Russet (n.) Cloth or clothing of a russet color. Russet (n.) A country dress; -- so called because often of a russet color. Russet (n.) An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as, the English russet, and the Roxbury russet. Russeting (n.) See Russet, n., 2 and 4. Russety (a.) Of a russet color; russet. Russia (n.) A country of Europe and Asia. Russian (a.) Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language. Russian (n.) A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia. Russianize (v. t.) To make Russian, or more or less like the Russians; as, to Russianize the Poles. Russification (n.) The act or process of Russifying, or the state of being Russified. Russify (v. t.) To Russianize; as, to Russify conquered tribes. Russophile (n.) Alt. of Russophilist Russophilist (n.) One who, not being a Russian, favors Russian policy and aggrandizement. Russophobe () Alt. of Russophobist Russophobist () One who dreads Russia or Russian influence. Russophobia (n.) Morbid dread of Russia or of Russian influence. Rust (n.) The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any metallic film of corrosion. Rust (n.) A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty spots on the leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses (Trichobasis Rubigo-vera), now usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew (Puccinia graminis). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores; as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish. Rust (n.) That which resembles rust in appearance or effects. Rust (n.) A composition used in making a rust joint. See Rust joint, below. Rust (n.) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as, rust on salted meat. Rust (n.) Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence. Rusted (imp. & p. p.) of Rust Rusting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rust Rust (v. i.) To contract rust; to be or become oxidized. Rust (v. i.) To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust; also, to acquire a rusty appearance, as plants. Rust (v. i.) To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or impaired by inaction. Rust (v. t.) To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with rust of any kind. Rust (v. t.) To impair by time and inactivity. Rustful (a.) Full of rust; resembling rust; causing rust; rusty. Rustic (a.) Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as, the rustic gods of antiquity. Rustic (a.) Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as, rustic manners. Rustic (a.) Coarse; plain; simple; as, a rustic entertainment; rustic dress. Rustic (a.) Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected. Rustic (n.) An inhabitant of the country, especially one who is rude, coarse, or dull; a clown. Rustic (n.) A rural person having a natural simplicity of character or manners; an artless, unaffected person. Rustical (a.) Rustic. Rusticated (imp. & p. p.) of Rusticate Rusticating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rusticate Rusticate (v. i.) To go into or reside in the country; to ruralize. Rusticate (v. t.) To require or compel to reside in the country; to banish or send away temporarily; to impose rustication on. Rusticated (a.) Resembling rustic work. See Rustic work (a), under Rustic. Rustication (n.) The act of rusticating, or the state of being rusticated; specifically, the punishment of a student for some offense, by compelling him to leave the institution for a time. Rustication (n.) Rustic work. Rusticity (n.) The quality or state of being rustic; rustic manners; rudeness; simplicity; artlessness. Rusticly (adv.) In a rustic manner; rustically. Rustily (adv.) In a rusty state. Rustiness (n.) The quality or state of being rusty. Rustled (imp. & p. p.) of Rustle Rustling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rustle Rustle (v. i.) To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the rubbing or moving of silk cloth or dry leaves. Rustle (v. i.) To stir about energetically; to strive to succeed; to bustle about. Rustle (v. t.) To cause to rustle; as, the wind rustles the leaves. Rustle (n.) A quick succession or confusion of small sounds, like those made by shaking leaves or straw, by rubbing silk, or the like; a rustling. Rustler (n.) One who, or that which, rustles. Rustler (n.) A bovine animal that can care for itself in any circumstances; also, an alert, energetic, driving person. Rustless (a.) Free from rust. Rusty (superl.) Covered or affected with rust; as, a rusty knife or sword; rusty wheat. Rusty (superl.) Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect. Rusty (superl.) Discolored and rancid; reasty; as, rusty bacon. Rusty (superl.) Surly; morose; crusty; sullen. Rusty (superl.) Rust-colored; dark. Rusty (superl.) Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept; filthy. Rusty (superl.) Resembling, or covered with a substance resembling, rust; affected with rust; rubiginous. Rut (n.) Sexual desire or oestrus of deer, cattle, and various other mammals; heat; also, the period during which the oestrus exists. Rut (n.) Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See Rote. Rutted (imp. & p. p.) of Rut Rutting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rut Rut (v. i.) To have a strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, cattle, etc. Rut (v. t.) To cover in copulation. Rut (n.) A track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs. Also used figuratively. Rut (v. t.) To make a rut or ruts in; -- chiefly used as a past participle or a participial adj.; as, a rutted road. Ruta-baga (n.) A kind of turnip commonly with a large and long or ovoid yellowish root; a Swedish turnip. See Turnip. Rutaceous (a.) Of or pertaining to plants of a natural order (Rutaceae) of which the rue is the type, and which includes also the orange, lemon, dittany, and buchu. Rutate (n.) A salt of rutic acid. Ruth (v.) Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. Ruth (v.) That which causes pity or compassion; misery; distress; a pitiful sight. Ruthenic (a.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with ruthenious compounds. Ruthenious (a.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with ruthenic compounds. Ruthenium (n.) A rare element of the light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals, under Platinum. Ruthful (a.) Full of ruth Ruthful (a.) Pitiful; tender. Ruthful (a.) Full of sorrow; woeful. Ruthful (a.) Causing sorrow. Ruthless (a.) Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless. Rutic (a.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, rue (Ruta); as, rutic acid, now commonly called capric acid. Rutilant (a.) Having a reddish glow; shining. Rutilate (v. i.) To shine; to emit rays of light. Rutile (n.) A mineral usually of a reddish brown color, and brilliant metallic adamantine luster, occurring in tetragonal crystals. In composition it is titanium dioxide, like octahedrite and brookite. Rutilian (n.) Any species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to Rutila and allied genera, as the spotted grapevine beetle (Pelidnota punctata). Rutin (n.) A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin is found in the leaves of the rue (Ruta graveolens) and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline substance which yields quercitin on decomposition. Rutinose. () A disaccharide present in glycosides. Rutter (n.) A horseman or trooper. Rutter (n.) That which ruts. Rutterkin (n.) An old crafty fox or beguiler -- a word of contempt. Ruttier (n.) A chart of a course, esp. at sea. Ruttish (a.) Inclined to rut; lustful; libidinous; salacious. Ruttle (n.) A rattling sound in the throat arising from difficulty of breathing; a rattle. Rutty (a.) Ruttish; lustful. Rutty (a.) Full of ruts; as, a rutty road. Rutty (a.) Rooty. Rutylene (n.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H18, of the acetylene series. It is produced artificially. Ryal (a.) Royal. Ryal (n.) See Rial, an old English coin. Ryder (n.) A clause added to a document; a rider. See Rider. Ryder (n.) A gold coin of Zealand [Netherlands] equal to 14 florins, about $ 5.60. Rye (n.) A grain yielded by a hardy cereal grass (Secale cereale), closely allied to wheat; also, the plant itself. Rye constitutes a large portion of the breadstuff used by man. Rye (n.) A disease in a hawk. Rynd (n.) A piece of iron crossing the hole in the upper millstone by which the stone is supported on the spindle. Ryot (n.) A peasant or cultivator of the soil. Rypophagous (a.) Eating, or subsisting on, filth. Rys (n.) A branch. Rysh (n.) Rush, a plant. Rysimeter (n.) See Rhysimeter. Ryth (n.) A ford. Rytina (n.) A genus of large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee, including but one species (R. Stelleri); -- called also Steller's sea cow.
• An additional thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc.

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